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computer aided identification of a hevein-like antimicrobial peptide of bell pepper leaves for biotechnological use.antimicrobial peptides from plants present mechanisms of action that are different from those of conventional defense agents. they are under-explored but have a potential as commercial antimicrobials. bell pepper leaves ('magali r') are discarded after harvesting the fruit and are sources of bioactive peptides. this work reports the isolation by peptidomics tools, and the identification and partially characterization by computational tools of an antimicrobial peptide from bell pepper leaves, and ...201628105928
cerebrospinal fluid in a small cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis was generally free of microbial dna.multiple sclerosis (ms) is a common cause of non-traumatic neurologic disability with high incidence in many developed countries. although the etiology of the disease remains elusive, it is thought to entail genetic and environmental causes, and microbial pathogens have also been envisioned as contributors to the phenotype. we conducted a metagenomic survey in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 28 ms patients and 15 patients suffering other type of neurological conditions. we detected bacterial read ...201628111617
cerebrospinal fluid in a small cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis was generally free of microbial dna.multiple sclerosis (ms) is a common cause of non-traumatic neurologic disability with high incidence in many developed countries. although the etiology of the disease remains elusive, it is thought to entail genetic and environmental causes, and microbial pathogens have also been envisioned as contributors to the phenotype. we conducted a metagenomic survey in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 28 ms patients and 15 patients suffering other type of neurological conditions. we detected bacterial read ...201628111617
ralstonia solanacearum differentially colonizes roots of resistant and susceptible tomato plants.ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and infects over 200 plant species in 50 families. the soilborne bacterium is lethal to many solanaceous species, including tomato. although resistant plants can carry high pathogen loads (between 10(5) and 10(8) cfu/g fresh weight), the disease is best controlled by the use of resistant cultivars, particularly resistant rootstocks. how these plants have latent infections yet maintain resistance is not clear. r. solanacearum first infe ...201728112595
involvement of ralfuranones in the quorum sensing signalling pathway and virulence of ralstonia solanacearum strain oe1-1.the soil-borne, plant-pathogenic ralstonia solanacearum strain oe1-1 produces and secretes methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-oh mame) as a quorum sensing (qs) signal, which contributes to its virulence. a global virulence regulator, phca, functioning through the qs system, positively regulates the expression of rala, which encodes furanone synthase, to produce aryl-furanone secondary metabolites, ralfuranones. a ralfuranone-deficient mutant (δrala) is weakly virulent when directly inoculated into tom ...201728116815
characterization of novel acidobacteria exopolysaccharides with potential industrial and ecological applications.acidobacteria have been described as one of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial phyla in soil. however, factors contributing to this ecological success are not well elucidated mainly due to difficulties in bacterial isolation. acidobacteria may be able to survive for long periods in soil due to protection provided by secreted extracellular polymeric substances that include exopolysaccharides (epss). here we present the first study to characterize epss derived from two strains of acidobact ...201728117455
native and foreign proteins secreted by the cupriavidus metallidurans type ii system and an alternative mechanism.the type ii secretion system (t2ss), which transports selected periplasmic proteins across the outer membrane, has rarely been studied in nonpathogens or in organisms classified as betaproteobacteria. therefore, we studied cupriavidus metallidurans (cme), a facultative chemilithoautotroph. gel analysis of extracellular proteins revealed no remarkable differences between wild type and t2ss mutants. however, enzyme assays revealed that native extracellular alkaline phosphatase is a t2ss substrate, ...201728119513
antimicrobial peptides from fruits and their potential use as biotechnological tools-a review and outlook.bacterial resistance is a major threat to plant crops, animals and human health, and over the years this situation has increasingly spread worldwide. due to their many bioactive compounds, plants are promising sources of antimicrobial compounds that can potentially be used in the treatment of infections caused by microorganisms. as well as stem, flowers and leaves, fruits have an efficient defense mechanism against pests and pathogens, besides presenting nutritional and functional properties due ...201628119671
