Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [changes in reactivity of rat visual system during wake-sleep cycle]. | the changes in amplitude of primary responses evoked at cortical level by paired pulses delivered into the optic nerve, have been statistically compared during seven stages of sleep and wakefulness. results are in agreement with changes in reactivity observed by other authors in the cat; an unexpected but significant decrease in reactivity has however been obtained during eyemovements when compared with other periods of paradoxical sleep. | 1975 | 126727 |
| lung function in acute paraquat intoxication. | functional and morphological examination of the lungs was performed in rats 48 hours after intratracheal injection of 0.5 mg/kg of the herbicide paraquat. pronounced tachypnoea was observed (235+/-20 c/min), which also persisted under urethane anaesthesia (210+/-18 c/min). in control rats the mean breathing rate was 115+/-11 and 90+/-9 c/min in wake and anaesthetized rats respectively. the rate of breathing decreased to comparable values in experimental and control rats after bilateral cervical ... | 1975 | 128020 |
| the behavioral effects of l-methionine and related compounds in rats and mice. | several groups of investigators have reported that the administration of l-methionine, with or without a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, induced an acute florid psychotic reaction in 40 percent of schizophrenics tested. the mode of action of l-methionine in brain is unknown, but may be via one or more of three mechanisms: the excess methionine (i) may lead to the production by transmethylation of some psychotomimetic methylated derivative of dopamine or serotonin, or (ii) could result in an increas ... | 1975 | 164253 |
| the effects of various protein synthesis inhibitors on the sleep-wake cycle of rats. | the present investigation sought to determine the effects of anisomycin (a), chloramphenicol (cha), vincristine (v), and penicilline g on the sleep-wake cycle of rats. it was found that both high and low doses of anisomycin decreased rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, while only high doses of cha and v produced such a decrease. slow wave sleep (sws) was unaffected by these drugs. penicilline g, on the other hand, had no effect on the sleep-wake cycle. it was further shown that the reduction of rem ... | 1977 | 197558 |
| effect of a chronic tryptophan dietary deficiency on the rat's sleep-wake cycle. | the sleep-wake cycle of 12 tryptophan dietary deficient rats and their non-deficient paired controls were observed for a 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. period. eeg, emg and body activity were continuously monitored on polygraphic recordings throughout the 12 hr observation period. the results indicate no significant difference between the tryptophan deficient and sufficient animals in time spent awake, slow-wave or parodoxical sleep. there was a non-significant trend among the tryptophan deficient anima ... | 1978 | 204399 |
| daytime sleep-wake cycle in the rat. | 1978 | 217032 | |
| effects of a short light-dark cycle on the sleep-wake patterns of the cat. | the purpose of this study was to measure the effect of a short, 106 min, light-dark (ld) cycle on the sleep-wake (sw) patterns of the cat. eight cats prepared for chronic sleep studies were observed with electrographic tracings for 48 hr on a regular 12:12 hr ld schedule and again after 2 weeks of adaptation to a 27 min light and 79 min dark schedule. each 1 min of data was scored as either alert, drowsy, slow wave sleep (sws) or rem sleep. the parameters studied were percent electrographic stat ... | 1979 | 228374 |
| habituation of the eeg arousal response in rats: short- and long-term effects, frequency specificity, and wake--sleep transfer. | presentation of auditory stimuli over interstimulus intervals (isis) of several minutes to sleeping rats produced significant habituation of the electroencephalographic (eeg) arousal response. the arousal response habituated to an asymptote after only two or three stimulus presentations. little or no spontaneous recovery occurred between sessions separated by 24 or 72 hr. the habituation produced by a single stimulus presentation was retained for at least 24 hr, and orderly habituation was shown ... | 1978 | 730856 |
| effects of forebrain lesions on release of proteins from the midbrain reticular formation during the sleep-wake cycle. | 1976 | 947772 | |
| a new species of chigger (acarina: thrombiculidae) from the midway islands. | 1975 | 1159732 | |
| sleep and waking have a major effect on the 24-hr rhythm of cortical temperature in the rat. | the relationship between the time course of cortical temperature (tcrt) and sleep-wake alternation was investigated by correlation analyses and a computer simulation. the data for these analyses were collected in 10 rats in a 4-day experiment (ld 12:12), during which vigilance states and tcrt were determined for consecutive 8-sec epochs. on day 1 baseline recordings were obtained; on day 2 the animals were sleep-deprived; and days 3 and 4 served as recovery days. the correlation analyses reveale ... | 1992 | 1286205 |
| theta waves and behavioral manifestations of alertness and dreaming activity in the rat. | electro-oscillographic recordings show that when rats wake up, behavioral manifestations such as head dorsal extension and snout and eye movements (which occur in this sequence), occasionally followed by brief ear and limb twitches, are preceded by and are simultaneous with theta waves (around 6.5 hz in frequency) in neocortical areas 3 and 17 and in the hippocampus. heart rate increases when the animal passes from synchronized sleep to relaxed wakefulness to exploratory behavior. during desynch ... | 1992 | 1342605 |
| visual evoked potentials during spontaneously occurring spike-wave discharges in rats. | flash evoked visual potentials (veps) were recorded in freely moving wag/rij rats. these rats show spontaneously occurring spike-wave discharges in the eeg, interpreted as absence-like seizures. veps recorded during the presence of spike-wave discharges were compared with those obtained during normal states of vigilance as quiet wakefulness, slow-wave sleep and rem sleep. almost similar veps were recorded during wakefulness and rem sleep, whereas during slow-wave sleep the second positive peak ( ... | 1992 | 1372232 |
| sleep homeostasis in suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned rats: effects of sleep deprivation and triazolam administration. | the electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram of rats with lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scnx) were recorded during two series of 24-h baseline, 6-h sleep deprivation (sd), and 24-h recovery. at recovery onset, rats were injected i.p. with vehicle (veh) control solution or 0.4 mg/kg triazolam (trz) in a balanced crossover design. consecutive 10-s epochs were scored for vigilance states and eeg power spectra were computed. arousal states were uniformly distributed during 24-h baselin ... | 1992 | 1393593 |
