Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| interaction of vibrio vulnificus with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: association of virulence with resistance to phagocytosis. | the results of studies described in this report support the ideas that virulence of vibrio vulnificus is associated, at least in part, with resistance to phagocytosis and that the ability of the bacterium to resist phagocytosis results from its possession of an antiphagocytic surface antigen. these conclusions are based on the observations that (1) human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls) exhibited a significantly weaker chemiluminescent response and phagocytic response when interacting with a ... | 1981 | 7276636 |
| hemolytic reaction of clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus. | all vibrio vulnificus strains tested (four clinical isolates and eight environmental isolates) hemolyzed human erythrocytes. in contrast to findings with vibrio parahaemolyticus, in which hemolytic activity correlates with isolation from clinical specimens, results from the present study suggest that hemolysis is not usefull in differentiating v. vulnificus strains. | 1981 | 7287896 |
| role of iron in the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus infections. | infections with vibrio vulnificus resulting in septicemia and high mortality have been correlated with pre-existing liver disease and hemochromatosis. as these conditions are associated with impaired iron metabolism and as iron availability in the host has been implicated in the pathogenicity of a number of bacterial infections, the role of iron as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus was examined. injection of mice with iron resulted in a lowering of the 50% lethal dose from 1 ... | 1981 | 7309236 |
| winner of the theodore e. woodward clinical award. monster of the chesapeake bay--vibrio vulnificus. | 1995 | 7483178 | |
| lower extremity manifestations of vibrio vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal marine bacterium that has not been previously described in podiatric literature. a review of the microorganism's characteristics, susceptible patient population, and lower extremity manifestations of infection is presented. v. vulnificus is found as part of the normal flora of the gulf of mexico, atlantic, and pacific coastal waters and is often isolated from the filter feeding shellfish of these regions. its pathogenicity is generally reserved for the i ... | 1995 | 7488992 |
| enumeration of vibrio vulnificus on membrane filters with a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe specific for kingdom-level 16s rrna sequences. | vibrio vulnificus was enumerated on membrane filters after hybridization with a fluorescent oligonucleotide eubacterial probe. cells were hybridized in liquid buffer or directly on membrane filters. there was no significant difference between fluorescent oligonucleotide direct counts and acridine orange direct counts (p > 0.05). liquid buffer hybridization was preferable to direct filter hybridization. | 1993 | 7504431 |
| vibrio vulnificus may produce a metalloprotease causing an edematous skin lesion in vivo. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, secretes a metalloprotease which has been suspected of being the causative factor for edematous skin lesions. the antibody against alpha-macroglobulin, the sole plasma inactivator of v. vulnificus metalloprotease, delayed clearance of the protease administered into dorsal skin, and increased the edema-forming ability of living bacterial cells. the derivative of the protease, which is resistant to the inactivating action of alpha-macroglobulin, ... | 1994 | 7523241 |
| sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vibrio vulnificus hemolysin to detect v. vulnificus in environmental specimens. | vibrio vulnificus hemolysin, purified by quantitative isoelectric focusing, was used to prepare rabbit and goat anti-hemolysin. the resulting antibodies were used as capture and detector antibody reagents in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect v. vulnificus in environmental samples. by this technique, 4 laboratory-maintained v. vulnificus strains and 33 environmental v. vulnificus isolates were detected. also, the technique distinguished five other vibrio species from ... | 1995 | 7574583 |
| oxidative metabolism in nonculturable helicobacter pylori and vibrio vulnificus cells studied by substrate-enhanced tetrazolium reduction and digital image processing. | growing and nonculturable cells of helicobacter pylori and vibrio vulnificus were studied for the capacity to reduce tetrazolium salts in order to elucidate the possible physiological basis for the proposed "viable but nonculturable" (vnc) state. initial difficulties in obtaining consistent reduction of rho-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (int) by h. pylori led us to develop a method for studying the effect of adding exogenous substrates on these reactions. the established procedure provided a profi ... | 1995 | 7574647 |
