Publications

immunological characteristics of the armadillo, dasypus sabanicola.	the immunological responses of the armadillo are of interest because of its susceptibility to generalized lepromatoid infection with mycobacterium leprae. in this study, specimens of dasypus sabanicola were found to have a typical mammalian distribution of lymphoid cells in thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and blood. their complement was active in bactercidal, protozoan immobilization and haemolytic systems. blood lymphocytes responded to phytohaemagglutinin and to pokeweed mitogen. sensitization wit ...	1976	825337
oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine by connective tissue constituents. identification of mycobacterium leprae not related to phenolase activity.	the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) was studied by spectrophotometric methods at ph 6.8. in the presence of l- or d-dopa, a color development occurred in the presence of the following substances as measured by increase in absorption both at 540 nm and 480 nm: hyaluronic acid, trypsinized human skin and umbilical cord extract, trypsin treated rat tissue from subcutaneous rat leproma, trypsin treated m. lepraemurium isolated from rat lepromata, and trypsinized m. leprae isolated fro ...	1976	828625
antimycobacterial antibodies in diffuse lepromatous leprosy detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.	by using the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) technic it was possible to demonstrate the presence of antimycobacterial antibodies in the sera of patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy. the antigen was prepared from isolated mycobacterium lepraemurium. the technic was more reliable and quicker than ouchterlony's classical double diffusion in gel. clinical application of the method is therefore recommended.	1976	828626
specificity of o-diphenoloxidase in mycobacterium leprae: an identification test.		1976	828686
a non-acid-fast coccoid precursor--possible cultivable phase of mycobacterium leprae.	a non-acid-fast coccoid organism isolated from human leproma, and skin and nasal smears of leprosy patients shows tendency to revert to an acid-fast mycobacterial form during test tube passages. one of these coccoid isolates gave strong dopa oxidase activity. there is also preliminary evidence of mycobacterial conversion from these coccoids in intraperitoneally inoculated mice. the possibility that these non-acid-fast coccoids could be a cultivable precursor phase of m. leprae has been raised an ...	1976	828689
acedapsone treatment of leprosy patients: response versus drug disposition.	in 22 lepromatous filipino patients receiving their first injection of 225 mg acedapsone (dadds), dapsone (dds), and monoacetyl dds (madds) were present in plasma in approximately equal quantities. peak levels of parent drug, dds, and madds occurred between 22 and 35 days. the half-times of disappearance (t1/2) from plasma were 43 days for dds and madds and 46 days for dadds. acetylator phenotyping with sulfamethazine (smz) and dds showed that 17 patients were rapid and 5 patients were slow acet ...	1977	842774
on the mode of transmission of mycobacterium leprae.		1977	853838
activity of three new rifamycin derivates on the experimental infection by mycobacterium leprae.		1977	883857
the effect on the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae of irregular administration of dapsone to mice. results of the total minimal inhibitory test.		1977	883858
spontaneous leprosy-like disease in a chimpanzee.	the clinical and laboratory findings of a spontaneous disease, resembling human leprosy, in a chimpanzee are described. the disease was a chronic progressive dermatitis characterized by nodular thickenings of the dermis and involving the ears, eyebrows, nostrils, and lips. a maculopapular rash was also present. numerous acid-fast organisms were found in nasal swabs and in dermal lesions, including nerves. attempts to culture acid-fast organisms in artificial media have failed. at this time, the ...	1977	886203
delayed hypersensitivity tests with mycobacterium leprae purified protein derivative.	skin tests were conducted on 3 lepromatous, 3 dimorphous and 6 tuberculoid leprosy patients and 3 others not suffering from leprosy with lepromin, purified protein derivative from m. leprae of armadillo origin and tuberculin. results show that a delayed hypersensitivity reaction could be produced with ppd in 72 hours on all mitsuda positive cases, with one anomalous exception, without cross reaction to tuberculin. the results were promising from the point of view of substituting lepromin with pp ...	1976	1035779
reddening of the upper central incisors associated with periapical granuloma in lepromatous leprosy.	four years after starting treatment for lepromatous leprosy in england a male pakistani aged 26 was found to have red discoloration of the upper central incisor teeth. a radiograph suggested periapical abscess on the right with haziness in a corresponding area on the left. right apicectomy was performed with removal of a solid mass attached to the apex, sections revealing a lepromatous infiltrate with acid-fast fragments of mycobacterium leprae in the cytoplasm of foamy macrophages. clinical and ...	1976	1063039