antimicrobial peptides from fruits and their potential use as biotechnological tools-a review and outlook.bacterial resistance is a major threat to plant crops, animals and human health, and over the years this situation has increasingly spread worldwide. due to their many bioactive compounds, plants are promising sources of antimicrobial compounds that can potentially be used in the treatment of infections caused by microorganisms. as well as stem, flowers and leaves, fruits have an efficient defense mechanism against pests and pathogens, besides presenting nutritional and functional properties due ...201628119671
oxalic acid from lentinula edodes culture filtrate: antimicrobial activity on phytopathogenic bacteria and qualitative and quantitative analyses.the culture filtrate of lentinula edodes shows potent antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogenic bacteria ralstonia solanacearum. bioassay-guided fractionation was conducted using diaion hp-20 column chromatography, and the insoluble active compound was not adsorbed on the resin. further fractionation by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) suggested that the active compounds were organic acids. nine organic acids were detected in the culture filtrate of l. edodes; oxalic acid ...201628154495
diverse microbial communities in non-aerated compost teas suppress bacterial wilt.non-aerated compost teas (ncts) are water extracts of composted organic materials and are used to suppress soil borne and foliar disease in many pathosystems. greenhouse trials were used to test the effectiveness of ncts to suppress potato bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum on plants grown in soils inoculated with a virulent isolate of the pathogen (biovar ii). ncts prepared from matured compost sources: agricultural waste (awct), vermicompost (vct) and solid municipal waste (smwct) ...201728181116
loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of ralstonia solanacearum phylotype i mulberry strains in china.ralstonia solanacearum phylotype i mulberry strains are causative agent of bacterial wilt of mulberry. current diagnostic methods are not adopted to the mulberry wilt disease. in this study, we developed a rapid method, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), to detect r. solanacearum phylotype i mulberry strains. a set of six primers was designed to target the clone mg67 sequence in this lamp detection which can be completed in 20 min at 64°c. the results of the lamp reaction could be ob ...201728197157
resource availability modulates biodiversity-invasion relationships by altering competitive interactions.community diversity affects the survival of newly introduced species via resource competition. competitive interactions can be modulated by resource availability and we hypothesized that this may alter biodiversity-invasion relationships. to study this, we assessed the growth of a bacterial invader, ralstonia solanacearum, when introduced into communities comprised of one to five closely related resident species under different resource concentrations. the invader growth was then examined as a f ...201728229529
the ralstonia solanacearum effector ripak suppresses plant hypersensitive response by inhibiting the activity of host catalases.the destructive bacterial pathogen ralstonia solanacearum delivers effector proteins via a type-iii secretion system for its pathogenesis of plant hosts. however, the biochemical functions of most of these effectors remain unclear. ripak of r. solanacearum gmi1000 is a type-iii effector with unknown functions. functional analysis demonstrated that in tobacco leaves, ripak knockout bacteria produced an obvious hypersensitive response; also, infected tissues accumulated reactive oxygen species in ...201728252830
the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond.type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ...201728264910
analyses of natural variation indicates that the absence of rps4/rrs1 and amino acid change in rps4 cause loss of their functions and resistance to pathogens.a pair of arabidopsis thaliana resistance proteins, rps4 and rrs1, recognizes the cognate avr effector from the bacterial pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing avrrps4 (pst-avrrps4), ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungal pathogen colletotrichum higginsianum and leads to defense signaling activation against the pathogens. in the present study, we analyzed 14 a. thaliana accessions for natural variation in pst-avrrps4 and c. higginsianum susceptibility, and found new compatible and ...201728277970
corrigendum: loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of ralstonia solanacearum phylotype i mulberry strains in china.[this corrects the article on p. 76 in vol. 8, pmid: 28197157.].201728280502
growth of bacterial phytopathogens in animal manures.animal manures are routinely applied to agricultural lands to improve crop yield, but the possibility to spread bacterial phytopathogens through field fertilization has not been considered yet. we monitored 49 cattle, horse, swine, sheep or chicken manure samples collected in 14 polish voivodeships for the most important plant pathogenic bacteria - ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pectobacterium atros ...201728319994
