Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| substrate specificities of the neuraminidases of newcastle disease and fowl plague viruses. | 1972 | 5028199 | |
| antigenic variation among avian influenza a viruses. | a total of 16 strains of influenza a virus isolated in 1965-66 from quail, ducks, turkeys, pheasants and chickens bred in poultry farms situated in pavia and surrounding districts in northern italy were investigated from the point of view of antigenic grouping by the complement-fixation test.all strains were antigenically related but not identical to each other. most but not all strains were antigenically related to virus n and some to duck/england/62, turkey/canada/63 and turkey/massachussets/6 ... | 1967 | 5301736 |
| the antigenic relationship of the neuraminidase of hong kong virus to that of other human strains of influenza a virus. | segregation of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of 6 representative influenza a2 viruses and the hong kong virus by genetic recombination permitted a precise analysis of the antigenic constitution of each virus. although cross-reactivity of the hong kong influenza virus and all 6 influenza a2 strains was demonstrated, the cross-reactivity was shown to be entirely dependent upon and mediated through the viral neuraminidase and not the haemagglutinin. the neuraminidase of the hong kon ... | 1969 | 5309451 |
| [antigenic anachronism of the influenza a(h2n2) viruses in leningrad in 1980. i. the epidemiological and serological characteristics of the influenzal infection caused by a/leningrad/80 (h2n2) viruses]. | in april-may 1980 a number of unrelated outbreaks of influenza-like diseases were registered in leningrad in an infant home (50 out of 68 children under observation, aged 3 months to 2 years, were affected) and among the pupils of a boarding school (13 out of 50 adolescents under observation, aged 15-17 years, were affected). 5 strains of influenza a virus were isolated from 3 sick children and 1 clinically healthy child. a similar virus was isolated from a sick adolescent in a boarding school, ... | 1984 | 6091375 |
| associated respiratory and herpes virus infections in patients with acute keratitis. | viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in exfoliated conjunctival cells from 100 out of 110 keratitis patients investigated. the overall prevalence of respiratory virus antigens (parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus) was twice as high as that of herpes antigens. the ratio between respiratory and herpes virus antigens was of 4:1 in the patients with acute respiratory syndromes in the past history, as against 2:1 in those who had had no respiratory illness. | 1984 | 6093348 |
| serological diagnosis of influenza a and b infections by enzyme immunoassay. comparison with the complement fixation test. | paired sera from 784 patients with symptoms of acute respiratory disease were examined for antibodies against influenza a, b and parainfluenza (1 and 3) viruses by complement fixation (cf) and enzyme immunoassay (eia). the internal variation of the eia test results was low and an increase of 0.250 in absorbance values which corresponded to a two-fold increase in end-point titres was considered a diagnostic antibody rise. eia detected significantly more diagnostic rises than the cf test in the ca ... | 1984 | 6094610 |
| genetic approaches to attenuation of influenza a viruses for man. | the explosion of new information concerning the influenza a viral genome provides a basis for deliberate manipulation of its genes with the intent of introducing specific mutations that render influenza virus attenuated and useful for prevention of disease. currently there is considerable effort to develop a defined set of mutant genes that confer a specific and desired level of attenuation upon any viral recombinant into which they are transferred. in this manner new antigenic variants of influ ... | 1980 | 6103558 |
| the effects of shifts and drifts on the epidemiology of influenza in man. | accurate information on the epidemiology of influenza over the world is difficult to obtain as it is dependent on both national statistics of morbidity and mortality and on adequate virological confirmation of suspected cases. only a few countries have the facilities for these and in much of the world it is difficult to establish exactly the impact of influenza. for this reason, our knowledge on the natural history of the disease and the virus causing it is restricted to what happens in a few ar ... | 1980 | 6103560 |
| animals in the influenza world. | in the history of influenza there are many references, notes and comments about influenza epizootics occurring among various non-human animals, sometimes coinciding with epidemics of influenza in human beings. that the first influenza viruses were recovered from non-human animals is not so surprising, given the current knowledge of the distribution of influenza among animals. influenza viruses are found in a wide variety of mammalian and avian species. in some species the disease that occurs as ... | 1980 | 6103561 |
| mixed infections with influenza a and b viruses. | in the course of an influenza a and b epidemic, influenza virus was isolated from 46 patients. seven of these patients showed seroconversion against influenza virus plus another respiratory virus. in 9 patients, simultaneous antibody increase against both influenza a and b viruses was demonstrated, but only a single virus type was isolated. in one case the isolated virus population could be separated into type a and b viruses. | 1981 | 6120646 |
| an influenza epicentre? | 1982 | 6126676 | |
| studies on some genetic properties of antigenic recombinants of influenza viruses. | two groups of antigenic recombinants hav4n1 were obtained by recombination of human influenza virus h0n1 with two avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks in 1956 and terns in 1978 and possessing the same surface antigen hav4 nav1. recombinants obtained by crossing a/pr/8/34 and a/duck/cssr/56 viruses showed a lower ability to reproduce at optimal and lowered temperatures and differed in the thermosensitivity of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. an analysis of virus-specific proteins of the r ... | 1982 | 6127929 |