| nested pcr method for rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio vulnificus in fish, sediments, and water. | a nested pcr for the detection of vibrio vulnificus in fish farms was developed as an alternative to cultural methods by using universal primers flanking the v. vulnificus-specific sequences directed against 23s rrna genes. this specific assay detected 10 fg of dna or 12 to 120 cells in artificially inoculated samples without enrichment and within 24 h. | 1995 | 7574657 |
| induction of cold-responsive proteins in vibrio vulnificus. | we have studied the response of vibrio vulnificus to temperature shifts (23 to 13 degrees c) within the organism's permissive growth range. cold shift induced a diminution in protein synthesis. following a short lag, cells began growth at a new rate. forty proteins were induced by this downshift. | 1995 | 7608088 |
| in vivo resuscitation, and virulence towards mice, of viable but nonculturable cells of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the united states. the bacterium occurs naturally in molluscan shellfish, and ingestion of raw oysters is typically the source of human infection. v. vulnificus is also known to enter a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state, wherein the cells are no longer culturable on routine plating media but can be shown to remain viable. whether or not this human pathogen remains virulent when entering the vbnc ... | 1995 | 7618873 |
| entry into, and resuscitation from, the viable but nonculturable state by vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment. | using plate counts, total cell counts, and direct viable counts, we examined the fate of cells of vibrio vulnificus placed into natural estuarine waters during both winter and summer months. cells inoculated into membrane diffusion chambers and placed into estuarine waters entered into a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state in january and february, when the water temperatures were low (average, < 15 degrees c). in contrast, when cells in the vbnc state were placed into the same waters in the wa ... | 1995 | 7618874 |
| capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines of carbotype 1 vibrio vulnificus: construction, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in a murine model. | vibrio vulnificus causes septicemia and wound infections in immunocompromised humans. the capsular polysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus (vvps) is critical for virulence. we synthesized conjugate vaccines of carbotype 1 vvps under conditions and in formulations suitable for human use. purified vvps was conjugated to tetanus toxoid (tt) or to inactivated v. vulnificus cytolysin or elastase by two different schemes. all conjugates elicited elevated anticapsular immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm and ant ... | 1995 | 7622211 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis in solid organ transplantation: a medical nemesis. | we report two cases of vibrio vulnificus wound infection leading to fulminant sepsis syndrome in immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients. features of clinical presentation in each of these cases suggest that host immune factors are of great importance in the virulence of this organism and that immunocompromised recipients of solid organ transplants are particularly vulnerable to life-threatening consequences from infection with vibrio vulnificus. prompt institution of antibiotic ther ... | 1995 | 7654744 |
| cloning and genetic analysis of the vibrio vulnificus fur gene and construction of a fur mutant by in vivo marker exchange. | vibrio vulnificus infections have been associated with iron overload and preexisting liver disease. iron may play a major role in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus infections. many virulence genes, as well as genes involved in the transport of iron by bacteria, are regulated by iron, with increased expression under low-iron conditions. in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, transcriptional regulation by iron depends on the fur gene. we utilized southern hybridization under low- and high-string ... | 1993 | 7678593 |
| chemical modification of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease with activated polyethylene glycol. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia, produces a metalloprotease which is suspected to be a virulence determinant, but which is labile in vivo due to inactivation by alpha-macroglobulin. to obtain a derivative which is stable in vivo, the metalloprotease was modified with activated monomethoxy polyethylene glycol. the modified protease retained full activity to a peptide substrate and 10-20% activity to protein substrates, and was resistant to entrapment by alpha ... | 1993 | 7682528 |