multiplex pcr for simultaneous identification of ralstonia solanacearum and xanthomonas perforans.ralstonia solanacearum is a causative agent of bacterial wilt in many economically important crops, and xanthomonas perforans is the causal organism of bacterial spot, one of the most important diseases of vegetables. a multiplex pcr protocol has been developed for the simultaneous, specific and rapid identification of r. solanacearum and x. perforans in plant materials. species-specific primers rs-f-759 and rs-r-760 for r. solanacearum, rst2 and rst3 for x. perforans were used for identificatio ...201528324289
isolation and characterization of plant and human pathogenic bacteria from green pepper (capsicum annum l.) in riyadh, saudi arabia.forty-three bacterial isolates in five genera were recovered from naturally infected green pepper fruits (38 samples) showing dark brown, irregular-shaped splotches. the pathogenicity test was performed on healthy green pepper fruits and red colonies were from inoculated fruits showing the same symptoms and the infected area developed into soft rot. their identification was based on phenotypic characters and sequence of the gene fragment coding 16s rrna. of 43 isolates, 10 showing splotches on g ...201428324470
microbial community composition is related to soil biological and chemical properties and bacterial wilt outbreak.soil microbes play important roles in plant growth and health. little is known about the differences of soil microbes between healthy and bacterial wilt infected soils with ralstonia solanacearum. by illumina-miseq sequencing of 16s rrna and 18s rrna gene amplicons, we found the soil microbial composition and diversity were distinct between healthy and bacterial wilt infected soils. soil microbial community varied at different plant growth stages due to changes of root exudates composition and s ...201728336973
transcriptomes of ralstonia solanacearum during root colonization of solanum commersonii.bacterial wilt of potatoes-also called brown rot-is a devastating disease caused by the vascular pathogen ralstonia solanacearum that leads to significant yield loss. as in other plant-pathogen interactions, the first contacts established between the bacterium and the plant largely condition the disease outcome. here, we studied the transcriptome of r. solanacearum uy031 early after infection in two accessions of the wild potato solanum commersonii showing contrasting resistance to bacterial wil ...201728373879
concurrent drought stress and vascular pathogen infection induce common and distinct transcriptomic responses in chickpea.chickpea (cicer arietinum); the second largest legume grown worldwide is prone to drought and various pathogen infections. these drought and pathogen stresses often occur concurrently in the field conditions. however, the molecular events in response to that are largely unknown. the present study examines the transcriptome dynamics in chickpea plants exposed to a combination of water-deficit stress and ralstonia solanacearum infection. r. solanacearum is a potential wilt disease causing pathogen ...201728382041
complete genome sequence of ralstonia solanacearum fjat-1458, a potential biocontrol agent for tomato wilt.an avirulent strain of ralstonia solanacearum fjat-1458 was isolated from a living tomato. here, we report the complete r. solanacearum fjat-1458 genome sequence of 6,059,899 bp and 5,241 genes. this bacterial strain is a potential candidate as a biocontrol agent in the form of a plant vaccine for bacterial wilt.201728385834
corrigendum: loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of ralstonia solanacearum phylotype i mulberry strains in china.[this corrects the article on p. 76 in vol. 8, pmid: 28197157.].201728405200
genome sequencing and analysis of ralstonia solanacearum phylotype i strains fjat-91, fjat-452 and fjat-462 isolated from tomato, eggplant, and chili pepper in china.ralstonia solanacearum is an extremely destructive pathogen able to cause disease in a wide range of host plants. here we report the draft genome sequences of the strains fjat-91, fjat-452 and fjat-462, isolated from tomato, eggplant, and chili pepper, respectively, in china. in addition to the genome annotation, we performed a search for type-iii secreted effectors in these strains, providing a detailed annotation of their presence and distinctive features compared to the effector repertoire of ...201728428834
comparative analysis of ralstonia solanacearum methylomes.ralstonia solanacearum is an important soil-borne plant pathogen with broad geographical distribution and the ability to cause wilt disease in many agriculturally important crops. genome sequencing of multiple r. solanacearum strains has identified both unique and shared genetic traits influencing their evolution and ability to colonize plant hosts. previous research has shown that dna methylation can drive speciation and modulate virulence in bacteria, but the impact of epigenetic modifications ...201728450872