| sleep deficits in rats after nmda receptor blockade. | n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor blockade disrupts a variety of functions associated with neural plasticity, including acquisition of learned responses and long-term potentiation. deficits in memory are significantly correlated with deficits in measures of paradoxical sleep in several amnesic populations. the present experiment therefore assessed whether npc 12626, a competitive nmda receptor antagonist, also disrupts sleep. npc 12626 (1, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or saline was administered to ... | 1992 | 1409928 |
| tumor necrosis factor-beta induces sleep, fever, and anorexia. | the enhanced sleep, fever, and anorexia experienced during general infections are attributed to the increased production of cytokines. cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) have characteristic somnogenic, pyrogenic, and anorectic effects. tnf-beta is closely related to tnf-alpha, and they share common receptors. the effects of tnf-beta on sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (tbr), and food intake were, however, heretofore unknown. we injected 0.5-200 ng t ... | 1992 | 1415661 |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone antibodies suppress sleep and prevent enhancement of sleep after sleep deprivation. | previous reports suggest that the hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh) promotes sleep, especially non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems). to evaluate the role of endogenous ghrh in sleep regulation, the effects of antibodies to rat ghrh (ghrh-ab) were studied on normal sleep, brain temperature (tbr), and gh secretion in experiment i and on enhanced sleep after sleep deprivation in experiment ii. in experiment i, affinity-purified ghrh-ab (50 and 200 micrograms) raised in goats and ... | 1992 | 1443226 |
| an animal model for delirium. | this study describes an animal model for delirium comparing rats treated with either saline or atropine. the model was defined by recordings of cortical eegs, maze performance, and behavioral observations. eeg slowing and increased amplitude, difficulty with attention and memory, sleep-wake cycle reversal, and changes in behavior (lack of focused direction, irritability, fluctuating levels of activity, excessive random sniffing) appeared consistent with signs and symptoms seen in human delirium. ... | 1992 | 1461966 |
| age-variant and age-invariant rhythmicities in the cortical and hippocampal electrical activities of neonatal rats. | the neocortical and hippocampal electrical activities were studied in 8, 15, 22, and 29-day-old rats. segments of eeg recorded for 4 hours were analyzed by means of fast fourier transformation. the sleep-wake activity stages were determined. the developments in the neocortical and hippocampal eeg activities were characterized by the gradual appearance of adult-like eeg waves and a shift towards higher frequencies in the theta wave range of the hippocampal electrical activity. the power value in ... | 1992 | 1478115 |
| antiserum to prolactin decreases rapid eye movement sleep (rem sleep) in the male rat. | previous reports suggest that blood-born prolactin (prl) may selectively promote rapid eye movement sleep (rems). to study the possible involvement of endogenous prl in sleep regulation, rats were systemically injected with either antiserum to prl or normal rabbit serum, and the sleep-wake activity was determined during the subsequent 12-h light cycle. the administration of normal rabbit serum in physiological saline did not alter sleep-wake activity compared to control recordings, whereas the p ... | 1992 | 1484861 |
| neuronal firing in the nucleus accumbens is associated with the level of cortical arousal. | because of evidence that the nucleus accumbens mediates the activating effects of many drugs, this study examined the hypothesis that the firing rates of individual nucleus accumbens neurons are positively correlated with spontaneous changes in behavioral arousal that occur during the sleep-wake cycle. the present report examined the firing patterns of 80 neurons in the nucleus accumbens of unanesthetized, unrestrained rats during various electrographically determined levels of arousal. synaptic ... | 1992 | 1488114 |
| effects of an eight-hour advance of the light-dark cycle on sleep-wake rhythm in the rat. | we observed effects of an 8-h advance of the light-dark (ld) cycle on the sleep-wake rhythm in the rat. on the day phase-advanced, rapid eye movement (rem) sleep increased with its enhanced diurnal amplitude. non-rem (nrem) sleep gradually increased in parallel with the decrease of its diurnal amplitude. although the acrophase of nrem sleep gradually advanced after the phase advance, that of rem sleep did not significantly change. we confirmed that diurnal rhythm of rem sleep was hardly shifted ... | 1992 | 1584456 |
| ultradian and circadian changes in the camp concentration in the preoptic region of the rat. | the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was measured, during the wake-sleep cycle, in the preoptic region and the cerebral cortex of rats kept in normal laboratory conditions (ambient temperature 22 +/- 0.5 degrees c, 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle) and, during wakefulness, in the preoptic region of rats exposed to extended light and dark periods (i.e. dark in the light hours of the normal photoperiod, and light in the dark hours of the normal photoperiod). the results show that th ... | 1991 | 1655158 |
| cholinergic modulation of responses to glutamate in the thalamic reticular nucleus of the anesthetized rat. | neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (trn) of the chloral hydrate-anesthetized rat were studied with extracellular recording and microiontophoretic application of cholinergic agents. in most cases (63%), the ejection of the agonist, carbachol, had no observable effect on spontaneous activity, and in an additional 33% of cases was observed to inhibit discharge rate. carbachol ejections with identical current and duration parameters proved capable of antagonizing the uniformly facilitatory re ... | 1991 | 1684131 |
| spike-wave discharges and sleep-wake states in rats with absence epilepsy. | the occurrence of spike-wave discharges was studied in relation to the daily fluctuations of vigilance level in rats. eight rats of the wag/rij strain, an animal model for idiopathic generalized epilepsy of the absence type, which were equipped with cortical eeg and nuchal emg electrodes, served as subjects. it was found that spike-wave discharges predominantly occur during light slow wave sleep and passive wakefulness. rem sleep, active wakefulness, and deep slow wave sleep are less susceptible ... | 1991 | 1743184 |
| cholecystokinin promotes sleep and reduces food intake in diabetic rats. | it has been reported that systemic injections of cholecystokinin (cck) elicit the behavioral characteristics of satiety, including sleep, in rats. cck is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion, and insulin is hypothesized to be involved in sleep and feeding regulation. the purpose of the current experiments was to study the possible role of endogenous insulin in the food-intake-reducing and hypnogenic effects of intraperitoneally (ip) administered cck. normal and streptozotocin (str)-diabetic ... | 1991 | 1745688 |
| serotonin and behavior: emphasis on motor control. | electrophysiologic studies of brain serotonergic neurons in behaving animals indicate that their activity is closely related to the sleep-wake-arousal cycle and to certain specific types of repetitive motor activity. a variety of other environmental and physiologic manipulations are ineffective in altering the activity of this neurochemical system. an attempt is made to relate these results to well-known involvement of brain serotonin in human affective disorders. | 1991 | 1752856 |