experimental chemotherapy in leprosy.	the memorandum reviews the considerable progress that has been made in research on the chemotherapy of leprosy during the last 10-15 years, as a result of which it is now possible to study the same topics in leprosy as are studied in other bacterial diseases. thus drugs have been screened in mice for their activity against mycobacterium leprae. those that have been found to have the greatest activity against m. leprae at acceptable dosages-dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine-have been character ...	1976	1086735
the immune system of the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus, linn).	the armadillo is rapidly emerging as an animal for biomedical research. a morphological study of the immune system of the armadillo was undertaken to try to demonstrate a possible defect in the morphogenesis of the lymphoid organs that could account for their susceptibility to leprosy. blood from 20 domesticated adult armadillos revealed lymphocytes predominated among circulating leukocytes in the majority of animals, whereas in wild animals neutrophils predominated. necropsies revealed well-dev ...	1975	1091181
superinfection in mice previously infected with mycobacterium leprae.	previous studies of the protection of mice by prior infection with mycobacterium leprae in one hind footpad against challenge with m.leprae in the opposite hind footpad had produced conflicting results; therefore, the problem was restudied. in several experiments, balb/c mice were inoculated first in the right hind footpad with 5,000 m. leprae and then challenged in the left hind footpad with 5,000 m. leprae of the same strain at intervals after primary infection, at the same time that uninfecte ...	1975	1091561
further investigations on m. leprae. growth promotion and inhibition by organic substances and observations on antagonistic and syntergistic effects.	the multiplication of 2 strains of m. leprae on a medium containing a sonic extract (se), prepared from m. smegmatis, was promoted by cysteine, tryptophane and dimethylasulfoxide (dmso), while glutamic acid, glutamine and histidine exerted variable effects. the final effects of glutamic acid and glutamine were determined by the total concentration of both compounds together. the presence of cysteine and glutamic acid alone or together with dmso abolished all inhibitory effects. desferal did n ...	1975	1092313
immune responses to mycobacterium leprae in man.		1975	1092818
the activity of chaulmoogra acids against mycobacterium leprae.	the activity of the crude sodium salts of the fatty acids of chaulmoogra oil and of hydnocarpic and chaulmoogric acids against mycobacterium leprae was studied in mouse footpad infection. multiplication of the organisms was inhibited when the salts were administered intraperitoneally and subcutaneously 3 times per week, and when chaulmoogric acid was administered intraperitoneally 5 times per week in half the equivalent dose. dihydrochaulmoogric acid was also active, whereas palmitic acid was no ...	1975	1093460
chemotherapy in leprosy.		1975	1093982
hairless mice, human leprosy and thymus-derived-lymphocytes.		1975	1095394
in vitro lymphocyte response to purified protein derivative, bcg and mycobacterium leprae in a population not exposed to leprosy.	lymphocytes from 14 bcg-vaccinated donors, seven tuberculin positive and seven tuberculin negative by skin testing, were stimulated in vitro with four mycobacterial antigens, purified protein derivative (ppd), ppd/bcg, whole bcg bacilli, and whole mycobacterium leprae and also with candida antigen and phytohemagglutinin. the response was measured by incorporation of (3)h-labeled thymidine. the response to ppd, ppd/bcg, and bcg was found to correlate with the result of skin testing with turbercul ...	1975	1095479
immunological studies on leprosy: separation and evaluation of the antigens of mycobacterium leprae.	chromatographically separated antigens of mycobacterium leprae were tested for their ability to elicit skin reactions in guinea-pigs sensitised with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria. of the three antigen-positive fractions obtained, one showed specific activity and the other two cross-reactivity, as indicated by studies of hypersensitivity and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. the fraction exhibiting specificity contained only one antigen, which was protein in nature, whereas the other two ...	1975	1095749
[reproduction of mycobacterium leprae inoculated into rats fed with putrid cow meat].		1975	1096261
impairment of reactivity to lepromin by mycobacterial antigens related to, or identical with, mycobacterium leprae.	three hundred and twenty young children were injected with bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) saline, or with one of the mycobacterial cytoplasmic antigens related with mycobacterium leprae. at an appropriate time thereafter they were tested for dermal hypersensitivity to the antigens and for reactions to lepromin. whereas all the antigens induced cell-mediated immunity, the incidence and intensity of late response to lepromin were significantly reduced in children preinjected with the cytoplasmic m ...	1975	1097072