a practical guide to visualization and statistical analysis of r. solanacearum infection data using r.this paper describes and summarizes approaches for visualization and statistical analysis using data from ralstonia solanacearum infection experiments based on methods and concepts that are broadly applicable. members of the r. solanacearum species complex cause bacterial wilt disease. bacterial wilt is a lethal plant disease and has been studied for over 100 years. during this time various methods to quantify disease and different ways to analyze the generated data have been employed. here, i a ...201728484483
soil acidification aggravates the occurrence of bacterial wilt in south china.soil acidification is a major problem in modern agricultural systems and is an important factor affecting the soil microbial community and soil health. however, little is known about the effect of soil acidification on soil-borne plant diseases. we performed a 4-year investigation in south china to evaluate the correlation between soil acidification and the occurrence of bacterial wilt. the results showed that the average soil ph in fields infected by bacterial wilt disease was much lower than t ...201728487678
prokaryotic communities at different depths between soils with and without tomato bacterial wilt but pathogen-present in a single greenhouse.the characterization of microbial communities that promote or suppress soil-borne pathogens is important for controlling plant diseases. we compared prokaryotic communities in soil with or without the signs of tomato bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum. soil samples were collected from a greenhouse at two different depths because this pathogen is present in deep soil. we used samples from sites in which we detected phca, a key gene regulating r. solanacearum pathogenicity. the pyrose ...201728502968
recruitment of a lineage-specific virulence regulatory pathway promotes intracellular infection by a plant pathogen experimentally evolved into a legume symbiont.ecological transitions between different lifestyles, such as pathogenicity, mutualism and saprophytism, have been very frequent in the course of microbial evolution, and often driven by horizontal gene transfer. yet, how genomes achieve the ecological transition initiated by the transfer of complex biological traits remains poorly known. here we used experimental evolution, genomics, transcriptomics and high-resolution phenotyping to analyze the evolution of the plant pathogen ralstonia solanace ...201728535261
ralstonia solanacearum and r. pseudosolanacearum on eucalyptus: opportunists or primary pathogens?ralstonia solanacearum and r. pseudosolanacearum are well known primary pathogens of herbaceous crops. reports of wilt caused by these pathogens in tree species are limited other than on eucalyptus species. despite the widespread occurrence of so-called bacterial wilt on eucalypts in tropical and sub-tropical parts of africa, asia, and the americas, there remain many contradictions relating to the disease. our field observations over many years in most regions where the disease occurs on eucalyp ...201728553301
general phytoplasma detection by a q-pcr method using mycoplasma primers.phytoplasmas and mycoplasmas are bacteria belonging to the class mollicutes. in this study, a fine tuning of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) with a universal mycoplasma primer pair (gpo3f/mgso) targeting the 16s rrna gene was carried out on phytoplasmas. the dissociation curves of dnas from catharanthus roseus phytoplasma-infected micropropagated shoots and from phytoplasma field-infected plant samples showed a single peak at 82.5 °c (±0.5) specifically detecting phytoplasmas belon ...201728558918
eggplant resistance to the ralstonia solanacearum species complex involves both broad-spectrum and strain-specific quantitative trait loci.bacterial wilt (bw) is a major disease of solanaceous crops caused by the ralstonia solanacearum species complex (rssc). strains are grouped into five phylotypes (i, iia, iib, iii, and iv). varietal resistance is the most sustainable strategy for managing bw. nevertheless, breeding to improve cultivar resistance has been limited by the pathogen's extensive genetic diversity. identifying the genetic bases of specific and non-specific resistance is a prerequisite to breed improvement. a major gene ...201728580001
multiple disease resistance loci affect soilborne disease resistance in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum).phytophthora nicotianae and ralstonia solanacearum are two of the most important pathogens affecting tobacco worldwide. greater insight regarding genetic systems controlling resistance to these two soilborne pathogens, as well as identification of dna markers associated with genomic regions controlling this resistance, could aid in variety development. an evaluation of 50 historical tobacco lines revealed a high positive correlation between resistances to the two pathogens, preliminarily suggest ...201728581342