| neurological complications of swine influenza vaccination. | the emphasis upon the remarkably large number of cases of guillain-barre syndrome which resulted from the 1976 national swine influenza immunization program in the u.s.a. has obscured the fact that other neurological complications, involving the central nervous system also occurred. the anatomical distribution of lesions is almost identical with that seen following other types of vaccination: involvement of the brain, cerebellum, optic nerve, cranial nerves and spinal cord occurred with approxim ... | 1982 | 6128862 |
| declining t-cell immunity to influenza, 1977-82. | influenza-a-virus-specific, hla-restricted, cytotoxic t-cell immunity, measured in 189 volunteers in the six years 1977-82, showed a sharp decline from 1978. it is shown that natural infection with influenza-a virus boosts cytotoxic t-cell memory. the decline in t-cell immunity is probably associated with the low prevalence of influenza-a-virus infection since 1978. | 1983 | 6137602 |
| advantage of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza a virus over inactivated vaccine for a/washington/80 (h3n2) wild-type virus infection. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza virus vaccine against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 5 to 8 weeks after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated vaccine in 81 seronegative (haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titre less than or equal to 1:8) college students. at a dose of 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) (70 hid50, human 50% infectious doses) the live virus vaccine, given intranasally, complete ... | 1984 | 6143042 |
| antiviral activity of aryl-furfurane derivatives. | of 27 aryl-furfurane derivatives (afd) studied, 13 compounds were found to have antiviral activity against echo 6, herpes simplex, vaccinia, and influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) viruses, the highest inhibition being observed with echo 6 virus. the maximum tolerated concentrations (matc) of afd inhibited the macromolecular syntheses in echo 6 virus-infected cell cultures. | 1984 | 6143495 |
| human cytotoxic t-cell responses to type a and type b influenza viruses can be restricted by different hla antigens. implications for hla polymorphism and genetic regulation. | the present study compares human cytotoxic t-cell responses to two closely related viruses (type a and type b influenza) to understand the antigen-specific elements involved in hla-linked genetic control of cytotoxic t-cell responses. the hla antigens function as self antigens that are recognized by cytotoxic t cells sensitized against either virus. however, studies in an informative family indicate that in this family, the hla antigens preferentially recognized in conjunction with type a influe ... | 1980 | 6153112 |
| cell-mediated immune response of human lymphocytes to influenza a/ussr (h1n1) virus infection. | cell-mediated immunity to influenza a/ussr (h1n1) virus was assessed by measuring transformation response and interferon production by ficoll-hypaque-purified peripheral blood lymphocytes from children and adults. lymphocyte transformation was found to be related to the individual's previous experience with h1n1 influenza virus. lymphocyte cultures, obtained from adults who had their last contact with the h1n1 virus over 20 years ago, were able to transform when incubated with h1n1 influenza ant ... | 1980 | 6155339 |
| mitogen responses and interferon production after exposure of human macrophages to infectious and inactivated influenza viruses. | human macrophages were exposed to two influenza a viruses representing different subtypes. the donors were likely to have been exposed to one subtype (h3n2) but not to the other (h0n 1). similar effects upon the macrophages were observed for both subtypes: macrophage enhancement of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation responses was depressed, and the macrophages produced interferon. in contrast, macrophages exposed to inactivated virus exhibited normal enhancement of lymphocyte transform ... | 1980 | 6155437 |
| antigenic variation of influenza a virus nucleoprotein detected with monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were used to study antigenic variation in the nucleoprotein of influenza a viruses. we found that the nucleoprotein molecule of the wsn/33 strain possesses at least five different determinants. viruses of other influenza a virus subtypes showed antigenic variation in these nucleoprotein determinants, although changes in only one determinant were detected in h0n1 and animal strains. the nucleoprotein of human strains isolated from 1933 through 1979 could be divided into six ... | 1980 | 6157838 |
| [influenza viruses in man and animals. a literature review (author's transl)]. | influenza viruses in man and animals. a literature reviewa literature review on the influenza viruses is presented in this paper. a description of the disease in man and domestic animals, as well as general considerations on morphological, physicochemical and antigenic properties of these viruses is given. emphasis is put on the role of the antigenic changes of these viruses with regard to the epidemiology of the disease, as well as on the possible origin of the pandemic and epidemic strains. | 1980 | 6159061 |
| interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses. | the ability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to induce interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes was compared with that of influenza viruses. cell culture fluids were assayed for interferon activity 1, 3 and 7 days after exposure to rsv or to one of two subtypes of influenza a virus (h0n1 and h3n2). rsv induced interferon production inconsistently and in low titers. varying the multiplicity of infection did not improve the ability of rsv to induce interferon production. in contra ... | 1981 | 6163726 |