| intraperitoneal injection of cholecystokinin elicits sleep in rabbits. | cholecystokinin (cck) reduces food intake and promotes non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems) in rats. the purpose of present experiments was to determine if cck is somnogenic in rabbits; another species in which cck suppresses feeding. white new zealand rabbits were treated intracerebroventricularly (icv; 0.05, 0.5 and 2 micrograms) or intraperitoneally (ip; 2.5, 10 and 40 micrograms/kg) with cck or saline, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature (tbr) were recorded for 6 h. injections of 1 ... | 1991 | 1798781 |
| triazolam-induced sleep in the rat: influence of prior sleep, circadian time, and light/dark cycles. | rats entrained to 12-h on /12-h off light schedule and injected with triazolam 0.4 mg/kg at the mid-point of their activity phase (6 h after lights out: circadian time = ct-18) had a stronger hypnotic response than animals free-running in constant dark injected at the equivalent circadian time. in contrast, entrained rats injected 5 h after lights on (ct-5) showed increased wake after injection relative to baseline, largely due to rem sleep inhibition. hypnotic efficacy was found to be inversely ... | 1991 | 1798833 |
| sleep-wake regulation by pgd2 and e2. | 1991 | 1825402 | |
| the role of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp) in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle in parachlorophenylalanine (p-cpa) pretreated rat: a multiple approach study. | in the rat, the insomnia which follows the administration of parachlorophenylalanine (p-cpa), a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, is transiently reversed either by intra-cisternal injection of l-5-htp or by an associated injection of 5-htp and an l-aromatic-acid-decarboxylase inhibitor (benserazide). histochemical, immunohistochemical and chemical investigations showed that 5-htp administration does not lead to a detectable increase in cerebral 5-ht. these findings suggest that the restoration of s ... | 1991 | 1836762 |
| absence epilepsy and the level of vigilance in rats of the wag/rij strain. | in man, a relationship exists between sleep-wake states and absence epilepsy. during wakefulness, spike-wave discharges predominantly occur when the level of vigilance is not high, while during sleep they have a preference to occur during slow-wave sleep. during this latter type of sleep, spike-wave discharges prevail in periods where slow-wave sleep is light. in a series of experiments, the wag/rij rat model for absence epilepsy was characterized with respect to the relationships between the le ... | 1991 | 1906586 |
| molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation: roles of prostaglandins d2 and e2. | although sleep-wake cycles are repeated every day and night and almost one-third of our lifetime is spent sleeping, the molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation have remained little understood. recent experimental evidence indicates that prostaglandins (pg) d2 and e2 are probably two of the major endogenous sleep-regulating substances, one promoting sleep and the other wakefulness, in rats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, and probably in humans as well. preliminary evidence indicates that the sites ... | 1991 | 1907936 |
| differential effects of m2 and m3 muscarinic antagonists on the sleep-wake cycle. | to study the role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in sleep control, methoctramine (25, 50, 75 micrograms), a highly selective m2 antagonist, was injected intra-cerebroventricularly into freely moving rats. methoctramine induced a dose-dependent increase in desynchronized sleep (ds) latency (from 62.7 +/- 10 min following saline to 122.4 +/- 13.8 min with the lowest dose) and a 75% decrease in the amount of ds in 6 h recordings. 4damp (a m3/m1 selective antagonist) did not significantly change ds ... | 1991 | 1912471 |
| inhibition of sleep in rats by inorganic selenium compounds, inhibitors of prostaglandin d synthase. | prostaglandin (pg) d2 has been postulated to be an endogenous sleep-promoting factor in rats, and secl4 and na2seo3 recently have been shown to inhibit the pgd synthase (prostaglandin-h2 d-isomerase, ec 5.3.99.2) activity of rat brain. the effect of these selenium compounds on sleep-wake activities was examined in freely moving rats along with their effects on brain temperature, food and water intake, and behavior. test substances were administered for 6 hr into the third ventricle of rats, usin ... | 1991 | 1924366 |
| sleep changes induced by the local application of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the nodose ganglia and aortic denervation in the rat. | the effects of a bilateral microinjection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-dht) into the nodose ganglia and aortic denervation on the daily amounts of sleep/wake states were studied in rats. both lesions produced an increase in paradoxical sleep and provoked the onset of paradoxical sleep episodes without slow-wave-sleep transition ("narcolepsy-like" paradoxical sleep episodes). the increase in paradoxical sleep observed after 5,7-dht injection was more important than that of the aortic denervati ... | 1991 | 1945758 |
| behavioural characteristics of sleep in rats under different light/dark conditions. | in the light, rats tend to sleep with curled-up body and closed eyes, while in the dark they tend to sleep more stretched out and often with open eyes. these differences in posture may be caused by the differences in light intensity or by a diurnal rhythm. to study this, rats were provided with eeg and emg electrodes for sleep classification and two housing conditions were created. one group of rats was maintained on a light/twilight schedule, while another group lived on a twilight/dark schedul ... | 1991 | 1946735 |
| alpha-interferon modifies cortical eeg activity: dose-dependence and antagonism by naloxone. | activation of the immune system is believed to provide signals in the form of chemical messengers that are able to change neural activity in a variety of regions of the central nervous system. in studies designed to examine the effects of alpha-interferon (alpha-ifn) upon the central nervous system, recordings of cortical eeg were made following intracerebroventricular injection of various doses of the cytokine. administration of 25 u of alpha-ifn increased the amount of wake and decreased the a ... | 1990 | 1965206 |
| sleep variables are unaltered by zolantidine in rats: are histamine h2-receptors not involved in sleep regulation? | the effects of the h1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine and the brain-penetrating h2-receptor antagonist zolantidine were studied in rats implanted for chronic sleep recordings. diphenhydramine (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) significantly increased slow wave sleep and decreased wakefulness. zolantidine (0.25-8.0 mg/kg) had no significant effects on any of the sleep parameters examined. one possibility is that zolantidine did not enter the brain in sufficient concentration to produce significant changes on sl ... | 1990 | 1977498 |
| proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-derived peptides and sleep in the rat. part 1--hypnogenic properties of acth derivatives. | the sleep-wake effects of the proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-derived peptides, i.c.v. injected, are reported. adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth, 1 microgram) induces an awakening effect, while its two derivatives, desacetyl-alpha-msh (des-alpha-msh, 1ng) and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (clip, 10 ng), are respectively able to increase slow wave sleep (sws) and paradoxical sleep (ps); the hypnogenic effect of clip is also observed in hypophysectomized rats. furthermore, two hypothalam ... | 1990 | 1981927 |
| the in vivo and in vitro activity of ahr-13268d, a new antiallergic/antihistaminic agent. | ahr-13268d (4-[3-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)hydroxymethyl]-1- piperidinyl]propoxy]benzoic acid, sodium salt) is a potent, long-acting water soluble, antiallergic and antihistaminic agent. ahr-13268d protects sensitive guinea pigs from collapse induced by aerosolized antigen; 1, 5, and 24 h ed50s in the test were 0.27, 0.25, 0.93 mg/kg, po, respectively. ahr-13268d was also active when given as an aerosol, the 1 h ed50 = 0.29%. in the rat passivefoot anaphylaxis test. ahr-13268d was slightly more act ... | 1990 | 1982201 |
| interleukin 1 alters rat sleep: temporal and dose-related effects. | rats received various doses of interleukin 1 (il-1) (range, 0.5-25.0 ng) or pyrogen-free saline intracerebroventricularly during the rest (light) and the active (dark) cycles of the day, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature were determined for 6 h. low doses of il-1 (0.5 ng at night, 2.5 ng during the day) increased both the duration of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems) and electroencephalogram (eeg) slow-wave activity during nrems episodes. increasing doses of il-1 had divergent eff ... | 1991 | 1992828 |
| sleep in diabetic rats: effects of interleukin 1. | previous observations indicate that both interleukin 1 beta (il-1 beta) and insulin are involved in sleep regulation. il-1 beta has been reported to stimulate insulin secretion, suggesting that some of the effects of il-1 beta are mediated by insulin. the purpose of the current experiments was to study the possible role of endogenous insulin in physiological sleep regulation and in the hypnogenic effects of exogenously administered il-1 beta. isotonic saline or il-1 beta (2.5 ng) was intracerebr ... | 1991 | 2035711 |
| effects of ethanol inhalation on eeg in rats. | effects of ethanol on duration of stages of sleep-wake cycle and eeg power spectra were measured during a 2-h exposure in a dynamic inhalational chamber in rats. rats were exposed to one of four graded concentrations (approx. 100, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm) of ethanol on different days. ethanol was found to increase the duration of waking (w) with a decrease in duration of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep at 100 and 400 ppm. no effect was observed at 800 and 1600 ppm on the stages of sleep-wake cycle ... | 1991 | 2057499 |
| sleep continuity and the rem-nonrem cycle in the rat under baseline conditions and after sleep deprivation. | wakefulness, nonrapid eye movement sleep (nonrems) and rems of rats were scored in 4-s epochs during the first 8 h of the 12-h light period of a baseline (bl) day and during recovery (rec) from 24-h sleep deprivation (sd). vigilance state continuity was investigated by analyzing the distribution of state episodes. after sd, state continuity was enhanced. the reduced occurrence of short wake episodes resulted in a consolidation of sleep states. the distribution of the rem-nonrem cycle length show ... | 1991 | 2062936 |
| rates of cerebral protein synthesis are linked to slow wave sleep in the rat. | using l-[1-14c]leucine autoradiography, rates of cerebral and local cerebral protein synthesis were studied during wakefulness, slow wave sleep (sws) and rem sleep in the rat. in the cerebrum as a whole, the rate at which labelled leucine was incorporated into tissues was positively correlated with the occurrence of slow wave sleep. we failed to observe a significant correlation of protein synthesis rate with either wakefulness or rem sleep. as in the cerebrum as a whole, most discrete brain reg ... | 1990 | 2082375 |
| effects of alternating 45-min light-dark cycles on sleep in the rat. | we studied the effect of alternating 45-min light-dark (l-d) cycles on sleep in rats. introduction of short l-d cycles did not abolish the normal circadian rhythm of sleep-wake activity. the amount of non-rem sleep was however increased in the l and decreased in the d 45-min periods. rem was promoted in the d and inhibited in the l 45-min periods. the influence of l-d or d-l transitions depended on the sleep wake activity immediately before the transition. | 1990 | 2100102 |
| sleep during acute dopamine d1 agonist skf 38393 or d1 antagonist sch 23390 administration in rats. | the effect of the d1 dopamine (da) receptor agonist skf 38393 was compared with that produced by the d1-receptor antagonist, sch 23390, in rats implanted with electrodes for chronic sleep recordings. skf 38393 (0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg) significantly suppressed rapid-eye-movement sleep (rems) after the highest dose. sch 23390 (0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg) increased slow-wave sleep (sws), whereas wakefulness (w) and rems were decreased. pretreatment with skf 38393 (0.5 mg/kg) prevented the effects of sch 23390 (0.2 ... | 1990 | 2141985 |
| chloramphenicol modifies benzodiazepine receptor rhythm in the pontomesencephalic formation of the rat. | pontomesencephalic benzodiazepine (bz) receptors were measured at 4 h intervals throughout a 24 h day, and compared with those in frontal cortex, using [3h]diazepam binding. animals were treated with saline, chloramphenicol (cap) or thiamphenicol (tap). an ultradian rhythm of receptors was observed in both cases, which was abolished by cap but not by tap. saturation curves and scatchard analysis indicated decreased binding was due to a decrease in the number of receptors. cap effect on rem sleep ... | 1990 | 2165436 |
| the short-term effects of dl-propranolol on the wake-sleep cycle of the rat are related to selective changes in preoptic cyclic amp concentration. | the short-term effects of the intraperitoneal administration of dl-propranolol on the wake-sleep cycle of the rat were studied in relation to the cyclic amp concentration in the preoptic region and cerebral cortex. the results show that propranolol, but not saline, affected all stages of the wake-sleep cycle, increasing wakefulness, decreasing synchronized sleep and abolishing desynchronized sleep. these effects were associated with a decrement in cyclic amp concentration both in wakefulness and ... | 1990 | 2168318 |
| [changes in the oxygen tension level in different brain structures of rats in the waking-sleep cycle]. | changes of oxygen tension level (po2) in the visual cortex, dorsal hippocampus, lateral hypothalamus and central grey substance were studied during wake-sleep cycle in rats. the dependence was established of po2 level changes on the character of behavioural reactions and on the accompanying hippocampal eeg activity: during orienting-investigatory and active defensive behaviour and also during paradoxical sleep, accompanied by hippocampal theta rhythm, po2 level increased; during passive-defensiv ... | 1990 | 2169159 |