preparative separation of tl1-1 from daldinia eschscholzii extract by macroporous resin and evaluation of its antimicrobial activities.2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (tl1-1) has already been reported to exhibit significant activities such as cytotoxicity, antifungal activity and growth inhibitory activity. in order to simply and efficiently separate tl1-1 from crude extracts of daldinia eschscholzii on a large-preparative scale, xad-16 resin was selected from ten types of resin based on its superior adsorption and desorption performance. adsorption equilibrium data for this resin fitted well with pseudo-first order ...201728582661
rhizophagus irregularis mucl 41833 transitorily reduces tomato bacterial wilt incidence caused by ralstonia solanacearum under in vitro conditions.bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is one of the world's most important soil-borne plant diseases. in martinique, french west indies, a highly virulent new pathogenic variant of this bacterium (phylotype iib/4npb) severely impacts tomato production. here we report on the effect of r. solanacearum cfbp 6783, classified in phytotype iib/4npb, on tomato plantlets grown under strict in vitro culture conditions in the presence or absence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus rhizophagus i ...201728585092
three draft genome sequences of the bacterial plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum, isolated in georgia.ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, is a devastating bacterial plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts. we report here the first draft genome sequences for three strains of ralstonia solanacearum isolated from infected potato, tomato, and pepper plants in georgia.201728596403
tube-wise diagnostic microarray for the multiplex characterization of the complex plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum.ralstonia solanacearum is a well-known agricultural and ecological threat worldwide. the complexity of the r. solanacearum species complex (rssc) represents a challenge for the accurate characterization of epidemiological strains by official services and research laboratories. the majority of protocols only focus on a narrow range of strains; however, this species complex includes strains that represent major constraints and are under strict regulation. the main drawback associated with the curr ...201728596774
direct and indirect visualization of bacterial effector delivery into diverse plant cell types during infection.to cause disease, diverse pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells. pathogen effectors can inhibit defense responses, alter host physiology, and represent important cellular probes to investigate plant biology. however, effector function and localization have primarily been investigated after overexpression in planta. visualizing effector delivery during infection is challenging due to the plant cell wall, autofluorescence, and low effector abundance. here, we used a gfp strand system ...201728600390
genome sequencing of ralstonia solanacearum cqps-1, a phylotype i strain collected from a highland area with continuous cropping of tobacco.ralstonia solanacearum, an agent of bacterial wilt, is a highly variable species with a broad host range and wide geographic distribution. as a species complex, it has extensive genetic diversity and its living environment is polymorphic like the lowland and the highland area, so more genomes are needed for studying population evolution and environment adaptation. in this paper, we reported the genome sequencing of r. solanacearum strain cqps-1 isolated from wilted tobacco in pengshui, chongqing ...201728620361
a sugarcane pathogenesis-related protein, scpr10, plays a positive role in defense responses under sporisorium scitamineum, srmv, sa, and meja stresses.a pathogenesis-related gene, scpr10 , was isolated from sugarcane and its bio-function was characterized, demonstrating that scpr10 was involved in plant defense responses to sporisorium scitamineum , srmv, sa, and meja stresses. plant fungal and viral diseases are the major concerns in sugarcane industry. many anti-fungal and antivirus components, including pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, have been identified. the pathogenesis-related protein 10 (pr10) is the dominant group in pr families, ...201728634719
regulation involved in colonization of intercellular spaces of host plants in ralstonia solanacearum.a soil-borne bacterium ralstonia solanacearum invading plant roots first colonizes the intercellular spaces of the root, and eventually enters xylem vessels, where it replicates at high levels leading to wilting symptoms. after invasion into intercellular spaces, r. solanacearum strain oe1-1 attaches to host cells and expression of the hrp genes encoding components of the type iii secretion system (t3ss). oe1-1 then constructs t3ss and secrets effectors into host cells, inducing expression of th ...201728642776
replications of two closely related groups of jumbo phages show different level of dependence on host-encoded rna polymerase.ralstonia solanacearum phages φrp12 and φrp31 are jumbo phages isolated in thailand. here we show that they exhibit similar virion morphology, genome organization and host range. genome comparisons as well as phylogenetic and proteomic tree analyses support that they belong to the group of φkz-related phages, with their closest relatives being r. solanacearum phages φrsl2 and φrsf1. compared with φrsl2 and φrsf1, φrp12 and φrp31 possess larger genomes (ca. 280 kbp, 25% larger). the replication o ...201728659872