| mechanisms of genetic variation in human influenza viruses. | 1980 | 6164327 | |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene from the human influenza strain a/pr/8/34 (hon1). | the complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza a/pr/8/34 nucleoprotein gene was determined after cloning for dsdna copy in pbr322. the nucleoprotein gene is 1517 nucleotides long of which 1446 nucleotides code for 482 amino acids. the calculated amino acid composition is in good agreement with those published for influenza a nucleoprotein genes. the amino acid sequence of the nucleoprotein contains clusters of basic amino acids and proline, a property shared with other nucleic-acid-associated ... | 1981 | 6166474 |
| cloned copy of the haemagglutinin gene codes for human influenza antigenic determinants in e. coli. | 1981 | 6167865 | |
| [new antigenic variants of influenza a(h1n1) virus detected in the ussr in 1979]. | studies of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in the spring of 1979 in the ussr showed all the 73 strains to belong to influenza a (h1n1) virus but to be heterogeneous. apart from the strains identical with the reference a/ussr/90/77 and a/brazil/11/78 as well as intermediate ones, 14 strains were identified and found to be new drift variants. a composite analysis of representative strains of this group (a/ussr/50/79 and a/ussr/61/79) by hi test with diagnostic rat and ferret sera as well as mo ... | 1981 | 6168112 |
| [ability of influenza virus strains to induce interferon and their sensitivity to the action of exogenous interferon]. | investigation of 112 influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) virus strains isolated in different years demonstrated their different interferon-inducing activity. the detection of strain differences in the process of interferon production is very important for the study of influenza infection pathogenicity. of special importance are the studies of influenza virus strain sensitivity to the effect of exogenous interferon. overcoming of resistance to interferon is important for effective influenza control. the ... | 1981 | 6168114 |
| [influenza virus sensitivity to interferon and its inducer]. | the results of the study on influenza virus sensitivity to interferon of two kinds (human and chicken) and its inducer, poly(g) . poly(c) are presented. differences in this characteristic among human and animal influenza viruses were demonstrated. there was a correlation between sensitivity to poly(g) . poly(c)-induced interferon and sensitivity to chicken interferon. comparative studies of sensitivity to interferon in parent viruses and recombinants demonstrated that recombinants derived this p ... | 1981 | 6170173 |
| immune interferon produced to high levels by antigenic stimulation of human lymphocytes with influenza virus. | influenza virus stimulation of human lymphocytes induced high levels of immune interferon in lymphocyte cultures. the lymphocytes of normal adults produced approximately 1,000 u/10(6) cells, which was in large part gamma interferon. the lymphocytes of individuals recently vaccinated yielded very high levels (10-50,000 u/10(6) cells) of interferon. the interferon was ph 2 labile, and was not neutralized by antisera to alpha or beta interferon. it did not bind to a monoclonal antibody to alpha int ... | 1981 | 6170714 |
| genome analysis of influenza a virus strains isolated during an epidemic of 1979-1980. | the genome and polypeptides of influenza a virus h3n2 strains isolated during the epidemic of 1979-1980 in the u.s.s.r. and g.d.r. have been analysed. five varieties of h3n2 strains differing in a number of genes have been found. the isolates of the first group was similar to the a/texas/1/77 strain in all the genes; the isolates of the second group were similar to the a/bangkok/1/79 strain in all the genes; the strain representative of the third variety, contained all the genes except gene 4 cl ... | 1981 | 6171610 |
| antigen-specific human t lymphocyte clones: induction, antigen specificity, and mhc restriction of influenza virus-immune clones. | human peripheral blood lymphocytes from an hla-dw1,3 individual were primed in vitro with influenza a virus (a/texas/1-77/x-49) and subsequently cloned by limiting dilution in tcgf. of the 96 tlcs originally obtained, nine were characterized in detail. tlcs were antigen specific, responding to influenza a virus, not to influenza b, tgal, gat, tetanus toxoid, or klh, and only when antigen was presented by cells unable to form rosettes with aet-treated srbc. presentation of antigen by unseparated ... | 1982 | 6172480 |
| genetic control of the cytolytic t lymphocyte response to influenza viruses: h-2 genes influence the response to h-2kb plus virus. | genetic control of the cytolytic t lymphocyte responses to influenza virus was examined. mice bearing the h-2b haplotype and f1 hybrid mice derived from c57bl/6 parents failed to recognize h-2kb plus type a or type b influenza viruses. congenic mice that shared h-2kb but had either h-2dd of h-2dq genotypes responded in in vitro secondary cultures to h-2kb plus virus. mapping studies suggest the gene(s) controlling the ability to respond to h-2kb plus virus can be localized in or near the h-2d re ... | 1982 | 6174627 |
| [influenza virus variability and human sensitivity]. | the data from the literature concerning the limited number of influenza a virus variants pathogenic for man are analysed. the possibilities of employing these theoretical concepts for improvement of the methods for virus investigations and epidemiological prognosing of epidemics, as well as the possibilities of creating a species-specific preparation for influenza a prevention are discussed. | 1981 | 6175113 |
| [virus infections of the central nervous system. demonstration of viral antigens in paraffin-embedded autopsy material by the pap technic (sternberger)]. | 1982 | 6178128 | |
| [clinico-immunological characteristics of children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections]. | 1982 | 6179038 | |