| relationship between camp concentration in anterior hypothalamic-preoptic region and the ultradian wake-sleep cycle. | in the rat anterior hypothalamic-preoptic region adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration changes during the ultradian wake-sleep cycle. the administration of dl-propranolol and the exposure to low ambient temperature decreased the nucleotide concentration and also modified the wake-sleep cycle. this suggests that in this region a biochemical correlation exists with different functional states. | 1990 | 2170491 |
| responsiveness of rats to interleukin-1: effects of monosodium glutamate treatment of neonates. | monosodium glutamate (msg) treatment of neonatal rats results in degenerative lesions of the medial basal hypothalamus, particularly the arcuate nucleus (an). the an is rich in corticotropin-releasing hormone (crf) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone/alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh). these substances are part of a negative feedback mechanism for the regulation of interleukin-1 (il1), a cytokine with diverse biologic actions including a role in sleep regulation. the purpose of these ... | 1990 | 2176294 |
| sensitivity of eeg in young rats to toluene exposure. | effects of toluene on the electroencephalogram (eeg) and its power spectra were measured during a 2-hr exposure in a dynamic inhalational chamber in young rats (30-53 days old) and compared to those in adult rats (63-77 days old). rats were exposed to one of the three concentrations [low (108-111 ppm), medium (160-163 ppm), and high (407-432 ppm)] of toluene on different days. in tests on sleep-wake cycle, in the young animals the duration of the wake stage (w) was increased with decreases of ra ... | 1990 | 2217506 |
| effect of repeated application of nootropic drugs on sleep in rats. | the effects of repeated application of nootropic drugs on the sleep-wake cycle were investigated in rats. piracetam, meclofenoxate and pyritinol were injected intraperitoneally, 100 mg/kg per day, during a period of 10 days. the sleep-wake cycle was recorded each day between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. repeated administration of piracetam and meclofenoxate led to an increase of the paradoxical sleep, a decrease of waking, and a very small increase of slow-wave sleep. pyritinol, on the other hand, decrease ... | 1990 | 2271011 |
| [prostaglandin e2 and d2: opponents in the regulation of the sleep-wake rhythm?]. | 1990 | 2304416 | |
| development of a computer program classifying rat sleep stages. | we developed a simple and precise program for the on-line judgement of the sleep stages of four rats simultaneously for an unlimited period, using a commercially available general purpose signal processor (nec-sanei 7t17; 32-bit, 5 mhz, 4 mbyte, 1 mbyte 1 floppy disc drive). eeg and emg were recorded with an 8-channel polygraph (nec-sanei, system 380) through electrodes chronically implanted into the brain. the signals were a/d converted every ms and integrated for 2760 ms after full-wave rectif ... | 1990 | 2319814 |
| hypoxia-induced sleep disturbance in rats. | the effects of varying degrees of hypoxia on sleep-wake organization were studied in rats prepared for chronic electrophysiological recording. the influence of piracetam (75, 50, and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydergine (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) on sleep-wake organization in 10.5% oxygen was also investigated. the sleep-wake organization of rats under the effect of 15.5% oxygen content was unchanged, compared to that of normoxic control. more extreme hypoxia (12.6 and 10.5% oxygen) produced dramatic ... | 1990 | 2356393 |
| glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation in the liver of exercised rats. | glutathione-s-transferase (gst), superoxide dismutase (sod), xanthine oxidase, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gpxi), catalase activities and malondialdehyde (mda) content were determined in liver of three groups of exercised rats (e) viz., one day (e1), 10 days (e10) and 60 days (e60). gst, sod and xanthine oxidase activities increased significantly with the increase in exercise period. lipid peroxidation, expressed in terms of mda formation, also increased in the liver of all the th ... | 1990 | 2386536 |
| effects of t cycles of light/darkness and periodic forced activity on methamphetamine-induced rhythms in intact and scn-lesioned rats: explanation by an hourglass-clock model. | in this study intact and suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn)-lesioned female rats were treated with chronic methamphetamine (ma) via the drinking water. body temperature, feeding, drinking and wheel-running activity were continuously and automatically recorded. the rats were subjected to light-dark (ld) cycles with period t = 23 hr for 4 months and subsequently t = 25 hr for 3 months. daily 3-hr forced activity (fa 3:21) was imposed during a few weeks under both ld regimes. ma induced infradian rhythms ... | 1990 | 2388949 |
| propagation and collision characteristics of calcium waves in rat myocytes. | in myocytes, local contractions occur spontaneously and propagate as traveling waves. we observed the waves in myocytes as local changes in fura-2 fluorescence and determined some characteristics of the wave. myocytes were enzymatically isolated from rat left ventricles and incubated with 2 microm fura-2/am for 60 min. microscopic fluorescence images of myocytes were recorded with a high-sensitivity video camera. the images were digitally analyzed, frame by frame, and temporal changes in local f ... | 1990 | 2396699 |
| [comparison of the effects of dsip and sp 1-11 on stress-induced chronic sleep disorders in rats]. | in the present paper the effects of substance p (sp1-11, arg-pro-lys-pro-gln-gln-phe-phe-gly-leu-metnh2) and delta sleep inducing peptide (dsip, trp-ala-gly-gly-asp-ala-ser-gly-glu) to normalize the deprivation of sleep in chronically stressed rats with hyposomnia were investigated. the results indicated that sp1-11 is more potent than dsip in rats with stress-induced hyposomnia. different effects were found in the duration of sleep, the percentage of sleep phases compared to wake phases, the rh ... | 1987 | 2440061 |
| [opposite variations of extracellular concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa) measured by voltammetry of axonal terminals and cell bodies of the dorsal raphe nucleus through the sleep-wake cycle]. | differential pulse voltammetry was used for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa) detection in the rat caudate (n. cd) and raphe dorsalis (n. rd) nuclei, in chronic experimental conditions. in the anterior and ventral part of n. rd, large increases in the extracellular concentrations of 5-hiaa were reported during slow wave sleep (sws) and paradoxical sleep (ps) whereas a decrease occurred during waking. these variations could reflect the dendritic release of serotonin. in n. cd, opposite variatio ... | 1988 | 2464425 |