leprosy of the upper respiratory tract. a clinical bacteriological, histopathological and histochemical study of twenty cases.	twenty cases clinically diagnosed as leprosy were thoroughly examined for e.n.t. lesions. these lesions were subjected to bacteriological, histopathological and histochemical studies. the results have been tabulated and discussed with special stress on some findings which are of help in diagnosing the disease.	1975	1097553
the testis in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae.	following inoculation either locally or intravenously with mycobact. leprae of human origin, the histopathology and bacteriology of the testis in experimental mice is described. normal mice, and mice rendered immunologically deficient by thymectomy and whole-body irradiation, were studied. attention is drawn to a heavy bacillation of the testis in mice from both groups. bacilli were found in and beneath the tunica albuginea, but mainly in interstitial cells and in macrophages surrounding the tub ...	1975	1097612
leproma of the mouse foot.		1975	1097852
rifampin therapy of lepromatous leprosy.	patients with borderline-lepromatous (bl) or fully lepromatous (ll) leprosy were treated in the sanitarium for approximately 1 year with oral rifampin (600 mg daily) or with oral dapsone (100 mg daily). they were then treated as outpatients with intramuscular acedapsone (225 mg every 12 weeks) or oral dapsone (50 mg daily). they have now been followed for a total of 28 to 34 months. death of mycobacterium leprae during the initial 24 weeks was monitored by mouse inoculation with m. leprae from s ...	1975	1098495
acedapsone (dadds) treatment of leprosy patients in the karimui of papua new guinea: status at six years.	acedapsone (dadds), a repository sulfone given by injection five times a year, has been used since 1967 for the treatment of all leprosy patients in the karimui, an area of diffic-lt access. more than 460 patients have been treated, 336 beginning in november 1967 and continuing through the latest assessment 6 years later. the injections have been well received and they have been administered very regularly. clinical observations were begun before 1967, as a base-line of assessments was available ...	1975	1098496
acid mucopolysaccharide metabolism in leprosy. 3. hyaluronic acid mycobacterial growth enhancement, and growth suppression by saccharic acid and vitamin c as inhibitors of beta-glucuronidase.	a series of pilot studies are presented utilizing mouse and human infections with m. leprae and mouse infections with m. lepraemurium relating to the previously reported finding that hyaluronic acid seems to be a major nutrient substrate for these bacilli. the "feeding" of hyaluronic acid to the bacilli enhanced the growth of m. leprae in mouse abdominal walls and increased the morphologic index of m. lepraemurium infection. saccharic acid, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase previously reported ...	1975	1099016
effect of quinacrine, chloroquine and primaquine on the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in mice.	quinacrine administered in 100 mg per kg body weight to mice had a bacteriostatic activity on m. leprae in the mouse, chloroquine at 15 mg per kg and primaquine at 0.25 mg per kg were without activity. these findings could point to the presence of a functioning direct oxidative pathway of glucose catabolism in m. leprae.	1975	1099017
a comparative evaluation of bacteriologic and morphologic indices of mycobacterium leprae in skin, lymph node, bone marrow, nerve and muscle.	this study elicits the comparative evaluation of the bacteriologic index (bi) and morphologic index (mi) of the skin, lymph node, bone marrow, nerve and muscle tissues of 15 untreated leprosy patients. the findings of comparable or even higher bi's and mi's in lymph nodes than skin are of considerable interest, especially the presence of a significant percentage of viable bacilli during reaction states when mi of skin and nerve tissue was found to be negative. evaluation of the bi's and mi's of ...	1975	1099019
the histopathology of lepromatous leprosy in the nose.	on the basis of clinical, histological and bacteriological assessments, 31 patients in central india were selected and classified as having active but early lepromatous leprosy and 4 patients as having early borderline leprosy. from the nose of each patient an average of 4 biopsies were taken from particular sites of the septum and turbinates either by punch biopsy or dissection with a scalpel. the nasal tissues from all the lepromatous patients contained many acid-fast bacilli; no bacilli or ab ...	1975	1099180
a simplification of the mouse foot-pad infection using mycobacterium leprae from skin scrapes.		1975	1099371
field workers' forum. biopsies in leprosy.		1975	1099373
letter: nasal mucosa as the portal exit of mycobacterium leprae.		1975	1099374
cytochrome pigments in mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus l.).	the bacilli were isolated from granulomata harvested from armadillos. cytochrome systems in whole cell suspensions as well as in cell-free extracts were examined spectrophotometrically. the intact cells contained cytochromes of the a+b3, b and c type which were found to be present mainly in the reduced form. the cytochrome systems in cell-free extracts of m. leprae were in the oxidized form but contained the same type of cytochromes as the intact bacteria. the presence of cytochromes was easily ...	1975	1099400
[microbiology of leprosy. is there an in-vitro cultivable phase of hansen's bacillus].		1975	1099992
