Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) diets on the protein levels of liver tissue in rats. | free radicals may not only affect the denatured cell structure but also reduce protein levels. these mechanisms are critical and need to be clarified as a high priority. because of the limited information on this subject, in this respect, the effects on protein levels of liver tissue in rats fed hot-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. | 2006 | 16272812 |
| a complement receptor for opsonized immune complexes on erythrocytes from oncorhynchus mykiss but not ictalarus punctatus. | immune complexes activate the classical pathway of complement resulting in the covalent deposition of fragments of the third (c3b) and fourth (c4b) components of complement, thus opsonizing the complexes for uptake by cd35 found on human erythrocytes. the complexes are then transported to and cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. it has been shown that rainbow trout can remove immune complexes from the circulation in a complement-dependent manner similar to that found i ... | 2006 | 16271392 |
| use of sequence data from rainbow trout and atlantic salmon for snp detection in pacific salmon. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are a class of genetic markers that are well suited to a broad range of research and management applications. although advances in genotyping chemistries and analysis methods continue to increase the potential advantages of using snps to address molecular ecological questions, the scarcity of available dna sequence data for most species has limited marker development. as the number and diversity of species being targeted for large-scale sequencing has incre ... | 2005 | 16262869 |
| food-deprivation induces hsp70 and hsp90 protein expression in larval gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout. | heat shock proteins (hsps) expression is commonly used as indicators of cellular stress in animals. however, very little is known about either the expression patterns of hsps or their role in the stress-tolerance phenomenon in early life stages of fish. to this end, we examined the impact of food-deprivation (12 h), reduced oxygen levels (3.5 mg/l for 1 h) and heat shock (hs: +5 degrees c for 1 h) on hsp70 and hsp90 protein expression in early life stages of the gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata ... | 2005 | 16257553 |
| oxygen delivery to the fish eye: root effect as crucial factor for elevated retinal po2. | although the retina has one of the highest metabolic rates among tissues, certain teleost fishes lack any vascular supply to this organ which, in combination with the overall thickness of the organ, results in extremely long diffusion distances. as the only way to compensate for these obstacles, oxygen partial pressure (po2) in the eyes of such fish is elevated far above atmospheric values. although not supported by any direct evidence, the enhancement of po2 is considered to be related to the r ... | 2005 | 16244163 |
| transcriptional analysis of lps-stimulated activation of trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte/macrophage cells in primary culture treated with cortisol. | primary immune responses to pathogen invasion are mediated by the innate immune system in which tissue macrophages play a key role. during infectious processes glucocorticoids generally may function to dampen inflammatory responses. in this study, the ability of cortisol to directly modulate the transcriptional response of rainbow trout macrophages to the cellular activator lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated. the results indicate that cortisol significantly inhibits the well-described lps ... | 2006 | 16239032 |
| new subtype of salmonid alphavirus (sav), togaviridae, from atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in norway. | in europe, 2 closely related alphaviruses (togaviridae) are regarded as the causative agents of sleeping disease (sd) and salmon pancreas disease (spd): sd virus (sdv) has been isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in france and the uk, while spd virus (spdv) has been isolated from salmon salmo salar in ireland and the uk. farmed salmonids in western norway also suffer from a disease called pancreas disease (pd), and this disease is also believed to be caused by an alphavirus. however, ... | 2005 | 16231636 |
| endothelin receptors in teleost fishes: cardiovascular effects and branchial distribution. | by observing gill blood flow using epi-illuminating microscopy, in parallel with cardiovascular recordings and immunohistochemistry, we have tried to identify the receptor mediating endothelin (et) type 1 (et1)-induced pillar cell contraction in the lamellae of the atlantic cod (gadus morhua). intra-arterial injection of the specific et(b) receptor agonist bq-3020 induced dose-dependent increases in ventral aortic blood pressure, gill vascular resistance, and pillar cell area (indicating contrac ... | 2006 | 16223845 |
| a cdna for a putative type iii deiodinase in the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): influence of holding conditions and thyroid hormone treatment on its hepatic expression. | a putative rainbow trout type iii deiodinase (d3) cdna was amplified by pcr, using primers to evolutionarily conserved sequences. the race-derived complete cdna was then identified by sequence comparison to that in tilapia and other vertebrates. the cdna coded for a predicted 31,500 kda protein of 278 amino acids, with a hydrophobic trans-membrane segment and with 80% similarity to tilapia d3 and 39% similarity to rainbow trout type ii deiodinase (d2). it also showed a selenocysteine codon at po ... | 2006 | 16214142 |
| characterisation of carbohydrate-binding sites in developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis. | glycans and lectins (carbohydrate-binding molecules) form a mutual recognition system, which enables parasitic organisms to attach themselves to the host cells and/or take part in the migration of their developmental stages into the target tissue. the aim of the present study was to identify and characterise the potential binding activity of glycoconjugates in different developmental stages of myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonids. the binding patterns of 13 ... | 2005 | 16211413 |
| evolution of hox clusters in salmonidae: a comparative analysis between atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we studied the genomic organization of hox genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and made comparisons to that in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), another member of the family salmonidae. we used these two species to test the hypothesis that the hox genes would provide evidence for a fourth round of duplication (4r) of this gene family given the recent polyploid ancestry of the salmonid fish. thirteen putative hox clusters were identified and 10 of these complexes were localized to the curre ... | 2005 | 16205980 |
| validation of the narcosis target lipid model for petroleum products: gasoline as a case study. | the narcosis target lipid model (ntlm) was used to predict the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (wafs) of six gasoline blending streams to algae (pseudokirchnereilla subcapitata, formerly selenastrum capricornutum), juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and water flea (daphnia magna). gasolines are comprised of hydrocarbons that on dissolution into the aqueous phase are expected to act via narcosis. aquatic toxicity data were obtained using a lethal-loading test in which wafs wer ... | 2005 | 16193769 |