| enhanced viral interferon induction by the mineral wollastonite. | the in vitro activity of the fibrous mineral wollastonite (casio3) on the interferon system was investigated. wollastonite enhanced the induction of interferon by influenza virus in mammalian (llc-mk2) cell monolayers but the mineral per se did not induce interferon. the magnitude of enhanced interferon induction was dependent on mineral concentration, particle size, and its time and sequence of addition onto cell monolayers. a "synergistic effect" on viral induction of interferon was noted when ... | 1980 | 6180045 |
| [characteristics of influenza immunity and prospects of achieving virus-specific prevention of influenza]. | 1982 | 6186100 | |
| [correlations of the antigenic specificity of human blood with the levels of antihemagglutinins to influenza viruses]. | the results of the observations show that after active circulation of influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b viruses the degree of immune response (a rise in antihemagglutinin titres to the causative agent of an epidemic) differed significantly in subjects with different blood groups of the abo(h) system. after active circulation of influenza a(h1n1) and a(h3n2) viruses, rises in the antibody titres to the etiological factor of the epidemic was more marked in subjects with blood groups o and a than ... | 1983 | 6189297 |
| recovery from a viral respiratory tract infection. iv. specificity of protection by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | immune spleen cells enhanced for influenza-specific cytotoxic activity after exposure to virus-infected stimulator cells in vitro effect recovery when transferred to nude and immunocompetent mice with influenza pneumonia (5). this protective effect correlated with the virus-specific cytotoxic activity of the transferred lymphocytes and is removed by treatment with anti-0 serum and complement. the experiments presented here indicate that spleen cells taken directly from mice undergoing a primary ... | 1983 | 6189904 |
| evidence for host-cell selection of influenza virus antigenic variants. | extensive antigenic variability and a capricious epidemiology are characteristics of influenza a and b viruses of man. the haemagglutinin (ha) undergoes frequent and progressive antigenic drift as a result of selection, under immunological pressure, of viruses possessing alterations in the amino acid sequences at specific sites in the molecule. here we present evidence for an additional selection mechanism for antigenic variants of influenza virus that depends on differing host cell tropisms of ... | 1983 | 6190093 |
| [antigenic heterogeneity of human influenza virus type a populations and its role in the epidemic process]. | 1983 | 6191450 | |
| persistence of genes of epidemical influenza viruses in natural populations in the ussr. | antigenic analogues of all known epidemic human viruses (h1, h2 and h3) have been isolated from natural sources in the ussr. a 5 to 25-year persistence of genes coding haemagglutinins of these viruses in the genome structures of natural populations of viruses have been established. the viruses are more commonly isolated from water birds (ducks, gulls, terns, coots, shelducks, sandpipers), and the circulation of influenza viruses in nature among pigeons, crows, chickens and other birds have been ... | 1983 | 6192295 |
| [characteristics of neuraminidase n1 from human influenza a viruses]. | 1982 | 6196880 | |
| antigenic characteristics and genome composition of a naturally occurring recombinant influenza virus isolated from a pig in japan. | we performed antigenic analysis of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of a recombinant virus (a/swine/kanagawa/2/78) isolated from a pig in japan in 1978, using a series of monoclonal antibodies to h1 (hsw1) haemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidases of h2n2 and h3n2 viruses. results obtained in haemagglutination inhibition tests with five monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin of a/nj/8/76 (h1n1) revealed that the haemagglutinin of three h1n1 and the recombinant viruses were indisting ... | 1983 | 6198440 |
| isolation of immunogenic neuraminidases of human influenza viruses by a combination of genetic and biochemical procedures. | neuraminidases were purified from reassortant viruses (h6n1 and h6n2) containing the two antigenic subtypes (n1 and n2) found in human influenza viruses. surface glycoproteins were solubilized with octylglucoside, and the neuraminidase was isolated by chromatography on deae-sephadex. neuraminidase isolated by this technique coeluted with viral lipids and spontaneously formed liposomes on dialysis. the purified neuraminidase was immunogenic in rabbits, producing a significant antibody response at ... | 1984 | 6205018 |
| antigen-dependent regulation of interleukin 2 receptor expression on cloned human cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | il 2 receptor expression as a function of time after antigenic stimulation was examined on antigen-dependent human ctl clones specific for type a influenza virus. the anti-tac monoclonal antibody was used to follow il 2 receptor levels on the cloned cells. shortly after antigenic stimulation, il 2 receptor expression was maximal; by 1 wk, however, levels had decayed considerably, and by 2 wk only background expression remained. reexpression of il 2 receptors could be induced by exposure of quies ... | 1984 | 6206143 |
| characterization of h2 influenza virus hemagglutinin with monoclonal antibodies: influence of receptor specificity. | antigenic analysis of human and avian h2 influenza viruses were done with monoclonal antibodies to the ha molecules in hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays. these studies revealed that the receptor-binding specificity of the hemagglutinin can markedly influence the antigenic analysis obtained with monoclonal antibodies in hi tests. influenza viruses that are sensitive or resistant to inhibition by horse serum inhibitors showed marked differences in their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies ... | 1984 | 6208682 |