rifampicin: the investigation of a bactericidal antileprosy drug.		1975	1100951
the use of rifampicin in the treatment of leprosy.		1975	1100952
the effect of a single dose of rifampicin on the infectivity of the nasal discharge in leprosy (preliminary communication).		1975	1100954
clinical and bacteriological effects of rifampicin in combination with l73a in leprosy: observation for six months.		1975	1100957
chemotherapeutic trials in patients with non-lepromatous leprosy.		1975	1100965
viability of myco. leprae in the skin and bone marrow of patients with lepromatous leprosy while on dapsone or lamprene.		1975	1100966
effect of mono treatment and combined treatment on the morphology of myco. lepare in the skin.		1975	1100967
treatment of leprosy with clofazimine, rifampicin and bayrena.		1975	1100968
low dose dapsone therapy in lepromatous leprosy.		1975	1100970
minimal inhibitory dosage of rifampicin in intermittent treatment of mycobacterium leprae infection in mice.	the total minimal inhibitory dose of rifampicin determined in the experimental mouse model, was found to be 10 mg/kg body weight, administered once a week for 6 weeks or once every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. from these and other results it is suggested that administration of rmp in human treatment can be reduced to a total amount of 7.2 either as a 600 mg dose once a week for 12 weeks or as a 900 mg dose once a week for 8 weeks. at present these regimens can only be used as an introductory treatment ...	1975	1101580
effect of microbial substances of different origins on the growth of mycobacterium leprae.	mycobacterium leprae multiplied in media enriched with substances originating from other mycobacteria, from non-acid-fast actinomycetales or from gram-positive or gram-negative eubacteriales. most of the m. leprae strains did not grow on a synthetic medium containing the amino acids present in m. smegmatis, but the growth-promoting effect of sonic extracts of this organism indicated that substances of bacterial origin, other than amino acids, do act as growth factors. the identification of the g ...	1975	1102491
the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy.		1975	1102829
failure of levamisole to alter the lepromin reaction.	in a study of 37 leprosy patients, the oral administration of levamisole failed to provoke an increase in both the fernandez and mitsuda reactions to lepromins of human and armadillo origin. we interpret this as evidence against an effective specific immunostimulatory capability of levamisole in leprosy patients under the conditions of the study. current knowledge of the mechanism of levamisole action supports the concept that the fundamental immunologic defect in lepromatosus leprosy may reside ...	1975	1103643
repeated tissue sampling with a dental broach. a trial in cutaneous leishmaniasis.	a simple and almost painless technique for repeated sampling of dermal infiltrates with a dendritic broach was used in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. this technique can be used to advantage to obtain organisms and cell underneath crusted lesions and to evaluate not only the number of organisms but also the cell pattern at different depths of the lesion. it can be used repeatedly on the same lesions without appreciably disturbing the natural progress of the disease and is therefore wel ...	1975	1103933
effect of thymectomy and antilymphocyte serum on mycobacterium leprae infection in mice.	balb/c mice thymectomized at 3 to 5 days of age were studied to determine if this procedure would result in enhanced susceptibility to infection with mycobacterium leprae and, if so, whether or not administration of antilymphocyte serum would further increase this susceptibility. the plateau for growth in the footpads of intact mice occurred 4 months after inoculation, whereas in the thymectomized and thymetocomized plus antilymphocyte serum-treated groups the plateau occurred between months 11 ...	1975	1104476
evaluation of "chemical isolation" in 1,168 leprosy patients' homes.	"chemical isolation" (treatment of open cases as a measure of control for transmission between contacts) is evaluated by a retrospective study of 7,232 household contacts of 1,168 leprosy patient homes. contacts comparable in age and type of exposure were arranged in subgroups according to whether they were born before (group a) or born after (group b) beginning treatment of the index cases had begun. additionally, the whole group of contacts, both of open (ll & bb) and closed (tt & i) cases wer ...	1975	1104496
dapsone metabolism in patients with dapsone-resistant leprosy.		1975	1106232
lepromatous leprosy in the nose after one year of dapsone treatment: clinical and bacteriological findings.		1975	1107725
lepromatous leprosy in the nose after one year of dapsone treatment: histopathological findings.		1975	1107726
the fly as potential vector in the transmission of leprosy.		1975	1107727
multicentre controlled comparative trial of clofazimine and dapsone in low dosages.		1975	1107728
importance of nasal lesions in early lepromatous leprosy.	there are some 20 million people in the world with leprosy. in the lepromatous form of the illness the nose becomes infected very early in the disease process. the nasal discharge which occurs is heavily bacillated and is the most potent source of exit of mycobacterium leprae from the body. the necessity for early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy in the absence of an effective vaccine is discussed and the pathological changes that occur in the nose are outlined. the roles which the leprologist ...	1975	1108744