| a teleost in vitro reporter gene assay to screen for agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. | several contaminants detected in aquatic ecosystems are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars). peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors interact with the retinoid x receptor (rxr) to activate the transcription of genes that control a variety of physiological functions. we cloned and sequenced partial cdna fragments of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pparalpha and pparbeta from rainbow trout (rt) gill-w1 cells, a cell line derived from rainbow trout gills; predict ... | 2005 | 16193754 |
| temperature and ca2+ dependence of [3h]ryanodine binding in the burbot (lota lota l.) heart. | opening and closing of the cardiac ryanodine (ry) receptor (ryr) are coordinated by the free intracellular ca2+ concentration, thus making the ca2+ binding properties of the ryr important for excitation-contraction coupling. unlike mammalian cardiac ryrs, which lose their normal function at low temperatures, ryrs of ectothermic vertebrates remain operative at 2-4 degrees c, as indicated by ry sensitivity of contractile force. to investigate the mechanisms of low temperature adaptation of ectothe ... | 2006 | 16179490 |
| the gamma subunit of the eighth complement component (c8) in rainbow trout. | of the 35 proteins, enzymes, receptors and regulatory components of the complement system, c8gamma is unique in that it is the only lipocalin. c8gamma is a subunit of the c8 molecule, which is one of the five components (c5b, c6, c7, c8 and c9) that interact as a consequence of complement activation to form the membrane attack complex. until now, c8gamma has been characterized only in mammalian species. in order to elucidate the phylogeny of this molecule, we have cloned the c8gamma subunit in r ... | 2006 | 16169077 |
| isolation of the salmonid rhamnose-binding lectin stl2 from spores of the microsporidian fish parasite loma salmonae. | the microsporidian parasite, loma salmonae, is the causative agent of gill disease in both wild and netpen-reared salmonids worldwide. in this paper we report the finding of a rhamnose-binding lectin from steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, which was found bound in high concentration to the surface coat of l. salmonae spores. sds-page, immunoblot, n-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analyses were used to determine that the dominant 24 kda protein lectin observed on sds-page analysis o ... | 2005 | 16159363 |
| development of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) in bryozoan hosts (as examined by light microscopy) and quantitation of infective dose to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), a highly damaging disease of cultured salmonid fish. within this study, phylactolaemate bryozoans were collected from a river known to be endemic for pkd and subsequently cultured in the laboratory. sequential developmental stages of t. bryosalmonae were studied by light microscopy within the living bryozoan colonies, allowing the identification of stages attached to host peritoneum, ... | 2006 | 16154706 |
| identification and expression of a host-recognized antigen, fspa, from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, an economically important disease of immature salmonid fish for which there is no vaccine. convalescent serum from the host, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), reacted strongly with a approximately 20 kda, flavobacterium-specific protein antigen (subsequently named fspa) from f. psychrophilum. protein-enriched, detergent-partitioned samples were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein ... | 2005 | 16151223 |
| isolation of vagococcus salmoninarum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), broodstocks: characterization of the pathogen. | coldwater 'streptococcosis', caused by vagococcus salmoninarum, is an emerging disease of rainbow trout in the european union, causing mortality rates up to 50% in broodstock during the spawning period, with water temperature of 10-12 degrees c. a study to determine the presence and role of this bacterium was undertaken using classical bacteriological techniques confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. this is the first report of isolation of v salmoninarum in relation to outbreaks of mortality ... | 2005 | 16142604 |
| gene duplication of the seventh component of complement in rainbow trout. | the seventh component of complement is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein that is involved in the cytolytic phase of complement activation through a sequence of polymerization reactions with other terminal components. we have previously isolated and characterized a c7 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here, we report the cloning of a second trout c7 gene (c7-2). the deduced amino acid sequence of the c7-2 gene exhibits 43 and 50% identity with human c7 and trout c7-1, respectively. th ... | 2005 | 16142474 |
| use of a rainbow trout oligonucleotide microarray to determine transcriptional patterns in aflatoxin b1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma compared to adjacent liver. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its occurrence is associated with a number of environmental factors including ingestion of the dietary contaminant aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)). research over the last 40 years has revealed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to be an excellent research model for study of afb(1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis; however, little is known about changes at the molecular level in trout tumors. we have developed a rainbow ... | 2005 | 16141433 |
| mechanoreceptive and nociceptive responses in the central nervous system of goldfish (carassius auratus) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | nociceptive responses to a repetitive pin-prod stimulus in goldfish and trout were assessed. single unit recordings were taken from the spinal cord, cerebellum, tectum, and telencephalon. neuronal responses were elicited in all these regions of the central nervous system in both species of fish during brush (mechanoceptive) and pin-prod (nociceptive) stimuli. in addition, in trout, a heated prod stimulus was used. mechanoreceptive and nociceptive neuronal responses to various stimuli were elicit ... | 2005 | 16139775 |
| plasma proteomic analysis of the acute phase response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to intraperitoneal inflammation and lps injection. | few acute phase proteins are known in fish and better knowledge of them would provide a basis for more reliable methods to objectively assess fish health and welfare. an acute phase response was induced in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) by inflammation triggered by intraperitoneal administration of purified aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant (lps/fia) or a commercial oil-based multivalent vaccine. acute phase proteins were characteri ... | 2006 | 16139357 |
| analysis of cyp4501a1, pahs metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to biobío river sediments, central chile. | the responses of cytochrome p4501a1 in the liver, the appearance of fluorescent metabolites in bile, and genotoxic damage in erythrocytes were studied in oncorhynchus mykiss exposed under laboratory conditions to sediments taken from the biobio river, central chile. samples were taken at four sampling sites in the biobio river, following a pollution gradient from the discharge, where stations 2 and 3 are impacted by a petrochemical industrial discharge effluent. chemical analysis indicates polyc ... | 2006 | 16137764 |
| comparison of individual and pooled sampling methods for detecting bacterial pathogens of fish. | examination of finfish populations for viral and bacterial pathogens is an important component of fish disease control programs worldwide. two methods are commonly used for collecting tissue samples for bacteriological culture, the currently accepted standards for detection of bacterial fish pathogens. the method specified in the office international des epizooties manual of diagnostic tests for aquatic animals permits combining renal and splenic tissues from as many as 5 fish into pooled sample ... | 2005 | 16130986 |