| sleep state-specific neuronal activity in rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is not altered by local serotonin and norepinephrine depletion. | the relay cells in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn) represent one among many populations of neurons throughout the neuraxis that display systematic alteration of spontaneous rate and pattern of discharge concurrent with change in state of arousal. both noradrenergic (ne) and serotonergic (5-ht) systems innervate dlgn and are implicated in sleep-wake control mechanisms. our study was designed to test the influence of these systems upon sleep state-related multiple unit activity in the dlg ... | 1989 | 2494051 |
| [role of hypothalamic adenosinergic systems in regulating states of wakefulness in the rat]. | immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase (ada), marker for the putative neurotransmitter/neuromodulator adenosine, has revealed a population of ada-positive neurons in the ventrolateral hypothalamus in the rat brain. these posterior neurons possess adenosine uptake sites. we have studied the effects of local injections of adenosinergic drugs on the sleep-wake cycle in the rat. microinjection of erythro-9-(hydroxy-2, nonyl-3) adenine (ehna), a specific inhibitor of adenosine deamin ... | 1989 | 2499406 |
| [the effect of valproic acid on sleep structure and ethanol consumption in rats with various types of individual reactivity before and after stress exposure]. | the influence of valproic acid on sleep structure and alcohol motivation was studied in pretyped rats prior and following rem sleep deprivation. during eeg recording of wake-sleep cycle valporoic acid was shown to produce hypnotic action dependent on drug dosage in high active and low active animals. there was also shown that following rem sleep deprivation low active animals significantly reduced ethanol consumption under valproic acid influence. it seems likely from the results obtained that v ... | 1989 | 2514811 |
| the influence of the light-dark and wake-sleep cycles on preoptic camp concentration in the rat. | the concentration of camp was measured in the preoptic region of rats sleeping at normal laboratory conditions (12:12 h ld, ta 22 +/- 0.5 degrees c). the results show that the nucleotide concentration changed both during the circadian ld cycle and during the ultradian wake-sleep cycle. | 1989 | 2547403 |
| the effect of propranolol on camp concentration in the rat preoptic region during the wake-sleep cycle. | in control conditions preoptic camp concentration during wakefulness was significantly higher than during synchronized sleep. no differences in nucleotide concentration were observed in the cerebral cortex. propranolol decreases brain camp concentration. this change was associated with the suppression of the difference observed between wakefulness and synchronized sleep in the preoptic region. | 1989 | 2547404 |
| the cholinergic influence upon rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is dependent on state of arousal. | several lines of evidence suggest a role for acetylcholine (ach) in mediating the effects of state of arousal on transfer of visual information through the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). local application of cholinergic agonists to geniculate relay cells in anesthetized cats and rats produces predominantly facilitatory effects. this indicates that presynaptic release of ach may be responsible for the increased excitability of lgn relay cells that is observed during waking and rem sleep. in th ... | 1989 | 2570623 |
| effects of sex, thyro-parathyroidectomy, and light regime on levels and circadian rhythms of wheel-running in rats. | intact and thyro-parathyroidectomized (tpx) sprague-dawley rats of both sexes were observed for 24 days under a 12:12 light:dark cycle (entrainment), followed by 20 days in constant dim red light (free-run). circadian periods and levels of wheel-running activity were examined. intact females and tpx males were significantly more active and had significantly shorter free-running circadian periods than intact males, and the effects of tpx in females were different from those in males. circadian pe ... | 1989 | 2623053 |
| changes in vasopressin neurons and fibers in aging and alzheimer's disease: reversibility in the rat. | the neuropeptide vasopressin (vp) is released from the neurohypophysis into the circulation where it acts as antidiuretic hormone on the kidney. in addition, vp is present in nerve cells and fibers in several areas in the rodent and primate brain where it acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. in the human brain a marked decrease in total cell number and vp cell number was observed in senescence in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the hypothalamic nucleus regulating circadian rhythms. this de ... | 1989 | 2690091 |
| decreased slow-wave and paradoxical sleep in a rat chronic pain model. | diurnal sleep-wake patterns in the normal and the adjuvant arthritic rat were measured during the first 3 h of both light and dark periods. during the hours of maximal sleep in the normal rat, arthritic rats showed a significant increase in wakefulness (wake), a shift to non-rapid-eye-movement (nrem) stages with lower amplitudes (ls and hs1), and a large reduction of nrem sleep with the highest-amplitude (hs2) and paradoxical sleep. arthritic rats also showed marked sleep fragmentation manifeste ... | 1989 | 2711092 |
| awaking effect of prostaglandin e2 in freely moving rats. | the awaking effect of prostaglandin (pg) e2 was further examined in a long-term bioassay system. pge2 in saline solution was infused between 11.00 and 17.00 h at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 pmol/min (infusion volume 10 microliters/h) into the third cerebral ventricle of freely moving rats. these rats were otherwise infused with saline continuously and exhibited a circadian cycle, spending 70% of the daytime and 37% of the night in sleep. in the rats that received pge2 infusion at 1, 10, and 100 pmol/min ... | 1989 | 2720378 |
| suppressant effects of selective 5-ht2 antagonists on rapid eye movement sleep in rats. | the effects of the novel, highly selective serotonin-2 (5-ht2) antagonists, ici 169,369 and ici 170,809, on 24 h eeg sleep-wake activity were studied in the rat. both compounds caused a dose-related increase in the latency to rapid eye movement sleep (rems) and significantly suppressed cumulative rems time up to 12 h postinjection. in contrast, neither drug disrupted slow-wave sleep continuity in as much as the latency to non-rems (nrems) and cumulative nrems time were unchanged. however, at the ... | 1989 | 2720415 |
| neurobehavioral teratogenic effects of clomipramine and alpha-methyldopa. | neonatal treatment of rats with centrally acting drugs such as clomipramine was shown to affect adult body and brain weight, behavior and sleep. we made a further study of the effects of clomipramine and tested one dose of alpha-methyldopa. male rats were treated twice daily with saline, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg clomipramine or 100 mg/kg alpha-methyldopa from postnatal day 2-14 and tested in adulthood for effects on acquisition of radial maze behavior, on problem solving behavior in hebb-williams mazes, ... | 1989 | 2725445 |