hpab-dependent secretion of type iii effectors in the plant pathogens ralstonia solanacearum and xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.plant pathogenic bacteria exerts their pathogenicity through the injection of large repertoires of type iii effectors (t3es) into plant cells, a mechanism controlled in part by type iii chaperones (t3cs). in ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, little is known about the control of type iii secretion at the post-translational level. here, we provide evidence that the hpab and hpad proteins do act as bona fide r. solanacearum class ib chaperones that associate with several t ...201728687734
modulation of inter-kingdom communication by phcbsr quorum sensing system in ralstonia solanacearum phylotype i strain gmi1000.ralstonia solanacearum is a ubiquitous soil-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, which frequently encounters and interacts with other soil cohabitants in competition for environmental niches. ralsolamycin, which is encoded by the rmy genes, has been characterized as a novel inter-kingdom interaction signal that induces chlamydospore development in fungi. in this study, we provide the first genetic evidence that the rmy gene expression is controlled by the phcbsr quorum sensing (qs) system in strain ...201728690607
comparative genomics identifies a novel conserved protein, hpat, in proteobacterial type iii secretion systems that do not possess the putative translocon protein hrpf.xanthomonas translucens is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak, the most common bacterial disease of wheat and barley. to cause disease, most xanthomonads depend on a highly conserved type iii secretion system, which translocates type iii effectors into host plant cells. mutagenesis of the conserved type iii secretion gene hrct confirmed that the x. translucens type iii secretion system is required to cause disease on the host plant barley and to trigger a non-host hypersensitive response ...201728694803
complete factorial design to adjust ph and sugar concentrations in the inoculum phase of ralstonia solanacearum to optimize p(3hb) production.poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (p(3hb)) is a biodegradable plastic biopolymer that accumulates as lipophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of some microorganisms. the biotechnological process by which p(3hb) is synthesized occurs in two phases. the first phase involves cell growth in a complex culture medium, while the second phase involves polymer accumulation in the presence of excess carbon sources. as such, the efficiency of the second phase depends on the first phase. the aim of this study was to ev ...201728704411
ralstonia solanacearum novel e3 ubiquitin ligase (nel) effectors ripaw and ripar suppress pattern-triggered immunity in plants.ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops. this pathogen injects more than 70 effector proteins into host plant cells via the hrp type iii secretion system to cause a successful infection. however, the function of these effectors in plant cells, especially in the suppression of plant immunity, remains largely unknown. in this study, we characterized two ralstonia solanacearum effectors, ripaw and ripar, which share homology with the ipah family of effector ...201728708051
exposure to umbelliferone reduces ralstonia solanacearum biofilm formation, transcription of type iii secretion system regulators and effectors and virulence on tobacco.ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating phytopathogens and causes bacterial wilt, which leads to severe economic loss due to its worldwide distribution and broad host range. certain plant-derived compounds (pdcs) can impair bacterial virulence by suppressing pathogenic factors of r. solanacearum. however, the inhibitory mechanisms of pdcs in bacterial virulence remain largely unknown. in this study, we screened a library of coumarins and derivatives, natural pdcs with fused benzene ...201728713361
wheat rop proteins modulate defense response through lignin metabolism.rop is a subfamily of small gtp-binding proteins that uniquely exist in plants. it acts as versatile molecular switches that regulate various developmental processes. some rop proteins are also reported to affect defense responses, although their exact mechanism is not fully understood. herein, rop members in wheat were mined; the functions of three wheat rop proteins were studied. rt-pcr results showed that the expression of tarac1 was rapidly and strongly induced after leaf rust infection. tar ...201728716418