| four novel hemolysin genes of vibrio anguillarum and their virulence to rainbow trout. | four nucleotide sequences showing homology to known hemolysin genes were cloned and sequenced from v. anguillarum strain h775-3. the four genes, vah2, vah3, vah4 and vah5, have open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 291, 690, 200 and 585 amino acid residues, respectively, with predicted molecular masses of 33, 75, 22 and 66kda, respectively. vah2 is most closely related to a putative hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus yj016 (89% identity). vah3 is most closely related to a hemolysin-related pr ... | 2005 | 16126365 |
| bioavailability models for predicting acute and chronic toxicity of zinc to algae, daphnids, and fish in natural surface waters. | bioavailability models predicting acute and/or chronic zinc toxicity to a green alga (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a crustacean (daphnia magna), and a fish (oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated in a series of experiments with spiked natural surface waters. the eight selected freshwater samples had varying levels of bioavailability modifying parameters: ph (5.7-8.4), dissolved organic carbon (doc, 2.48-22.9 mg/l), ca (1.5-80 mg/l), mg (0.79-18 mg/l), and na (3.8-120 mg/l). in those waters, ch ... | 2005 | 16110999 |
| short-term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: acute effects on fatty acyl-coa oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids. | this study investigated the effects of exposure to waterborne perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on oxidative stress and reproductive endpoints in fish. exposures utilized species commonly used in toxicological testing, including the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as relatively insensitive taxa such as creek chub (semotilus atromaculatus), spottail shiner (notropis hudsonius), and white sucker (catostomus commersoni). in all fish species, shor ... | 2005 | 16110997 |
| toxicity of alpha-, beta-, (alpha + beta)-endosulfan and their formulated and degradation products to daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, oncorhynchus mykiss, oncorhynchus kisutch, and biological implications in streams. | the static acute toxicities of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, (alpha + beta)-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate (their transformation product), and formulated materials were determined for a representative freshwater amphipod (hyalella azteca), cladoceran (daphnia magna), and salmonid fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). acute lethality tests also were conducted on these organisms and coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) by exposing them to simulated field water endosulfan concentrations, using either a si ... | 2005 | 16110993 |
| pathogenicity of vibrios to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and artemia nauplii. | the taxonomy of marine vibrios has changed rapidly over the last two decades, and a wealth of new species have been identified. many vibrio species are pathogenic to fish and crustaceans; however, little is known about the virulence of many of the novel species. the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of various recent isolates of vibrios to cause disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and crustacea, i.e. artemia nauplii. of 56 isolates, representing 26 species of ... | 2005 | 16104871 |
| estrogenic effects of environmental chemicals: an interspecies comparison. | the development of various in vitro screening methods has led to identification of novel estrogenic chemicals of natural and anthropogenic origin. in this study, the (anti)estrogenic potential of several environmental chemicals were compared in an array of in vitro test systems comprising: (i) competitive binding to estrogen receptors derived from the human breast cancer cell line mcf-7 (her) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rter), (ii) a proliferation assay with mcf-7 cells (e-screen), ... | 2005 | 16099220 |
| cardiovascular responses of three salmonid species affected with amoebic gill disease (agd). | the cardiovascular effects of amoebic gill disease (agd) were investigated immediately following surgery in three salmonid species; atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). fish, both naïve (control) and infected (agd-affected) of each species, were fitted with dorsal aorta catheters and cardiac flow probes. cardiac output and dorsal aortic pressures were then continuously measured over a 6-h period following surgery. result ... | 2005 | 16088392 |
| characterization of toll-like receptor 3 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | antiviral immunity in fish is not well understood. in mammals, toll-like receptor (tlr) 3 is involved in double-stranded rna recognition and host immune response activation. here, we report the first identification of a rainbow trout tlr3 ortholog (rttlr3), its genomic structure, and mrna regulation. six exons and five introns were identified from bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) and expressed sequence tag (est) sequencing, and this genomic organization is similar to mammalian and fish tlr3 ... | 2005 | 16086174 |
| identification and bioactivities of ifn-gamma in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: the first th1-type cytokine characterized functionally in fish. | ifn-gamma is one of the key cytokines in defining th1 immune responses. in this study, an ifn-gamma homologue has been identified in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, and its biological activities have been characterized. the trout ifn-gamma cdna is 1034 bp in length and translates into a 180-aa protein. the first intron of the trout ifn-gamma gene contains highly polymorphic gaca minisatellites and 44-bp dna repeats, giving rise to at least six alleles. ifn-gamma is structurally conserved amon ... | 2005 | 16081820 |
| treatment of columnaris disease of rainbow trout: low ph and salt as possible tools? | the impact of salt and low ph on columnaris disease of fish was studied. survival of flavobacterium columnare after exposure to either 4% nacl (ph 7.2) or ph 5.0, ph 4.86 or ph 4.6 for 15 min or 1 h was studied in vitro. all conditions significantly reduced the numbers of viable bacterial cells. the effects of salt (4 and 2%) and acidic baths (ph 4.6) were studied in 2 experiments in vivo with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss infected with f. columnare. both salt and acidic baths failed to prev ... | 2005 | 16060264 |
| identification of a novel cathelicidin gene in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the cloning of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene, termed rtcath_1, found in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the predicted 216-residue rtcath_1 prepropeptide consists of three domains: a 22-residue signal peptide, a 128-residue cathelin-like region containing two identifiable cathelicidin family signatures, and a predicted 66-residue c-terminal cationic antimicrobial peptide. this predicted mature peptide was unique in possessing features of different known (mammalian) cathelic ... | 2005 | 16041021 |