| evidence that brain prostaglandin e2 is involved in physiological sleep-wake regulation in rats. | we reported in previous studies that prostaglandin e2 (pge2) has central effects of augmenting wakefulness and suppressing slow-wave sleep (sws) and paradoxical sleep (ps) in rats. in the present study, we tested the effect of ah 6809, an antagonist of pge2 receptors, on sleep-wake activities. ah 6809 in saline was infused continuously into the third ventricle of freely moving rats at a rate of 2.1, 6.3, and 21 pmol/min from 2300 to 0500 hr. during the infusion at 21 pmol/min, wakefulness decrea ... | 1989 | 2748610 |
| prolactin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and peptide histidine methionine elicit selective increases in rem sleep in rabbits. | the purpose of these experiments was to determine whether (1) vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) produces effects on rabbit sleep similar to those reported for rats and cats; (2) peptide histidine methionine (phm), a peptide closely related to vip, mimics the sleep effects of vip; and (3) pituitary prolactin (prl), a pituitary hormone that has a sleep-related secretory pattern and for which vip and phm act as releasing factors, has similar effects on sleep. vip or phm (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 nmol/kg ... | 1989 | 2765864 |
| [brucella clearance as a sensitive method for the detection of cross reactions of brucella abortus with yersinia enterocolitica 03, 06, 09 and salmonella urbana and salmonella abony]. | determination of the brucella clearance rate has proved to enable assessment of brucella immune reaction in rat, even after vaccination with yersiniae and salmonellae. vaccination with yersinia (y.) enterocolitica o6 and o9 produced 95 per cent of "high responders", whereas 65 per cent of "high responders" and 25 per cent of "non-responders" were recorded in the wake of o3. salmonella (s.) urbana vaccination gave 50 per cent of "high responders" and 27 per cent of "non-responders", while 100 per ... | 1989 | 2774825 |
| metabolic diversions in the oxidative metabolism of hepatic and neuronal systems of rat (wistar strain) under induced benthiocarb stress. | metabolic diversions in oxidative metabolism of hepatic and neuronal systems of rat were noticed during induced benthiocarb stress. the inhibition of dehydrogenases indicates disturbed mitochondrial integrity, and reduction in cytochrome-c-oxidase suggests possible respiratory distress. the drop in atpases and pnppase indicates the prevalence of energy crisis. the increased specific activities of nadp+ dependent dehydrogenases suggests augmented lipid biosynthesis in the wake of impaired oxidati ... | 1989 | 2818608 |
| desensitization of adenosine a2 receptors in the striatum of the rat following chronic treatment with diazepam. | following prolonged treatment (7 days) with diazepam (10 mg/kg/day, using alzet mini-osmotic pumps) in rats, the function of adenosine receptors was assessed in specific structures of the brain, using both agonist ligand binding and adenylate cyclase assays. binding to a1 receptors was quantified using [3h]n6-[(r)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] adenosine, a selective ligand at a1 receptors. differences in the binding of this ligand and that of [3h]5'-n-ethylcarboxamide adenosine, which binds to both a1 ... | 1988 | 2849727 |
| pharmacological properties of (n-dicyclopropylmethyl) amino-2-oxazoline (s 3341), an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. | pharmacological actions of (n-dicyclopropylmethyl)-amino-2-oxazoline (s 3341), an agonist of alpha-2 adrenoceptors, were examined in acute animal studies. in the normotensive anaesthetized dog s 3341 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) produced an initial transient increase followed by a marked, prolonged fall in mean arterial pressure (map) of 20 mmhg. central actions of s 3341 were demonstrated by administration of low doses into the vertebral artery of the anaesthetized dog. a rapid and marked fall in map resu ... | 1985 | 2866274 |
| effect of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. | three alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists with different subtype selectivity were administered ip at the beginning of the light period of the illumination cycle to rats whose sleep-wake pattern was subsequently recorded for 12 hours. yohimbine (1 mg/kg) initially increased active wakefulness but did not affect rem sleep. phentolamine (10 mg/kg) and prazosin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) increased the amount of rem sleep during the latter half of the light period. the mechanism of this delayed increase in rem s ... | 1986 | 2871563 |
| neurochemical and electrophysiological disturbances mediate developmental behavioral alterations produced by medicines. | many centrally acting drugs which are prescribed for hypertension, depression, epilepsy, insomnia and asthma may also affect fetal brain neurotransmission and behavioral states. nearly all these drugs enter the fetal circulation following maternal administration. the immaturity of the blood-brain barrier and greater accumulation in the developing brain make the fetal brain a major target of its mother's medication. adverse effects that are seen in the fetus are not necessarily evident in its mot ... | 1985 | 2872604 |
| the effects of buspirone on sleep in the rat. | buspirone is a novel anxiolytic compound that does not produce the sedation often associated with the use of benzodiazepines. the present study evaluated the effects of this anxiolytic on sleep in rats surgically prepared for long-term recordings. buspirone, at a dose of 3 mg/kg i.p., produced a significant increase in total wake time (p less than 0.05) compared with drug-free controls. at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p., rats displayed altered sleep patterns with the most significant effects observed i ... | 1986 | 2880319 |
| a single human gene encoding multiple tyrosine hydroxylases with different predicted functional characteristics. | catecholaminergic systems in discrete regions of the brain are thought to be important in affective psychoses, learning and memory, reinforcement and sleep-wake cycle regulation. tyrosine hydroxylase (th) is the first enzyme in the pathway of catecholamine synthesis. its importance is reflected in the diversity of the mechanisms that have been described which control its activity; th levels vary both during development and as a function of the activity of the nervous system. recently, we deduced ... | 1987 | 2882428 |
| early postnatal deprivation of active sleep with desipramine or zimeldine impairs later behavioural reactivity to auditory stimuli in rats. | to examine the functional significance of early postnatal active sleep for the development of behavioural reactivity to auditory stimuli, rat pups were daily injected i.p. from the 7th to the 18th postnatal days with 5 mg kg-1 (6.6 mmol l-1) desipramine or 25 mg kg-1 (12.2 mmol l-1) zimeldine. sleep-wake behaviour was recorded with a static-charge-sensitive bed (scsb) method. both desipramine and zimeldine suppressed the percentage of active sleep relative to the total recording time throughout ... | 1988 | 2976228 |
| pgo waves and insomnia in pcpa-treated rats. | the serotonin-depleting drug, parachlorophenylalanine (pcpa), in a dosage of 300 mg/kg, was administered to rats in an effort to test the hypothesis that altered distribution of pgo waves following drug treatment may be responsible for the sleep disruption and consequent sleep loss that accompany decreased serotonin levels. consistent with the hypothesis, we found that the greater the proportion of pgo waves that precede spontaneous arousals, the greater the reduction in slow wave sleep. however ... | 1988 | 2977991 |