minimal inhibitory concentration of dapsone for mycobacterium leprae in rats.	to define the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of dapsone (dds) for mycobacterium leprae in rats, we determined the relationship between dietary and plasma levels of dds in uninfected male and female lewis rats. this knowledge was applied to the design of experiments using rats inoculated in the footpads with m. leprae. the mic for dds in male and female rats, respectively, was 1.5 to 4.0 ng and 1.8 to 3.0 ng of dds/ml of plasma, even though the sexes exhibited markedly different concentra ...	1975	1108776
polymorphonuclear activation in leprosy. i. spontaneous and endotoxin-stimulated reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium: effects of serum and plasma on endotoxin-induced activation.	spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction was evaluated in neutrophils from patients with the different types and forms of leprosy, and compared with reduction obtained form cells from normal controls. leucocytes from the same subjects were stimulated in vitro by endotoxin, and the rise in percentage of cells reducing nbt was determined. patients of all groups, with the exception of those with reactional lepromatous leprosy (rll) had an essentially normal proportion of reducing cells. ne ...	1975	1212808
comparison of reactions to human and armadillo lepromins in leprosy.	to assess the usefulness of mycobacterium leprae-infected armadillo tissue as a substitute for human lepromas for the manufacture of lepromin, we compared skin reactions to preparations from these two sources in 115 leprosy patients. the patient sample represented all the primary clinical forms of leprosy. lepromin derived from the armadillo (lepromin-a) provoked the same pattern of responses as human derived lepromin (lepromin-h), i.e., lepromatous patients gave the weakest reactions. lepromin- ...	1975	1240870
[reactional status of leprosy].	reactional leprosy is studied according to its clinical forms a) lepromatous a) acute lepromatization: encroaching and invasive nature; the patient becomes more and more lepromatous ; bad prognosis. b) erythema nodosum: "contusiform dermatitis"; variable prognosis not so bad as it is in the preceding case; allergic nature and its evolution is usually detained and therapeutics efficient. c) erythema multiform. d) lucio's phenomenon: vascular lesions and consequently necrosis as a complication of ...	1975	1241072
heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody-reactive epitopes on mycobacterial 30-kilodalton-region proteins and the secreted antigen 85 complex and demonstration of antigen 85b on the mycobacterium leprae cell wall surface.	proteins of the antigen 85 complex in the 30-kda region secreted by live mycobacteria are important in the immune response against mycobacterial infections and may play an important biological role in the host-parasite interaction. in the present study, we have characterized epitopes of the 30-kda-region proteins and the antigen 85 complex by using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacting with these antigens, 6 of which have not been described before. by using five previously characte ...	1992	1280626
recognition of mycobacterium leprae recombinant 18-kda proteins in leprosy.	three different, purified, escherichia coli-derived, recombinant preparations of the mycobacterium leprae 18k protein were compared for their immunological recognition in leprosy. the preparations tested were 18k fusion proteins containing 70% (amino acids 38-148) of the full 18k protein fused to either a short leader sequence containing six asparagine residues or to beta-galactosidase, and the full length 18k protein. all three recombinant antigens were recognized by igg antibodies which were r ...	1992	1282140
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of a 12-kda protein of mycobacterium leprae with sera from leprosy patients.	a low molecular weight protein was obtained from a sonicate of armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae cells and from a lambda gt11 phage lysate of escherichia coli (specifying the m. leprae 12-kda protein) by a single step of ultrafiltration. both proteins had an approximate molecular weight of about 12,000 (by sds-page) and were recognized by the m. leprae 12-kda-specific monoclonal antibody ml06 by immunoblotting. sera from 79 leprosy patients across the clinical spectrum, 17 contacts, and 12 ...	1992	1282142
analysis of circulating immune complexes from leprosy patients for mycobacterium leprae antigens.	circulating immune complexes (cics) from 31 leprosy patients (16 tuberculoid, 15 lepromatous) and 12 healthy volunteers, precipitated by 3.5% polyethylene glycol, were individually subjected to sds-page and immunoblotting using a variety of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against mycobacterium leprae. a common mycobacterial antigen of an apparent molecular size of 65 kda was identified in cics from about 40% of the patients. no correlation was observed between the positivity for this antige ...	1992	1282143