| comparative evaluation of the alkaline comet assay with the micronucleus test for genotoxicity monitoring using aquatic organisms. | a comparative analysis between the in vivo comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test (mnt) was carried out in three aquatic organisms suitable for genotoxicity monitoring, carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and clam (spisula sachalinensis), using a direct-acting mutagen, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng), and an indirect mutagen, benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p). by optimizing the conditions for cell isolation, gill and liver (or digestive glands) were selected as t ... | 2006 | 16026836 |
| a newly identified cpg oligodeoxynucleotide motif that stimulates rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune cells to produce immunomodulatory factors. | bacterial dna and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) that contain unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (cpgs) have been shown to have immunostimulatory effects on b cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells in mammals. however, little is known of the cellular basis of cpg immunostimulation in fish. we have addressed this question in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. prokaryotic dna (from escherichia coli), but not eukaryotic dna (from calf), caused proliferation of spleen a ... | 2006 | 16023206 |
| oceanobacillus oncorhynchi sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and emended description of the genus oceanobacillus. | a halotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium, r-2(t), was isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a freshwater fish. the strain is gram-positive, ferments several carbohydrates, is rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella and produces ellipsoidal spores. the isolate grows at ph 9-10 but not at ph 7-8. this micro-organism grows in 0-22% (w/v) nacl at ph 10. its major cellular fatty acids are iso-c(15:0), anteiso-c(15:0) and anteiso-c(17:0), the major isoprenoid ... | 2005 | 16014475 |
| an in vitro system for the long-term tissue culture of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testis. | in vitro cultivation of fish gonad fragments continues to be an important experimental approach to answer both fundamental and applied scientific questions. the aim of the present investigation was to test whether juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testes cultured for a week or more were physiologically competent. trout testis fragments (approximately 1 mm2) were placed on pieces of flat, culture plate insert filter, in a drop of liquid medium (modified leibovitz's l-15), and floated o ... | 2005 | 16013044 |
| the expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (agd). | amoebic gill disease (agd) is an ectoparasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan neoparamoeba sp. and is characterised by epithelial hyperplasia that manifests as gill lesions. in order to examine the nature of the immune response to agd, the expression of a range of immune-regulatory genes was examined in naïve uninfected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and naïve rainbow trout subjected to a laboratory-induced agd infection. the immune-regulatory genes examined were interleukin ... | 2006 | 16006146 |
| review of the sequential development of loma salmonae (microsporidia) based on experimental infections of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (o. tshawytscha). | loma salmonae is a common gill parasite of salmonids, and essentially all species in the genus oncorhynchus are susceptible. infections occur in both fresh and salt water. loma salmonae is directly transmissible by ingestion of spores or infected tissue. the parasite infects the wall of blood vessels of various organs, but the gill is the primary site of infection. initial infection occurs in the intestine, and xenomas are easily detected in the gills by standard histology at 4-6 wk post-exposur ... | 2005 | 16004365 |
| multiple and highly divergent il-11 genes in teleost fish. | interleukin-11 (il-11) is a key cytokine in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors and is also involved in bone formation, adipogenesis, and protection of mucosal epithelia. despite this prominent role in diverse physiological processes, il-11 has been described in only four mammalian species, and recently, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). here we report the presence of il-11 in common carp (cyprinus carpio), a bony fish species related to zebrafi ... | 2005 | 16003467 |
| development of a subunit vaccine for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus using a baculovirus insect/larvae system. | various attempts to develop a vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) have not yielded consistent results. thus, at present, no commercial vaccine is available that can be used with confidence to immunize fry of salmon and trout. we generated a cdna clone of the large genome segment a of an ipnv sp strain and expressed all structural protein genes in insect cells and larvae using a baculovirus expression system. green fluorescent protein was also coexpressed as a reporter mol ... | 2005 | 15962479 |
| vaccination strategies to prevent emerging diseases for spanish aquaculture. | in recent years, three serious diseases have emerged in spanish aquaculture. these are lactococcosis caused by lactococcus garvieae, which is of economical importance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss); pseudomonadiasis caused by pseudomonas anguilliseptica which affects gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus); and flexibacteriosis caused by tenacibaculum maritimum which became a devastating problem in the emerging culture of sole (solea spp). to obtain useful inf ... | 2005 | 15962472 |
| bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide. | during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ... | 2005 | 15962470 |
| nitric oxide and the control of catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation was used to assess the role of nitric oxide (no) in the regulation of basal and stimulus-evoked catecholamine secretion from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss chromaffin cells. addition of the no donor, sodium nitroprusside (snp) to the inflowing perfusate abolished catecholamine secretion during electrical field stimulation, thereby establishing the potential for no to act as a potent inhibitor of catecholamine release. a possible r ... | 2005 | 15939781 |
| effect of fasting on thyroid hormone levels, and tr(alpha) and tr(beta) mrna accumulation in late-stage embryo and juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the accumulation of mrna encoding for hepatic and intestinal t3-receptor (tr) and body and liver masses were measured in fed and 3-week fasted juvenile and swim up stage rainbow trout embryos. plasma and total body thyroid hormone (th) levels were measured for juvenile and swim up stages, respectively. fasted juveniles exhibited a lower hepatosomatic index (hsi), liver mass and plasma t4 and t3 concentrations than fed animals, but there were no changes in body mass or the accumulation of mrna en ... | 2005 | 15936705 |
| spatial and temporal variations in sea lice (copepoda: caligidae) infestations of three salmonid species farmed in net pens in southern chile. | sea lice infestations have become a major health problem for farmed salmonids throughout the world including chile. in southern chile, 6 geographical areas, divided into 22 geographical zones with a total of 127 salmon farming centers and 1519 sea pens, were regularly sampled from december 1999 to april 2002. a linear mixed-effects model (lme) approach was used to describe the infestations of adult forms of sea lice on 3 salmonid species farmed in southern chile. the variables fish species, wate ... | 2005 | 15918480 |