| daily rhythms of benzodiazepine receptor numbers in frontal lobe and cerebellum of the rat. | behavioural, biochemical and neurophysiological evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) may play an important role in the neural control of circadian rhythms. central receptors for benzodiazepines are functionally coupled to gaba receptors and appear to mediate behavioural effects of exogenous benzodiazepines. the binding of 3h-flunitrazepam to synaptic plasma membranes prepared from various regions of rat brain was examined at 6-hour intervals over a 36-hour period. prominent dail ... | 1985 | 2989633 |
| neonatal monosodium glutamate dosing alters the sleep-wake cycle of the mature rat. | alterations of the sleep-wake cycle have been studied in male adult rats after neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (msg; 4 x 4 mg/g body wt.). results indicated that msg treatment caused: an almost complete disappearance of acth and alpha-msh immunoreactive (ir) perikarya in the rostral part of the arcuate nucleus; an increase in total sleep duration with a more pronounced effect on paradoxical sleep. regarding circadian rhythmicity there was a trend to a decomposition of the 24 h pe ... | 1986 | 3014398 |
| sleep and memory relationships in intact old and amnestic young rats. | age-related changes in sleep are observed in many species, including rats and humans. old rats often exhibit less total and paradoxical sleep, shorter sleep bouts and more random sleep-wake periods across 24 hours, than young rats. this paper evaluates recent evidence that deterioration of selected sleep parameters, usually involving levels of paradoxical sleep or durations of sleep bouts, may be related to deterioration of memory in old rats. similar findings are reviewed with respect to young ... | 1988 | 3062478 |
| [mechanisms of wake and sleep]. | 1988 | 3062755 | |
| temperature dependence of ethanol depression in rats. | the relationship between ambient temperature, body temperature, and brain sensitivity to ethanol was investigated in rats. drug naive male long evans rats were injected ip with a hypnotic dose of ethanol (2.75 g/kg, 20% w/v). immediately after injection, separate groups were exposed to one of five ambient temperatures from 12 to 34 degrees c. ambient temperature significantly affected wake-up rectal temperature, sleep-time, and wake-up brain ethanol concentration. sleep-times in individual rats ... | 1986 | 3097698 |
| growth hormone-releasing factor enhances sleep in rats and rabbits. | previously, it was suggested that a hypothalamic mechanism links somatotropin [growth hormone (gh)] secretion to sleep regulation, and this may explain the temporal correlation between gh release and nonrapid eye movement sleep (nrems) on sleep onset. the purpose of these experiments was to study whether growth hormone-releasing factor (grf), a hypothalamic peptide responsible for stimulation of gh secretion, also has the capacity to promote sleep in rats and rabbits. artificial cerebrospinal fl ... | 1988 | 3136672 |
| early postnatal treatment with propranolol affects development of brain amines and behavior. | the present study examined the effects of early postnatal treatment with a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (5 mg/kg ip daily) on concomitant and subsequent behavior and central aminergic transmission in rats. during propranolol exposure from the 7th to the 20th postnatal days sleep-wake recordings, carried out with the static charge sensitive bed (scsb) method, showed a decrease in the percentage of active sleep and an increase in waking. when the animals were 1-3 months of age, the ope ... | 1988 | 3146769 |
| [isolation of islands of langerhans from the human adult pancreas]. | nine of 38 islet isolation experiments, using the duct collagenase technique, were selected for quality checks on isolated islet tissue. pancreas was harvested, following aortic multi-organ perfusion. the total number of islets isolated amounted to 112,461 +/- 11,828 in 13.7 ml of suspension on average. in vitro secretion of beta cells was increased by a factor of 3.8 in response to glucose stimulation. isolated islets in morphologically intact condition were detected by histological investigati ... | 1988 | 3148248 |
| awaking effect of pge2 microinjected into the preoptic area of rats. | we examined the effect of prostaglandin (pg)e2 on the sleep-wake activity and on body temperature by microinjecting pge2 into the preoptic area of rats that had been chronically implanted with guide cannulae and electrodes for the recordings of electroencephalogram and electromyogram. pge2 at doses of 2.5 x 10(-13), 2.5 x 10(-11), and 2.5 x 10(-9) mol reduced the time of slow wave sleep (sws) to 75%, 61%, and 59% and that of paradoxical sleep (ps) to 73%, 50%, and 25% of the controls, respective ... | 1988 | 3162820 |
| [the influence of exhausting training on the development of the motor pattern of swimming and on the sleep-wake behavior of growing rats]. | at present it is generally accepted that programs of physical training which require coordinate performances of the central and the vegetative nervous system may be conducive to the complex development of central nervous functions. the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an exhausting swim training with albino rats aged 6-30 days on the development of motor pattern of swimming and on the sleep-wake behaviour. daily training rats performed the adult motor pattern of swimming earlier ... | 1988 | 3178792 |
| an inexpensive sleep-wake state analyzer for the rat. | manual classification of sleep stages is a tedious and time consuming task. we describe an inexpensive system for sleep-wake state classification for as many as eight rats at a time. it is based on determining threshold values for each parameter of each rat, then finding the natural transitions from one sleep state to another and finally classifying these states utilizing the cortical eeg and emg signals. | 1988 | 3200928 |
| decrease of rapid-eye-movement sleep in the light by intraventricular application of a vip-antagonist in the rat. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) has been shown to increase the amount of time spent in rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep both in cats and in rats. in the present study we examined the effect of a newly available competitive vip-antagonist ([4cl-d-phe6-leu17]-vip) on sleep-wake patterns in male rats during both the light and the dark phase of 24 h. continuous intracerebroventricular application of this vip-antagonist reduced by 44% the amount of time spent in rem sleep during the light perio ... | 1988 | 3208098 |
| [pathogenesis of cancer of the operated stomach]. | carcinoma in the postsurgical stomach has to be considered as a prognostically hopeless late complication in the wake of reflux-causing stomach operations. morphological, autoradiographic, microbiological, and biochemical investigations of animal models and analyses of 19,595 postmortem records have supported the view that enterogastric reflux, bacterial colonisation, primarily by nitrate-reducing enterobacteria, alteration of the intragastric ph condition as well as consecutive morphological an ... | 1988 | 3213300 |