anti-peripheral nerve antibodies in leprosy patients recognize an epitope shared by the m. leprae 65 kda heat shock protein.	binding of leprosy sera to peripheral nerve from different species (mouse, guinea pig and rabbit) was evaluated by elisa. a majority of sera, whatever the clinical form of leprosy, bind to these antigens. absorption with mycobacterium bovis bcg demonstrated that these antibodies recognize cross-reactive epitopes between peripheral nerve and mycobacteria. in immunoblot analysis, both leprosy patient sera and a monoclonal antibody directed at the 65 kda heat shock protein of m. leprae were shown t ...	1992	1283301
reversal of drug resistance in mycobacterium leprae by ampicillin/sulbactam.	the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in foot pads of experimentally-infected mice was suppressed by intramuscular administration of ampicillin combined with sulbactam or ytr-830h, two potent inhibitors of beta-lactamase in the bacteria. the antibiotic or the inhibitors by themselves were inactive. ampicillin/sulbactam also inhibited the growth of drug-resistant m. leprae which grew in the presence of rifampin or dapsone. the finding provides a new approach to treat leprosy and to overcome ...	1992	1287401
viability of acid-fast bacilli from gamma-& uv-irradiated lepromatous armadillo tissues infected with mycobacterium leprae.	gamma-irradiated splenic homogenates of armadillos infected with m. leprae proved sterile by conventional tests and media. however, on media for chemoautotrophy, these could repeatedly grow as a single type of acid-fast nocardioform bacterium like the unirradiated specimens, although with a much reduced count. in the slide culture, transition from the initial afb/coccoid bodies, to sporulating mycelia and granules in the final stage, could be observed sequentially. the gamma-irradiated tissue sp ...	1992	1291459
comparative antigenic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates from aids patients.	sonicates of several mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients were characterized in order to study the prominent antigens of these strains. sonicates of 6-week-old cultures were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blotting. a major 12 kda glycoprotein antigen was observed in all the sonicates along with other proteins ranging up to 100 kda. western blotting, using the 12 kda ...	1992	1292716
significance of antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-i in leprosy diagnosis.	a gelatin particle agglutination assay for the detection of anti pgl-i antibodies in 40 clinically diagnosed and variously classified groups of leprosy cases revealed elevated pgl-i antibody titers in 85% of cases. in contrast, the slit-skin smear examination was positive in only 30% of cases. it was further observed that, out of 28 cases with bacteriological index (b.i.) zero, 22 cases (78.5%) had significant levels of pgl-i antibodies. there was no case in which the slit skin smear was positiv ...	1992	1293187
relapses in multibacillary leprosy patients after stopping treatment with rifampin-containing combined regimens. marchoux chemotherapy study group.	during the decade between the mid 1970s and the mid-1980s, 12 rifampin (rmp)-containing combined regimens were tested among lepromatous leprosy patients in the institut marchoux. the 384 patients who were seen at least once during the period beginning 12 months after completion of treatment were considered eligible for analysis of the relapse rate. by the end of may 1991, relapse, manifested by a significant increase of the bacterial index (bi) and the appearance of new lesions with a bi greater ...	1992	1299707
short-term trial of clofazimine in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy.	forty-five previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients were allocated randomly to three groups and treated, respectively, with regimen a, standard dosage of clofazimine (clo) in multidrug therapy (mdt) regimen; regimen b, clo 600 mg once every 4 weeks; and regimen c, clo 1200 mg once every 4 weeks. the duration of the trial was 24 weeks. by the end of the trial, although a few patients in each group did not improve at all clinically, the majority of patients showed clinical amelioration bu ...	1992	1299709
suppressive effect of circulating immune complexes from leprosy patients on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by m. leprae antigens in healthy responders.	the effect of circulating immune complexes, isolated in the form of polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitates from leprosy patients, on lymphocyte proliferation was studied. the results obtained showed that peg precipitates obtained from the borderline lepromatous/lepromatous (bl/ll) types of leprosy patients and those undergoing erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) had significant suppressive effects on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by mycobacterium leprae antigens in healthy responders. the per ...	1992	1299711
use of a different buffer system in the phenolic glycolipid-i elisa.	by changing the buffer system in the phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) the sensitivity of the test was increased without altering its specificity. using a tris-hcl buffer, significant titers of > or = 1:300 were found in 53.1% of the sera in paucibacillary (pb) and 98.0% of the sera in multibacillary (mb) groups of patients. titer levels were also significantly increased. in the pb group of patients with tris-hcl, the highest titer detected was 1:1200; in th ...	1992	1299712