| the role of myostatin and the calcineurin-signalling pathway in regulating muscle mass in response to exercise training in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum were exercised at 0.8 and 1.6 body lengths s(-1) for 18 h a day over a 30 day period. exercise resulted in a 24-30% increase in the average cross-sectional area of fast muscle fibres relative to tank-rested controls. the concentrations of growth factors and transcription factors hypothesised to play a role in regulating exercise-induced muscle fibre hypertrophy were measured. exercise training resulted in a minor increase in calcineurin localisation in t ... | 2005 | 15914652 |
| early interactions of flavobacterium psychrophilum with macrophages of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the early interactions of a low and a highly virulent flavobacterium psychrophilum strain with head kidney and spleen macrophages of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were characterized. the highly virulent strain was killed 5.8 to 11 times less frequently than the low virulent strain. the head kidney macrophages showed a microbicidal activity approximately twice as high as that of the spleen macrophages. a 2- to 3-fold higher production of reactive oxygen species (ros) was induced by the highly ... | 2005 | 15900684 |
| effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase-ii isozyme activity in vitro and rat erythrocytes in vivo. | the effects of low molecular weight plasma inhibitors from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rt) were investigated on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (ca) activities in in vitro human and in in vivo sprague-dawley rat erythrocytes. the rt blood was used as extracellular fluid (plasma) source and plasma inhibitors were obtained by dialysis of the plasma. for the in vitro study, human carbonic anhydrase-ii (hca-ii) isozyme was obtained by sepharose 4b-l-tyrosine-sulfanylamide affinity chromatogra ... | 2005 | 15895682 |
| sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treated municipal sewage effluent for 32 weeks. fish were injected intra-peritoneally either with inactivated ... | 2005 | 15892994 |
| influence of rearing conditions on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the influence of rearing conditions on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was studied experimentally in the laboratory and at a fish farm. in experiment i, the effect of parasitic infection on columnaris disease was studied using f. columnare carrier fish. the fish were exposed to diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and a set of other stressors in order to induce clinical columnaris infection. parasitic infection and other stressors failed to induce ... | 2005 | 15892752 |
| mixtures of estrogenic contaminants in bile of fish exposed to wastewater treatment works effluents. | most effluents from wastewater treatment works (wwtws) contain estrogenic chemicals that include steroidal estrogens and xenoestrogens. we investigated the nature of mixtures of estrogenic contaminants taken up by two species of fish exposed to two wwtws effluents. sexually immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and sexually mature roach, rutilus rutilus, were exposed to tap water, river water, or one of two estrogenic wwtws effluents for up to 10 days, when the fish were sacrificed and ti ... | 2005 | 15884336 |
| characterization of na, k-atpase genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and comparative genomic organization with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a combination of molecular and in silico approaches was employed to assemble a survey of na, k-atpase genes contained in the ancestrally tetraploid genome of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). molecular characterization of genomic clones coding for the alpha subunit revealed two single genes (alpha1a and alpha2) and two pairs of presumably homeologous genes (alpha1b/i-ii and alpha1c/i-ii). each of the six genes showed high sequence similarity to isoforms previously isolated from rainbow trout an ... | 2005 | 15883826 |
| effects of redox cycling compounds on dt diaphorase activity in the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | background: dt diaphorase (dtd; nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.99.2) catalyses the two electron reduction of quinones, thus preventing redox cycling and consequently quinone dependent production of reactive oxygen species. in rat and mouse, a wide range of chemicals including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes and quinones induces dtd. bifunctional compounds, such as beta-naphthoflavone (beta-nf) and benzo(a)pyrene (b(a)p), induce dtd together with cyp1a and phase ii enzymes by a mechan ... | 2005 | 15871734 |
| estrogenicity of butylparaben in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss exposed via food and water. | the estrogenic effect of butylparaben was investigated in a rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss test system. butylparaben was administered orally to sexually immature rainbow trout every second day for up to 10 days in doses between 4 and 74 mgkg(-1)2d(-1) and in the water at 35 and 201 microgl(-1) for 12 days. plasma vitellogenin was measured before and during the exposures and the concentrations of butylparaben in liver and muscle were determined at the end of experiments. increases in average p ... | 2005 | 15848249 |
| evaluation of dna damage in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) cryopreserved sperm. | cryopreservation causes several types of damage to spermatozoa, such as loss of plasma membrane integrity and functionality, loss of motility, and atp content, resulting in decrease of fertility rates. this spermatozoal damage has been widely investigated for several marine and freshwater fish species. however, not much attention has been paid to the nuclear dna. the objective of this study was to determine the degree to which cryopreservation induces spermatozoal dna damage in two commercially ... | 2005 | 15843004 |
| comparative mapping of expressed sequence tags containing microsatellites in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | comparative genomics, through the integration of genetic maps from species of interest with whole genome sequences of other species, will facilitate the identification of genes affecting phenotypes of interest. the development of microsatellite markers from expressed sequence tags will serve to increase marker densities on current salmonid genetic maps and initiate in silico comparative maps with species whose genomes have been fully sequenced. | 2005 | 15836796 |
| characterisation of salmon and trout cd8alpha and cd8beta. | the genes and corresponding cdnas of both alpha and beta chains of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cd8 molecule have been sequenced and characterized. in addition, the cdnas for alpha and beta chains of brown trout (salmo trutta) and for the beta chain in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) have been sequenced. the cdnas code for signal sequences which are preceded by short 5' utrs. these are followed by typical immunoglobulin superfamily variable sequences all of which contain two conserved c ... | 2005 | 15829311 |
| activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mononuclear phagocytes by different pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) bearing agents. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cells of a monocyte-macrophage lineage (rtmocs) were used to characterize the ability of the trout innate immune system to recognize and respond to different pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) bearing substances. compared to what has been reported for mammalian macrophages, rtmocs responded with lower sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli (ec-lps) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa-lps). the sensitivity of rtmocs to lps was not in ... | 2005 | 15829310 |