| evidence for two t-helper populations with distinct specificity in the humoral response to influenza a viruses. | virus specificity of t-helper cells for the humoral antibody response to influenza a viruses was studied with a hapten-carrier secondary adoptive transfer system, using whole virus, or viral components inserted into liposomes as carrier with b cells primed to dnp human gamma globulin. evidence was obtained for two distinct t-helper cell populations from mice primed by influenza infection: a t-helper cell cross-reactive for all type a influenza viruses and a second t-helper population specific fo ... | 1982 | 6215337 |
| induction of a t-cell mediated suppressor activity by soluble products from antigen-specific helper/inducer human t-cell lines. | influenza virus-specific (a/x31) long-term cultured human t-cell lines belonging to the helper/inducer t-cell set, produce high potency antigen specific helper factors which induce in vitro antibody production to a/x31 by autologous b cells, as well as small and variable amounts of non-specific helper factors. when added to unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both cultured t cells and their supernatants suppress in vitro antibody synthesis as measured by a solid phase enzyme-linked i ... | 1983 | 6217152 |
| [isolation of influenza a viruses in 1981 in leningrad with and antigenic formula (h0n1) related to strain a/pr8/34]. | wo strains of influenza a (h0n1) virus closely related to a/pr8/34 virus were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of children suffering from a disease diagnosed as purulent meningitis. apart from similarities. marked differences of the new strains from the laboratory a/pr8/34 virus were found which rules out the association of the isolates with contamination with the laboratory strains. examinations of paired sera from the children, sources of the isolates, revealed no rise in titres of antihe ... | 1984 | 6231776 |
| cellular response to respiratory viruses with particular reference to children with disorders of cell-mediated immunity. | 1980 | 6243354 | |
| [clinico-etiological comparisons in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. | 1980 | 6247771 | |
| a screening test for influenza immunity: preimmunization antibody titers to influenza virus antigens in atopic patients. | antibody titers to three common strains of influenza virus, including the swine flu strain, were determined in 152 patients in an allergy and pediatric allergy practice prior to planned immunization with influenza vaccine. because allergic patients are considered to be more prone to hypersensitivity reactions than individuals who are non-allergic, it was deemed prudent to screen for patients who might have pre-existing protective levels of antibody to the viruses. a considerable number of the 15 ... | 1980 | 6251738 |
| [viral neuraxitis. further studies of the current epidemiological and clinical aspects]. | an epidemiological and clinical investigation upon ten cases of acute viral neuraxitis observed in the country of alessandria between january 1978 - january 1979, is reported. four cases of neuraxitis were due to coxsackie b4 virus, two to coxsackie b3, two to influenza type a and one to influenza type b virus, one to rubella and one to varicella-zooster virus. in all the cases blood chemistry, clinical and instrumental examinations (eegraphy, cerebral scintigraphy and angiography) were coupled ... | 1980 | 6253851 |
| influence of influenza and sendai virus on the rotational mobility of band 3 proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. | 1980 | 6256951 | |
| pneumonia: an eleven-year study in a pediatric practice. | data from an 11-year study of acute lower respiratory tract illness were analyzed to provide added insight into the causes and patterns of occurrence of pneumonia in an outpatient pediatric population. over 80% of all episodes of pneumonia occurred in children less than seven years of age; the peak attack rate was observed in 2-4-year-old children. a virus or mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from 24% of children with pneumonia; 57% of all episodes occurred during outbreaks for which a viral or ... | 1981 | 6257108 |
| action of ortho- and paramyxovirus neuraminidase on gangliosides. hydrolysis of ganglioside gm1 by sendai virus neuraminidase. | the action of neuraminidase of influenza a virus, sendai virus and newcastle disease virus particles on bovine brain ganglioside gm1 and the properties of sendai virus neuraminidase for gm1 were studied. with sendai virus, gm1 was hydrolyzed to asialo-gm1 (ga1) and n-acetylneuraminic acid even in the absence of surfactant or other additives, while the hydrolysis of gm1 by newcastle disease virus or influenza a virus was very low or undetectable under the same conditions. the formation of ga1 by ... | 1980 | 6257300 |
| antiviral effects of atropine and caffeine. | the antiviral activities of atropine and caffeine were investigated. atropine inhibited the multiplication of enveloped viruses and caffeine suppressed th growth of polio, influenza, herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses but not japanese encephalitis virus, newcastle disease virus and type 2 adenovirus. | 1980 | 6257827 |
| survey of virally mediated permeability changes. | 1. sendai virus causes permeability changes when added to freshly isolated brain cells (cerebellum or ependymal cells) or to a culture of forebrain cells. 2. sendai virus causes permeability changes when added to organ cultures of ferret lung or nasal turbinate. influenza virus causes no permeability changes under these conditions. 3. rabies virus and vesicular-stomatitis virus, in contrast with sendai virus, do not cause permeability changes in bhk cells or lettrée cells. 4. serum from patients ... | 1980 | 6258574 |
| some epidemiological and virological relationships between human and animal influenza. | 1980 | 6258846 | |
| virological study of idiopathic cardiomyopathy: serological study of virus antibodies and immunofluorescent study of myocardial biopsies. | in 113 patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy paired sera obtained 2--4 weeks apart were examined for neutralizing antibody to coxsackie b 1--6, and echo 4, 6, 7, 9 and 11 viruses. only eight cases (6.9 per cent) showed a significant change in titer, indicating a virus infection during or shortly before the study. complement-fixing antibody titers were measured in 126 patients and neutralizing antibodies in 116 patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. more patients had complement-fixing antibod ... | 1981 | 6259384 |