microtiter particle agglutination test for diagnosis of leprosy.	the results of studying the microtiter particle agglutination (mpa) test for detecting anti-mycobacterium leprae antibodies in blood sera are presented. the serodiagnostic test is based on the agglutination of colored polyacrolein latex microparticles (pamp) conjugated with 3,6-di-o-methyl-d-glucose (dmg). sera from 45 leprosy patients (ll, bl), 34 leprosy contacts, and 148 control subjects were investigated by the mpa test. a correlation between the anti-m. leprae antibodies and the bacterial l ...	1992	1299713
suitability of a skin-smear examination needle for leprosy screening by pcr.		1992	1299722
genetic vaccines against genetically infective macromolecules?		1992	1299723
inoculation of foot pads of severe combined immunodeficient mice with m. leprae.		1992	1299724
adaptation of mycobacterium psychrophilum (l) to mesophilic growth on water-soluble palmitic acid complex agar media.		1992	1299725
leprosy vaccines.		1992	1304294
evaluation of bactec 460 tb system for measurement of in vitro anti-mycobacterium leprae activity of various antimicrobials.	in vitro anti-leprosy activities of various antimicrobials were measured by using the bactec 460 tb system. the growth index reducing activities of test drugs were strong in clofazimine, krm-1648, rifabutin, clarithromycin and rifampicin; intermediate in sparfloxacin, minocycline and ofloxacin; and weak in ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin and dds. amikacin, pipemidic acid, enoxacin and norfloxacin had no such in vitro activities. there is a close correlation between in vitro and in vivo anti-m. leprae ...	1992	1308482
demonstration of pgl-i & lam-b antigens in paraffin sections of leprosy skin lesions.	an investigation on the demonstration of pgl-i and lam-b antigens in thirty-four paraffin embedded skin biopsies taken from leprosy patients who covered the whole spectrum of the disease and in four control specimens was carried out. neither the pgl-i antigen nor the lam-b antigen was demonstrated in the normal skin specimens that were used as negative control; and only the lam-b antigen appeared in the tuberculosis specimens in which the pgl-i antigen was negative. the pgl-i antigen was demonst ...	1992	1308483
venezuela results and after.		1992	1308519
gelatin particle agglutination assay to detect anti-pgl-i antibodies in leprosy patients and in household contacts: a preliminary study.	a preliminary study of anti-phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) igm antibody detection using m. leprae gelatin particle agglutination (mlpa) test kit is described. antibodies were demonstrated in 70% of our leprosy patients taking antileprosy treatment. the percentage of positivity of multibacillary cases was 86.0, whereas that of paucibacillary cases was 30.0. good correlation was found between bacteriological index and the presence of antibodies. antibodies were detected in 28% of our patients relea ...	1992	1308520
utility of gelatin particle agglutination test (mlpa) for rapid serodiagnosis of leprosy in a hyperendemic area.	the anti-pgl m. leprae specific antibodies were estimated by mlpa test in 79 patients of leprosy, 8 contacts of lepromatous cases and 10 healthy controls in a hyperendemic area. the results indicated an over all seropositivity of 50.6% in leprosy patients. three of the eight contacts and five of the controls also gave positive results. higher seropositivity rates were noted in multibacillary patients (73% in lepromatous, 53.6% in borderline, 40% each in tuberculoid and indeterminate and 10% in p ...	1992	1308521
utility of beige mouse in leprosy research.	dissemination of m. leprae to visceral organs is seen by four months onwards only in beige (c57bl/6/bgj) but not balb/c mice following intravenous or intraperitoneal infections. inoculation of the beige mouse derived m. leprae showed all the characteristics of m. leprae, including growth pattern in the foot-pads of balb/c mice. m. leprae inoculated into foot-pads of beige mice multiplied faster than those in the foot-pads of balb/c mice. the possibility of using beige mouse in chemotherapeutic s ...	1992	1308522
prevalence of colour blindness among patients with leprosy.	using ishihara test plates the prevalence of colour blindness was studied on six hundred and ninety-seven leprosy patients and two hundred and ninety-two normal healthy controls. 7.88% of male patients with tuberculoid leprosy, 12.18% of male patients with lepromatous leprosy, and 0.67% of male controls were detected to be colour blind (red-green deficiency or total colour weakness). the differences between the different groups are significant. among female patients and controls, only one leprom ...	1992	1308523
leprosy-derived chemoautotrophic nocardioform (can) bacteria closely resemble, or are identical with, mycobacterium leprae on mycolate and other lipid profiles.	on the basis of thin layer chromatography and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometric studies, the lipid profiles of all the chemoautotrophic nocardioform (can) bacteria derived from human and animal leprosy tissues appear to be identical with each other, and closest to or identical with the most probable profile of m. leprae.	1992	1308529