| [a preliminary study of parasite diversity in the anadromous kamchatkan mikizha parasalmo mykiss mykiss (osteichthyes: salmoniformes: salmonidae)]. | the study of parasites associated with the anadromous mikizha from several rivers of the western kamchatka has revealed 44 parasite species. the majority of parasites (59%) belong to marine and estuarine-marine species. lecithophyllum bothryophorum, echinorhynchus leidyi and plerocercoids of the family litobothriidae were found for the first time in anadromous fish entering into asian continental watersheds. it has been revealed that only a few specimens of the anadromous mikizha feed in fresh w ... | 2005 | 15810557 |
| expression of genes related to the early immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection. | in the last few years, many cytokine and other immune related genes have been identified in different teleost species, thus allowing their study at a molecular level. however, very little is known about their effect on fish antiviral responses. in the current work, we have studied the effect of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection on the expression of different immune genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) through semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain rea ... | 2005 | 15784292 |
| effect of pseudomonas sp. mt5 baths on flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout and on microbial diversity on fish skin and gills. | use of pseudomonas sp. strain mt5 to prevent and treat flavobacterium columnare infection was studied in 2 experiments with fingerling rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in the first experiment, length heterogeneity analysis of pcr-amplified dna fragments (lh-pcr) was used to assess the effect of antagonistic baths on the microbial diversity of healthy and experimentally infected fish. in the 148 samples studied, no difference was found between bathed and unbathed fish, and 3 fragment lengths we ... | 2005 | 15759801 |
| characteristics of inhibition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) by normal rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss serum. | we studied the characteristics of rainbow trout serum (rts) inhibitory activity against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). serum inhibition was related to the serum source and host cell in which the virus had been propagated. ipnv was more efficiently inhibited by rts in salmonid cell lines than in non-salmonid cell lines, with inhibition highest in rainbow trout gonad (rtg)-2 cells. the rts sensitivity of the virus was modified by the cell line through which the virus passed, with mul ... | 2005 | 15759799 |
| sandwich immunoassay for determination of vitellogenin in golden grey mullet (liza aurata) serum as a field exposure biomarker. | vitellogenin (vtg) is a protein produced in the liver of oviparous animals in response to oestrogens. abnormal production of vtg by males, therefore, is used as a biological indicator of exposure to xeno-oestrogens. in this study, a sandwich-elisa for measuring vtg in liza aurata (golden grey mullet) was developed and validated. plasma vtg was purified from 17beta-oestradiol-injected immature individuals of mullet, by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. polyclonal antibodies against ... | 2005 | 15756602 |
| influence of feeding ratio and size on susceptibility to microsporidial gill disease caused by loma salmonae in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | two trials were designed to quantify the effect of feeding ratio and fish size on the cohabitation transmission of loma salmonae, the causative agent of microsporidial gill disease (mgd) in salmonids, oncorhynchus spp. to evaluate the effect of feeding ratio on disease onset, groups of 45 rainbow trout, o. mykiss (walbaum) (rbt), were fed daily at 1% (low), 2% (medium) or 4% (high) of the fish biomass in the tank. there were three tanks at each feeding level: two tanks were exposed to the pathog ... | 2005 | 15752278 |
| control of adipose tissue lipid metabolism by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) is a cytokine with multiple biological functions which, in mammals, has been shown to modulate muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. in fish, tnf alpha has been identified in several species. however, few studies have examined the role of tnf alpha in fish outside the immune system. in this study, we assessed the effects of human recombinant tnf alpha and conditioned media from rainbow trout lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated macrophages (lps-mcm) on lipo ... | 2005 | 15749811 |
| studies on retinol-binding protein during vitellogenesis in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | retinoids are important regulatory signaling molecules during embryonic development and therefore, should be present in the eggs of oviparous animals that develop independently of the maternal organism. studies were initiated in rainbow trout to elucidate the role of retinol-binding protein (rbp), the specific retinol carrier protein in vertebrate plasma, during vitellogenesis. plasma levels of rbp in pre-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, and post-vitellogenic females were compared to plasma of male t ... | 2005 | 15748715 |
| time course study of in situ expression of antigens following dna-vaccination against vhs in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) fry. | the present study was performed as a time course study of fish vaccinated with 20 microg plasmid dna vaccine encoding either the vhsv g-protein or the vhsv n-protein. samples of the injection site were collected sequentially over a 7-week period. the study revealed an intense positive staining by immunohistochemistry for the viral g-protein mainly in the membrane of intact myocytes, most prominent by days 10-27, and with concomitant infiltration of inflammatory cells by days 13-38 that subsequen ... | 2005 | 15722229 |
| differential propagation of the metazoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis by limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, ilyodrilus templetoni, and genetically distinct strains of tubifex tubifex. | whirling disease, caused by the parasite myxobolus cerebralis, has infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonid fish in the western united states, often with devastating results to native populations but without a discernible spatial pattern. the parasite develops in a complex 2-host system in which the aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex is an obligate host. because substantial differences in whirling disease severity in different areas of north america did not seem explainab ... | 2004 | 15715230 |
| genetic relationships among members of the ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks. | abstract ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. recently it has been demonstrated that ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. to address the question of hos ... | 2005 | 15705156 |
| effect of recombinant human gh and ghrh on plasma metabolite levels in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of the present work was to study metabolic changes in rainbow trout treated with preparations of human recombinants of growth hormone (rhgh) and gh-releasing hormone (rhghrh), by analysing time course variations in plasma metabolite levels. trouts were given the hormones by intraperitoneal injection in a single dose (rhgh: 0.5microg/g b.w.; rhghrh: 0.06microg/g b.w.) or as a weekly injection over a period of 4 weeks. the concentrations of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids and glycerol w ... | 2004 | 15700768 |