ralfuranones contribute to mushroom-type biofilm formation by ralstonia solanacearum strain oe1-1.after invasion into intercellular spaces of tomato plants, the soil-borne plant pathogenic ralstonia solanacearum strain oe1-1 forms mushroom-shaped biofilms (mushroom-type biofilms, mbfs) on tomato cells, leading to its virulence. the strain oe1-1 produces aryl-furanone secondary metabolites, ralfuranones (a, b, j, k and l), dependent on the quorum sensing (qs) system with methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-oh mame) synthesized by phcb as a qs signal. ralfuranones are associated with the feedback loo ...201728722830
mechanism of host substrate acetylation by a yopj family effector.the yersinia outer protein j (yopj) family of bacterial effectors depends on a novel acetyltransferase domain to acetylate signalling proteins from plant and animal hosts. however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. here, we report the crystal structures of popp2, a yopj effector produced by the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum, in complex with inositol hexaphosphate (insp6), acetyl-coenzyme a (accoa) and/or substrate resistance to ralstonia solanacearum 1 (rrs1-r)wrky. popp2 recognizes t ...201728737762
antibacterial activity of tannins isolated from sapium baccatum extract and use for control of tomato bacterial wilt.in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural sources, we revealed that a crude methanol extract of sapium baccatum was highly active against ralstonia solanacearum, a causal agent of a serious disease called bacterial wilt of tomato. the bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract resulted in the isolation of seven known active compounds, including gallic acid, methyl gallate, corilagin, tercatain, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and quercetin 3-o-α-l-arabinopyranoside. their chem ...201728742863
identification of a gene involved in negative regulation for pyomelanin production in ralstonia solanacearum.ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in a wide variety of host plant species and produces a melanin-like blackish-brown pigment in stationary phase when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. to study melanin production regulation in r. solanacearum, five mutants exhibiting over-production of melanin-like pigments were selected from a transposon (tn) insertion mutant library of r. solanacearum sl341. most of the mutants except one (sl341t) were not complemented by the origin ...201728746990
ralstonins a and b, lipopeptides with chlamydospore-inducing and phytotoxic activities from the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum.ralstonia solanacearum has an orphan hybrid polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster. we herein isolate its products (named ralstonins a and b) from r. solanacearum and elucidate their structures and biological activities. ralstonins are unusual lipodepsipeptides composed of 11 amino acids (containing unique amino acids such as β-hydroxytyrosine and dehydroalanine) and a 3-amino-2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, and their production is controlled by quorum sensing, a mechanism ...201728753290
effect of volatile compounds produced by ralstonia solanacearum on plant growth promoting and systemic resistance inducing potential of bacillus volatiles.microbial volatiles play an expedient role in the agricultural ecological system by enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens, without causing hazardous effects on the environment. to explore the effects of vocs of ralstonia solanacearum tbbs1 (rs) on tobacco plant growth and on plant growth promoting efficiency of vocs produced by bacillus subtilis syst2, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in planta.201728768498
bacteriophage-based bacterial wilt biocontrol for an environmentally sustainable agriculture.bacterial wilt diseases caused by ralstonia solanacearum, r. pseudosolanacearum, and r. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (former r. solanacearum species complex) are among the most important plant diseases worldwide, severely affecting a high number of crops and ornamentals. difficulties of bacterial wilt control by non-biological methods are related to effectiveness, bacterial resistance and environmental impact. alternatively, a great many biocontrol strategies have been carried out, with the adva ...201728769942
diversity, pathogenicity, and current occurrence of bacterial wilt bacterium ralstonia solanacearum in peru.the current bacterial wilt infestation level in the potato fields in the peruvian andes was investigated by collecting stem samples from wilted plants and detecting ralstonia solanacearum. in total 39 farmers' fields located in the central and northern peru between the altitudes 2111 and 3742 m above sea level were sampled. r. solanacearum was detected in 19 fields, and in 153 out of the 358 samples analyzed. phylogenetic analysis using the partial sequence of the endoglucanase gene on strains c ...201728769944
bacterial diseases of bananas and enset: current state of knowledge and integrated approaches toward sustainable management.bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (mycosphaerella fijiensis) and fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense). however, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1) ...201728785275