| microneutralization test for influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1 and 2 viruses that uses continuous cell lines and fresh serum enhancement. | a modified microneutralization test for influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1 and 2 viruses was developed. use of continuous cell lines (madin-darby canine kidney and llc-mk2), hemagglutination for virus detection, and transfer plates and other microtiter equipment resulted in a highly mechanized technique suitable for titrating large numbers of sera easily and relatively inexpensively. titers of heat-inactivated human sera were enhanced 0.5 to 3.5 log2 by addition of fresh hamster or human seru ... | 1980 | 6260835 |
| genetic and antigenic requirements for induction of t helper cells for anti-sendai virus-specific antibody production. | t helper cells for the promotion of sendai virus-specific antibody production were generated in vitro. they could be stimulated by infectious, uv light-inactivated or fusion-negative sendai virus, which had to be presented by adherent cells. induction of t helper cells was virus-specific and required h-2 ia region compatibility between t cells and antigen-presenting cells. delivery of help to b lymphocytes was neither virus-specific nor h-2-restricted. | 1981 | 6269861 |
| rna polymerase of influenza virus. i. comparison of the virion-associated rna polymerase activity of various strains of influenza virus. | a systematic and comparative study was performed on the polypeptide composition and the rna polymerase activity associated with virions of various strains of influenza a virus, including four human and two avian viruses. significant differences were found in the molecular weights of not only hemagglutinin (ha) but also both nucleoprotein (np) and membrane protein (m), as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. the results indicate that, among viruses sharing ... | 1981 | 6270072 |
| an analysis of effector t cell generation and function in mice exposed to influenza a or sendai viruses. | 1981 | 6273293 | |
| a dynamic investigation in antibodies to influenza and parainfluenza viruses in patients suffering from chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. | 1981 | 6274100 | |
| the sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of human influenza a virus, strain a/nt/60/68. | the nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza a/nt/60/68 was established after using improved cloning methods to obtain full length cdna clones in pbr322. the gene is 1565 residues long and codes for a basic protein of 498 amino acids. there are only 30 amino acid differences between it and the homologous sequence in a/pr/8/35, all occurring as point mutations. assuming a common lineage, the evolutionary rate of divergence of the two strains is 0.18% amino acid per year. this co ... | 1982 | 6278431 |
| [serogical studies on an epidemic prevalence of swine type influenza virus among swine and human beings (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 6279948 | |
| specific in vitro antibody responses by human blood lymphocytes: apparent nonresponsiveness of pbl is due to a lack of recirculating memory b cells. | 1982 | 6282963 | |
| [solubilization of myxovirus surface glycoproteins by using a nonionic detergent octylglucoside]. | using alpha- and beta-forms of the non-ionic detergent octyl glucoside the conditions have been developed for treatment of influenza virus and sendai virus suspensions with the purpose of solubilization from virions of exclusively surface glycoproteins. both alpha- and beta-forms of the detergent have been shown to have similar effectiveness for the recovery of chromatographically pure preparations of surface glycoproteins. | 1982 | 6289533 |
| nucleotide sequence of fowl plague virus rna segment 7. | nucleotide sequence analysis of a recombinant dna clone of rna segment 7 from fpv/rostock/34 has shown it to be highly conserved in comparison with rna segment 7 from two human strains (allen et al., 1980; winter & fields, 1980; lamb & lai, 1981). fpv rna segment 7 contains the coding capacity for two polypeptide chains. the sequence homology between rna segment 7 of avian and human viruses was greater than 90%, and most of the changes did not result in amino acid substitutions. | 1982 | 6292344 |
| a 12-month surveillance of 'flu-like infections in a sample from the population of lagos. | 5,576 people who had two or more of the following symptoms, running nose, cough, fever and crepitations/rhonchi over the chest were interviewed. 1,355 specimens of nasal and throat swabs from those interviewed were processed for viruses associated with upper respiratory tract infection. there was a sharp rise in 'flu-like symptoms in march 1976, followed by a much higher incidence from june, reaching a peak in august. influenza a was isolated from most of the specimens collected. a few para-infl ... | 1982 | 6298982 |
| a sialoglycopeptide from human erythrocytes with receptor-like properties for encephalomyocarditis and influenza viruses. | encephalomyocarditis and influenza viruses attach to human erythrocytes causing haemagglutination. the receptor for both viruses on these cells is the major membrane sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin, solubilized preparations of which inhibit haemagglutination by either virus. we show here that glycophorin preparations inhibited haemagglutination of both viruses, even after the preparations were digested with chymotrypsin. to determine which component(s) in the digest exhibited activity, peptides s ... | 1983 | 6302211 |
| [seroepidemiological studies on the outbreaks of a/swine type influenza with special reference ot the porcine and the human infection]. | 1983 | 6306045 | |