| in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor in rat, mouse, japanese quail and rainbow trout in precision-cut liver slices. | 1. the in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor (mxc) has been studied using precision-cut liver slices from the sprague-dawley male rat, cd-1 male mouse, we strain male japanese quail and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the results demonstrated integrated phase i and ii metabolism of mxc and species differences in the metabolic profiles were observed. 2. in rat liver slice preparations, mxc was rapidly metabolized to bis-oh-mxc by sequential o-demethylation followed by subsequent ... | 2004 | 15690762 |
| molecular cloning of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in rainbow trout. | in humans, leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (lect2) is a 16kda chemotactic protein that consists of 133 amino acids and three intramolecular disulphide bonds. although it was originally demonstrated to have a chemotactic function in vitro, recent data sustain a further multifunctional role of lect2 that extends from cell growth, differentiation, damage/repair process and carcinogenesis to autoimmune diseases. the in vivo function of lect2 protein still remains obscure. in order to study the p ... | 2005 | 15683915 |
| nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for freshwater invertebrates. | published data on nitrate (no3-) toxicity to freshwater and marine animals are reviewed. new data on nitrate toxicity to the freshwater invertebrates eulimnogammarus toletanus, echinogammarus echinosetosus and hydropsyche exocellata are also presented. the main toxic action of nitrate is due to the conversion of oxygen-carrying pigments to forms that are incapable of carrying oxygen. nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals increases with increasing nitrate concentrations and exposure times. in contr ... | 2005 | 15667845 |
| a loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) protocol was developed for detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) rna in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a set of four primers, two outer and two inner primers for the rt-lamp and the lamp assay, were designed based on the sequence of g-protein of ihnv. time and temperature conditions were optimized for 60 min at 63 degrees c for both rt-lamp and lamp protocols. the detection limit was found to be ... | 2005 | 15662483 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), hatcheries: studies on broodstock, eggs, fry and environment. | the occurrence of flavobacterium psychrophilum at four rainbow trout hatcheries was investigated to provide more knowledge about the reservoirs and transmission of this bacterium. broodstock were sampled at stripping (including both unfertilized and fertilized eggs), and the offspring were then sampled at the eyed egg and fry stages. water and surface samples (e.g. hatchery trays) were also sampled. flavobacterium psychrophilum was found in ovarian fluid and milt, indicating that broodstock may ... | 2005 | 15660792 |
| temporal and spatial properties of cellular ca2+ flux in trout ventricular myocytes. | confocal microscopy was used to investigate the temporal and spatial properties of ca(2+) transients and ca(2+) sparks in ventricular myocytes of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). confocal imaging confirmed the absence of t tubules and the long ( approximately 160 microm), thin ( approximately 8 microm) morphology of trout myocytes. line scan imaging of ca(2+) transients evoked by electrical stimulation in cells loaded with fluo 4 revealed spatial inhomogeneities in the temporal propertie ... | 2005 | 15650128 |
| effects of low protein intake on extra-hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression and peripheral glucose phosphorylation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the objective of the study described here was to analyze in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of low protein intake on peripheral glucose phosphorylation capacities and gluconeogenic enzymes in kidney and intestine. fish were food-deprived for 14 days or kept under a low and a high protein intake regime using a pair feeding protocol in order to maintain constant carbohydrate and lipid intakes. we analyzed the effect of protein restriction on (i) hepatic, renal and intestinal fructo ... | 2005 | 15649781 |
| streptococcus iniae type ii infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | clinical and pathological findings (anorexia, hemorrhage, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicated that streptococcus iniae type ii is responsible for a fatal disease in rainbow trout. histopathological findings revealed that s. iniae type ii produces a systemic disease, including a diffuse necrotizing myositis. the distribution of viable bacteria in infected tissues substantiated the pathological findings, confirming that s. iniae type ii is responsible for a generalized septic ... | 2004 | 15648844 |
| qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus salaris into the united kingdom. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on which it generally causes no clinical disease. infection of other strains of atlantic salmon in norway has resulted in high levels of juvenile salmon mortality and highly significant reductions in the population. the parasite is a major exotic disease threat to wild atlantic salmon in the uk. this paper qualitatively assesses the risk of introduction and establishment of g. salaris i ... | 2004 | 15648837 |
| monitoring ceratomyxa shasta infection during a hatchery rearing cycle: comparison of molecular, serological and histological methods. | the prevalence of ceratomyxa shasta infection in production stocks of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss and cutthroat trout o. clarki was monitored using a parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. for all 4 stocks of fish followed through their 1 yr rearing cycle, c. shasta infection was detected despite their genetic resistance to the disease and the treatment of the incoming water with ozone. infection was confirmed using serological methods and standard histological procedures, ex ... | 2004 | 15648834 |
| influence of natural organic matter source on acute copper, lead, and cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | natural organic matter (nom) was concentrated from various sites across canada using a portable reverse-osmosis unit to obtain a range of nom types, from mainly allochthonous (terrestrially derived) to mainly autochthonous (aquatically derived) nom. the addition of nom to cu exposures in ion-poor water always decreased cu toxicity to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, approximately 1 g) over a 96-h period, and the degree of protection varied with respect to nom source. a good correlation was fo ... | 2004 | 15648764 |
| effects of 4-tert-pentylphenol on the gene expression of p450 11beta-hydroxylase in the gonad of medaka (oryzias latipes). | alkylphenols including 4-tert-pentylphenol (4-pp) have been shown to alter sexual differentiation in fish due to their estrogenic properties. medaka (oryzias latipes) is so sensitive to these substances because morphological sex reversal and testis-ova induction are well developed in the exposed males. however, little work has been done to characterize the molecular effects of estrogenic substances on the morphological and gonadal feminization in male fish. cytochrome p450 11beta-hydroxylase (p4 ... | 2005 | 15642637 |
| contaminants as viral cofactors: assessing indirect population effects. | current toxicological methods often miss contaminant effects, particularly when immune suppression is involved. the failure to recognize and evaluate indirect and sublethal effects severely limits the applicability of those methods at the population level. in this study, the vitality model is used to evaluate the population level effects of a contaminant exerting only indirect, sublethal effects at the individual level. juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected with 2.5 or 10.0 ... | 2004 | 15642628 |