scmed7, a sugarcane mediator subunit gene, acts as a regulator of plant immunity and is responsive to diverse stress and hormone treatments.the mediator complex, is an essential component of the rna polymerase ii general transcriptional machinery in eukaryotes. mediator subunit 7 (med7), a key subunit in the central module of this complex, plays an important role in gene transcriptional regulation. the present study isolated the full-length cdna of the med7 gene of sugarcane, hereby designated as scmed7, which was characterized to harbor a 525-bp open reading frame that is predicted to encode a 174-amino acid protein with a molecula ...201728785867
a conserved ear motif is required for avirulence and stability of the ralstonia solanacearum effector popp2 in planta.ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease in many high value solanaceae crops. r. solanacearum secretes around 70 effectors into host cells in order to promote infection. plants have, however, evolved specialized immune receptors that recognize corresponding effectors and confer qualitative disease resistance. in the model species arabidopsis thaliana, the paired immune receptors rrs1 (resistance to ralstonia solanacearum 1) and rps4 (resistance to pseu ...201728824668
type iii secretion-dependent and -independent phenotypes caused by ralstonia solanacearum in arabidopsis roots.the causing agent of bacterial wilt, ralstonia solanacearum, is a soilborne pathogen that invades plants through their roots, traversing many tissue layers until it reaches the xylem, where it multiplies and causes plant collapse. the effects of r. solanacearum infection are devastating and no effective approach to fight the disease is so far available. the early steps of infection, essential for colonization, as well as the early plant defense responses, remain mostly unknown. here, we have set ...201728840786
cahdz27, a homeodomain-leucine zipper i (hd-zip i) protein, positively regulates the resistance to ralstonia solanacearum infection in pepper.homeodomain-leucine zipper class i (hd-zip i) transcription factors (tfs) have been functionally characterized in plant responses to abiotic stresses, but their roles in plant immunity are poorly understood. here, a hd-zip i gene, cahz27, was isolated from pepper (capsicum annum) and characterized for its role in pepper immunity. quantitative real-time pcr showed that cahdz27 was transcriptionally induced by ralstonia solanacearum inoculation and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (meja), ...201728840788
synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridinium-functionalized carbazole derivatives as promising antibacterial agents.various pyridinium-functionalized carbazole derivatives were constructed by coupling the key fragments of carbazole skeleton and pyridinium nucleus in a single molecular architecture. antibacterial bioassays revealed that some of the title compounds displayed impressive bioactivities against plant pathogens such as xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, ralstonia solanacearum, and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri with minimal ec50 values of up to 0.4, 0.3, and 0.3mg/l, respectively. these bioactivities ...201728843708
structure of ralsolamycin, the interkingdom morphogen from the crop plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum.ralsolamycin, an inducer of chlamydospore formation in fungi, was recently reported from the plant pathogenic bacterium ralstonia solanacearum. although interpretation of tandem mass data and bioinformatics enabled a preliminary chemical characterization, the full structure of ralsolamycin was not resolved. we now report the recovery of this secondary metabolite from an engineered r. solanacearum strain. the structure of ralsolamycin was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. chemical d ...201728846435
isolated pseudomonas aeruginosa strain vih2 and antagonistic properties against ralstonia solanacearum.the aim of this study was to isolates with antagonist activity against r. solanacearum. thirty-two bacterial isolates were obtained from samples, and they were screened for potential antagonistic activity against r. solanacearum. using the agar spot method, ten out of the 21 tested bacteria showed antilisterial activity. vih2 had the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of r. solanacearum. based on 16s rdna and biolog test analysis, the strain vih2 was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa. si ...201728847494
antibacterial activity of pharbitin, isolated from the seeds of pharbitis nil, against various plant pathogenic bacteria.this study aimed to isolate and characterize an antibacterial metabolite from pharbitis nil seeds and investigate antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria. the methanol extract of p. nil seeds showed the strongest activity against xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (xap) with minimum inhibition concentration (mic) value of 250 μg/ml. among the three solvent layers obtained from the methanol extract of p. nil seeds, only butanol layer displayed the activity with mic value of ...201728851207
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