| isolation and characterization of receptor sialoglycoprotein for hemagglutinating virus of japan (sendai virus) from bovine erythrocyte membrane. | sialoglycoprotein which exhibits inhibitory activity for hemagglutination by hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj, sendai virus) was isolated from the membrane of bovine erythrocytes. purification steps for this sialoglycoprotein included extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate, phenol partition, precipitation with ethanol, and chromatography on a phosphocellulose column and an sds-sepharose cl-4b column. purified sialoglycoprotein (gp-2) has high specific activity for inhibiting the hemaggluti ... | 1983 | 6309760 |
| myxoviruses do not induce non-specific alterations in membrane permeability early on in infection. | the permeability characteristics of cells infected with myxoviruses have been studied by measuring the concentrative uptake of nutrients, the concentration of intracellular k+, and the maintenance of the na+ gradient across the plasma membrane. cells either show no change at all (sendai virus-infected bhk cells and measles virus-infected vero cells) or they show a decreased ability to concentrate nutrients, while intracellular k+ and the na+ gradient remain unchanged (sendai and influenza virus- ... | 1983 | 6314933 |
| influenza virus a/swine-outbreaks in domestic pigs and antibody findings in human sera. | in the last years, the occurrence of influenza viruses a/h1n1 (hsw1n1) in pig stocks of different countries has been increasingly reported. in general, the isolated viruses were related to the influenza virus a/new jersey/8/76 h1n1 (hsw1n1). human infections were not reported in these outbreaks. since march 1981, very limited influenza outbreaks in several pig stocks of the gdr with high morbidity and very low lethality have been observed. the illness took an uncomplicated path and generally sub ... | 1983 | 6316691 |
| comparative study of some characteristics of influenza virus a/pr8/34 (h1n1) cultivated on chorioallantoic membrane fragments in the presence of ceruloplasmin or of parainfluenza type i (sendai) virus. | multiplication of influenza virus a/pr8/34 (h1n1) in the presence of either ceruloplasmin or parainfluenza type i (sendai) virus results in the appearance of progens different from the parental virus as regards some of their biological properties. the role of viral envelope changes in acquiring new characteristics is discussed. | 1983 | 6318428 |
| a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses involving adsorption to erythrocytes. | a simple procedure for the analysis of the structural proteins of influenza and parainfluenza viruses utilizing adsorption to erythrocytes is described. the method involves virus growth in the presence of [35s]methionine, adsorption of clarified culture medium with a 0.5% suspension of either guinea-pig or chicken erythrocytes and analysis of the virus-erythrocyte aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). all of the structural proteins can be detected u ... | 1984 | 6323512 |
| sequence of the neuraminidase gene of an avian influenza a virus (a/parrot/ulster/73, h7n1). | the complete sequence of the neuraminidase (na) gene of the influenza a strain a/parrot/ ulster /73 ( h7n1 ) has been determined after reverse transcribing and cloning it into the pbr322 plasmid, followed by subcloning into m13 vectors and sequencing with dideoxynucleotide chain terminators. the gene consists of 1458 nucleotides and codes for a protein of 469 amino acids. the neuraminidase has seven potential glycosylation sites. according to the molecular weight as determined by electrophoretic ... | 1984 | 6328743 |
| localization of viral-envelope-glycoprotein-binding sites in fibronectin. | purified viral-envelope glycoproteins from influenza a virus were found to bind to two fragments of the fibronectin molecule. human plasma fibronectin was digested by leucocyte cathepsin g, and three different fragments, of mr 30000, 40000 and 12000-140000, with specific binding functions were isolated. micelles of radiolabelled influenza a glycoprotein were allowed to bind to these fragments immobilized on polystyrene micro-titre wells. the c-terminal 120000-14000-mr fragments that carry the ce ... | 1984 | 6331388 |
| epithelial cells expressing aberrant mhc class ii determinants can present antigen to cloned human t cells. | the first step in the induction of immune responses, whether humoral or cell mediated, requires the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and t lymphocytes restricted at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). these cells invariably express mhc class ii molecules (hla-d region in man and ia in mouse) which are recognized by t cells of the helper/inducer subset in association with antigen fragments. interestingly, in certain pathological conditions, for example in autoimmune diseases s ... | 1984 | 6334239 |
| the differential effects of hydrocortisone on activation and tolerance induction in human t lymphocyte clones. | the in vitro effects of hydrocortisone on t cell activation and tolerance induction were investigated using human influenza virus immune t cell lines and clones. hydrocortisone at 10(-9) to 10(-6) molar concentrations was able to inhibit the antigen induced but not the t cell growth factor (tcgf) mediated proliferative response of both the lines and clones. however, hydrocortisone was able to inhibit tcgf production by cloned t cells. the proliferative response of cloned t cells to intact influe ... | 1984 | 6334678 |
| direct evaluation of antigen binding to human t lymphocyte clones: involvement of major histocompatibility complex products in antigen binding. | cloned human helper t lymphocytes reactive with a defined peptide (p20; residues 306-329) of the ha-1 molecule of influenza virus hemagglutinin were analyzed for their capacity to specifically bind peptide antigen. three different methods of analyzing antigen binding to t cell receptors were compared. one method involved the binding of radiolabeled t cells to antigen-pulsed populations of sheep erythrocyte rosette-negative (e-) cells (b cells and monocytes). the binding was antigen specific, in ... | 1984 | 6335095 |
| [epidemiologic aspects of the anthroponotic concept of the origin of pandemic and epidemic strains of influenza a virus]. | 1983 | 6349184 | |