a murine cd4-, cd8- t cell receptor-gamma delta t lymphocyte clone specific for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein i.	the role of tcr-gamma delta t lymphocytes in immune responses is currently not well understood. tcr-gamma delta cells have a limited repertoire suggesting that tcr-gamma delta t a limited number of evolutionarily conserved ag such as nonpolymorphic mhc and heat shock proteins. tcr-gamma delta t lymphocytes appear in enhanced numbers in skin lesions produced by mycobacterium leprae and in the synovial fluid of joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis, raising the possibility that this subset of t ...	1992	1310711
diagnosis of nerve abscess in leprosy by sonography.		1992	1315363
activity of sparfloxacin against mycobacterium leprae inoculated into footpads of nude mice.	the antileprosy activity of a new quinolone, sparfloxacin, was examined in the nude mouse footpad model. by serial dosing (once a day, 5 or 6 times per week, during the 3rd-5th months postinoculation), 10 mg/kg of sparfloxacin displayed bactericidal-type activity and bacteriostatic activity was present at daily doses of 5 and 2 mg/kg. by intermittent dosing (once a day, twice weekly at daily doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg or once weekly at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg, during the 3rd-5th months postinocul ...	1992	1322480
a unique type of gaba binding by mycobacterium leprae.	neurotropism is one of the unusual properties of mycobacterium leprae. the organism contains glutamic acid decarboxylase that generates gamma-amino-butyric acid (gaba) which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. the binding of gaba by m. leprae in vitro was studied by using 3h-gaba as substrate. the bacteria had high-affinity binding sites for the amino acid. the uptake was a specific saturable process with a km of 66.7 pm, ph optimum of 7.3 and a temperature optimum of 37 degrees c. the binding di ...	1992	1323745
limited t-cell receptor beta-chain diversity of a t-helper cell type 1-like response to mycobacterium leprae.	delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) is the standard measure of t-cell responsiveness to infectious organisms. for leprosy, the mitsuda reaction, a local immune response to cutaneous challenge with mycobacterium leprae, is considered to represent a measure of dth against the pathogen. we analyzed the diversity of the t-cell receptor beta-chain repertoire in mitsuda reactions to determine the breadth of the mycobacterial antigens involved. the polymerase chain reaction was used to compare v beta u ...	1992	1328060
t-cell receptor beta-chain gene usage in the t-cell recognition of mycobacterium leprae antigens in one tuberculoid leprosy patient.	the beta chain of the t-cell antigen receptor present on 20 t-cell clones isolated from a tuberculoid leprosy patient was studied by gene rearrangement and pcr analysis. these t-cell clones all responded to mycobacterium leprae-encoded protein antigens, and 8 of them specifically recognized peptides of the mycobacterial 65-kda heat shock polypeptide (65hsp). all t-cell clones studied were hla-dr-restricted (dr2 or -3). in the dr3-restricted group, 7 of 10 used a beta-chain variable region v beta ...	1992	1333603
adenosine triphosphate content of mycobacterium leprae by percoll buoyant density centrifugation.	thirty nine untreated patients of bacilliferous leprosy with a mean bacteriological index of 4.8 and morphological index of 1.3% formed the study group. adenosine triphosphate assay was carried out by (i) enzyme treatment method in 18 patients and (ii) percoll buoyant density gradient method in 21 patients. atp content obtained by percoll buoyant density gradient method was significantly higher than that obtained by enzyme treatment method. percoll buoyant density centrifugation for purification ...	1992	1334044
activities of various quinolone antibiotics against mycobacterium leprae in infected mice.	previously, pefloxacin and ofloxacin were found to be active against mycobacterium leprae in vitro, in experimental animals, and in clinical trials of lepromatous leprosy patients. in this study, we compared certain more recently developed fluoroquinolones (lomefloxacin, pd 124816, win 57273, temafloxacin, and sparfloxacin) with pefloxacin and ofloxacin in m. leprae-infected mice at doses of 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg given five times weekly. all seven of the fluoroquinolones studies were active aga ...	1992	1336951
bactericidal activities of single or multiple doses of various combinations of new antileprosy drugs and/or rifampin against m. leprae in mice.	the bactericidal activities against mycobacterium leprae of single or multiple doses of various combinations of new antileprosy drugs [minocycline (mino), clarithromycin (clari), ofloxacin (oflo), and sparfloxacin (spfx)] and/or rifampin (rmp) were titrated in immunocompetent mice by the proportional bactericidal method. drugs were administered by gavage at the following dosages (mg/kg) per dose: rmp 10, mino 25, clari 100, oflo 150, and spfx 50. all 15 regimens exerted significant bactericidal ...	1992	1338596