| cloning and characterization of a homologue of the alpha inhibitor of nf-kappab in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a homologue of ikappabalpha, the alpha member of the ikappab family of nf-kappab inhibitors, was identified in a rainbow trout suppression subtractive hybridization library enriched in sequences up-regulated in cultured leukocytes after lipopolysaccharide (lps) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) stimulation. the full-length cdna was isolated and sequenced. the predicted amino acid sequence is 61.5% similar and 54% identical to human ikappabalpha, while only 42% similar and 35% identical ... | 2005 | 15626457 |
| metabolic effects of exercise in the golden fish salminus maxillosus "dourado" (valenciennes, 1849). | strenuous exercise in fish is usually a consequence of migration, reproduction, and spawning. varying among fishes, this kind of stress is associated with blood glucose and lactate increase, in relation to which two major groups are distinguishable: the "lactate releasers" and "non-lactate releasers". unlike strenuous exercise, sustained swimming imposes a variety of effort that results in distinct kinetic types of blood lactate and glucose. compared to platichthys stellatus and oncorhynchus myk ... | 2004 | 15620004 |
| magnification and toxicity of pcbs, pcdds, and pcdfs in upriver-migrating pacific salmon. | the depletion of lipids associated with pre-spawning migration of pacific salmon has the potential to magnify concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (hocs), which elevates risk of toxic effects. we present data from a field study of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) migrating to spawn in great central lake, bc, which demonstrate that pre-spawning migration causes a magnification of pcb, pcdd, and pcdf concentrations in female gonads (1.9-2.5-fold), female soma (3.4-5.6-fold), and m ... | 2004 | 15597874 |
| molecular cloning and preliminary expression analysis of banded dogfish (triakis scyllia) cc chemokine cdnas by use of suppression subtractive hybridization. | suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out by using cdnas of peripheral white blood cells (pwbcs) of banded dogfish (triakis scyllia) after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) stimulation. the trsc-scya107, mip3alpha1 and mip3alpha2 clones contained an open reading frame encoding 97, 99 and 97 amino acids, respectively. comparison of the deduced amino acids showed that the banded dogfish mip3alpha1 and mip3alpha2 sequences shared 42.3% and 40.0% identity with human scya20, respectiv ... | 2004 | 15592825 |
| effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. there was no trout mortality for any of the expe ... | 2004 | 15588644 |
| plasmablast and plasma cell production and distribution in trout immune tissues. | these studies describe the in vitro and ex vivo generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood and splenic and anterior kidney tissues. cells were derived either from naive trout and cultured with the polyclonal activator, escherichia coli lps, or from trout that had been immunized with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. hydroxyurea was used to resolve populations of replicating (plasmablast) and nonreplicating (plasma cell) ab-secreting cells ... | 2004 | 15585855 |
| lack of evidence of infectious salmon anemia virus in pollock pollachius virens cohabitating with infected farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. | the infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus causes lethargy, anemia, hemorrhage of the internal organs, and death in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. it has been a cause of disease in norwegian farmed atlantic salmon since 1984 and has since been identified in canada, scotland, the united states, and the faroe islands. wild fish have been proposed as a viral reservoir because they are capable of close contact with farmed salmon. laboratory studies have shown that brown trout and sea trout salmo ... | 2004 | 15584421 |
| resistance against eye flukes: naïve versus previously infected fish. | a central issue in fish production is the influence of parasitic infections on fish health in fish farms and on survival prospects after fish-stocking into the wild. is it preferable to produce fish in infection-free conditions or to allow some infection to elicit resistance in fish? we explored the infection of totally naive and previously infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by the trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum in laboratory conditions. we found that up to 86.1% of the pres ... | 2005 | 15565463 |
| identification of the copepod intermediate host of the introduced broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, in southern chile. | the broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, is an exotic species in both chile and argentina, and until now, its copepod host has remained unknown in south american waters. the objective of this study was to identify calanoid copepod species that may be intermediate hosts for d. latum in lake panguipulli, chile. in this lake, the highest levels of infection by this tapeworm occur in the introduced rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. of the 2 calanoid copepods found in lake panguipulli, diap ... | 2004 | 15562630 |
| conserved deployment of genes during odontogenesis across osteichthyans. | odontogenesis has only been closely scrutinized at the molecular level in the mouse, an animal with an extremely restricted dentition of only two types and one set. however, within osteichthyans many species display complex and extensive dentitions, which questions the extent to which information from the mouse is applicable to all osteichthyans. we present novel comparative molecular and morphological data in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) that show that three genes, essential for muri ... | 2004 | 15556883 |
| tissue-specific cu bioaccumulation patterns and differences in sensitivity to waterborne cu in three freshwater fish: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) were exposed to copper (1-20 microm) in softened antwerp city tap water at ph 7.3 +/- 0.1 and with a water hardness of 292.4 +/- 8.1 mg/l caco(3) (ca 100.8 +/- 3.0 mg/l; mg 11.0 +/- 0.2 mg/l). lc50s (96 h) were determined and copper accumulation in gills, liver, and kidney assessed over a 10-day period. rainbow trout (96 h lc50: 3.3 microm/210 microg/l) were three times more sensitive to ... | 2004 | 15550275 |
| immune responses in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus jcm 1136. | this study was undertaken to examine the effect of supplementing a suggested probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus jcm 1136 in feed on immune response and gut flora composition of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the probiotic bacteria were incorporated into a commercial feed to constitute two experimental diets containing either 10(9) or 10(11) colony forming unit of live bacteria/g of feed while a third diet without the bacterial supplement served as the control diet. the diets were off ... | 2004 | 15541791 |
| eye fluke-induced cataract formation in fish: quantitative analysis using an ophthalmological microscope. | we examined the parasite-induced cataract formation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using slit-lamp microscopy to determine the relationship between cataract intensity and number of diplostomum spathaceum parasites that were established in the lens. cataract intensity increased significantly with parasite burden, but was also affected by the pattern of exposure to the parasite cercariae. the slit-lamp methodology proved useful in scoring the cataracts since it provides a 3-dimensional vie ... | 2004 | 15521636 |