| fine specificity of the in vitro antibody response to influenza virus by human blood lymphocytes. | the fine specificity of anti-influenza antibody produced in vitro by human pbm stimulated with different strains of influenza virus was examined by competition binding in solid phase enzyme immunoassay. most of the antibody produced in vitro is directed to strain-specific or cross-reactive determinants on the hemagglutinin molecule. the extent of cross-reactivity is dependent on the strain of virus used to stimulate pbm as well as the individual tested and presumably on his previous exposure to ... | 1983 | 6350452 |
| [hemagglutination inhibition reaction as an indicator of humoral immunity in influenza: limitations of the method]. | 1984 | 6369785 | |
| influenza in melbourne, 1982. epidemiology and virology. | the major features of the outbreaks of influenza a and b, which occurred in melbourne during the winter of 1982, are described. diagnoses of influenza a or influenza b were established in 310 patients by virus isolation, immunofluorescence, and serological tests. immunofluorescence was found to be a valuable, rapid, but considerably less sensitive, test than virus isolation, and serodiagnosis was the test of choice either when patients did not present or when specimens were not collected until l ... | 1984 | 6377029 |
| [characterization of rna polymerase activity of highly purified preparations of influenza virus a/duck/alberta/48/76]. | the influenza virus a/duck/alberta/48/76 with the antigen formula h7n3 (16) and hav1 nav2 (who nomenclature from 1971) (15), respectively, as well as a nonpathogenic virus of the subtype hav1 were purified to a high degree by ultracentrifugation in continuous sucrose gradients (15-40% w/w and 20-60% w/w, respectively). the activity of the rna polymerase of this virus preparation was determined by incorporating 3h-ump in acid insoluble material following preincubation of the virus with the nonion ... | 1984 | 6377762 |
| an outbreak of influenza a in the highlands of papua new guinea. | in december 1982 and the early months of 1983, there was increased reporting of influenza-like illness from hospitals and health centres across the highlands region of papua new guinea. during this period, which fell in the highland wet season, influenza a viruses were isolated in routine surveillance specimens from a population of monitored children in the goroka area in the eastern highlands. influenza a viruses were also isolated in the investigation of a nearby rural outbreak of influenza-li ... | 1984 | 6390706 |
| update: influenza--united states, through february 8, 1984. | 1984 | 6420669 | |
| influenza surveillance in shanghai. | 1984 | 6439484 | |
| antigen-induced production of lymphokines by human t cell clones specific for hepatitis b surface antigen. | the secretion of gamma-interferon (ifn-gamma), interleukin-2 (il-2), and b cell growth factor (bcgf) by human t cell clones specific for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was examined. antigenic stimulation by hbsag but not by influenza a virus resulted in ifn-gamma and bcgf synthesis by the t cell clones. no detectable amounts of il-2 were obtained in the supernatants of any of the hbsag-specific t cell clones when cultured in the presence or absence of antigen. ifn-gamma and bcgf were produc ... | 1984 | 6439696 |
| [influenza a outbreak in 1983 and infections in young children]. | 1984 | 6442332 | |
| [determination of macroglobulin antibodies by the methods of treating the blood sera with 2-mercaptoethanol and staphylococcus aureus protein a]. | 1983 | 6443862 | |
| [cardiac lesions in influenza]. | 1980 | 6454300 | |
| [comparative indices of the formation and protective activity of antibodies during honk kong influenza a epidemics]. | in the period of circulation of influenza a/hong kong (h3n2) virus and its antigenic varieties in 1969-1976, more than 45,000 serum specimens from patients, donors, and subjects of various ages from permanently observed contingents were examined serologically by hi and cft. the long persistence in the human population of heterologous immunity to viruses of new or old subtypes was shown to be due to its constant stimulation in the period of any subsequent influenza a epidemic. under conditions of ... | 1981 | 6455011 |
| guinea pig erythrocytes, after their contact with influenza virus, acquire the ability to activate the human alternative complement pathway through virus-induced desialation of the cells. | guinea pig erythrocytes that had been exposed to influenza a virus activated the alternative complement pathway in whole human serum in the absence of natural antibodies. because all virus particles were eluted from the treated cells, activation was not dependent on antiviral antibodies or on virus particles themselves. the relative capacity of treated erythrocytes to activate the alternative pathway was dependent on the amount of virus to which the cells had been exposed and was directly relate ... | 1982 | 6459381 |
| transplacental passage of influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) mimicking amniotic fluid infection syndrome. | influenza virus infection complicating pregnancy remains a matter of concern because of the frequency of these infections and possible associated increased maternal and perinatal risks. influenza a/bangkok (h3n2) infection occurred in a gravid woman in association with fever, chills, and uterine tenderness and contractions together with maternal and fetal tachycardia. initial evaluations led to consideration of amniotic fluid infection syndrome with planned termination of the pregnancy. examinat ... | 1984 | 6465250 |
| depression of chemiluminescence response in mouse spleen cells by infective and inactivated influenza virus. | the effect on respiratory burst of murine splenic cells after exposure to influenza viruses was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (cl). infectious influenza a and b viruses considerably depressed the zymosan-induced cl response of the cells. commercially available trivalent influenza virus vaccines also depressed cl activity. the whole-virus vaccine induced the greatest inhibition of the cl response, followed by the subunit and the split-virus vaccines. virus-induced depression of c ... | 1984 | 6478654 |