| effect of osmotic variation on the outer membrane proteins of vibrio vulnificus: identification of a major heat-modifiable protein. | cells of the moderately halophilic bacterium vibrio vulnificus showed marked morphological changes, manifested primarily by pronounced cell elongation when grown in a defined medium with increased salt concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0%. these morphological changes were not accompanied by changes in outer membrane proteins (omp). a similar lack of omp variation was observed when cells were grown in heart infusion broth containing 1-2% nacl. osmotic upshock during growth also had no effect on omp prof ... | 1994 | 7700159 |
| isolation and characterization of three porin-like proteins from vibrio vulnificus: effect of different growth media on their production. | the effect of the culture media on the composition of the outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus strain 393 from human blood was examined. only one major outer membrane protein, with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 (37k protein) and 34,000 (34k protein), was formed in the cells grown in 3% nacl-bhi broth and chemically defined medium, respectively. the production of one major outer membrane protein was also observed in other isolates from humans and asari clam when they were grown in ... | 1994 | 7723685 |
| vibrio vulnificus wound infections from the mississippi gulf coastal waters: june to august 1993. | vibrio vulnificus, part of the normal marine flora of the gulf of mexico, is being increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen. v vulnificus contamination of superficial wounds can cause a severe, rapidly progressive, necrotizing cellulitis with bullous skin lesions that may require surgical debridement and is occasionally fatal. we summarize information about six cases of v vulnificus wound infection reported to the mississippi state department of health from june to august 1993. fiv ... | 1995 | 7732441 |
| possible interference of lactose-fermenting marine vibrios in coliform beta-d-galactosidase assays. | an investigation into possible interferences in beta-d-galactosidase-based assays for coliform bacteria in marine waters was carried out. a rapid instrumental fluorescence assay for beta-d-galactosidase activity, using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-galactoside as a substrate, was used to investigate activities of this enzyme in non-coliform bacterial isolates from coastal waters. only 2% of isolates showed slight enzyme activity after a 1-h incubation period at 44.5 degrees c. at a lower incubatio ... | 1995 | 7744725 |
| [clinical bacteriological analysis of vibrio vulnificus infection--a report of five case]. | clinical features in vibrio infection are generally represented by gastrointestinal involvements such as food poisoning, and its prognosis is usually good. however, vibrio vulnificus infection not uncommonly causes serious problems including sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities, and other conditions, sometimes resulting in fatal outcome. in the present study, we analyzed clinical microbiological aspects of five cases with v. vulnificus infection. all the strains of v. vulnificus isol ... | 1995 | 7745292 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio vulnificus isolated in taiwan. | 1995 | 7758487 | |
| [severe systemic infection with vibrio vulnificus]. | infections with vibrio vulnificus are not common in denmark, but in 1994 several cases were identified, probably due to the very hot weather conditions, with seawater temperatures above 20 degrees c. two cases of infection with v. vulnificus are presented. | 1995 | 7770985 |
| isolation of bacteriophage infectious for vibrio vulnificus. | nine phage isolates infectious for vibrio vulnificus and falling into four morphological groups were isolated from estuarine waters collected in louisiana. of the 60 v. vulnificus strains tested, 87% were susceptible to one or more of the isolates. with the exception of v. fluvialis, vibrio species other than vulnificus were resistant to infection. a spectrum of enteric bacterial strains were similarly resistant. susceptibility differences were seen between opaque (virulent) v. vulnificus strain ... | 1995 | 7773100 |
| fatal vibrio parahemolyticus septicemia in a patient with cirrhosis. a case report and review of the literature. | vibrio parahemolyticus has been well documented to cause outbreaks of infectious diarrhea, usually related to poor food handling; only rarely has it been reported to cause fetal septicemia. in contrast, vibrio vulnificus is a well-known cause of septicemia, especially in patients with cirrhosis. a 31-year-old woman with cirrhosis who developed fatal v. parahemolyticus sepsis after ingesting raw seafood is described. we review the clinical syndromes associated with sepsis caused by these two orga ... | 1995 | 7781443 |
| first documented case of bacteremia with vibrio vulnificus in sweden. | a few days after a mild trauma to a toe, a 90-year-old woman presented with fever, malaise and cellulitis. on suspicion of erysipelas the patient was initially treated with benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime. her general condition improved rapidly, but there was local progression with numerous necrotic areas with surrounding bullae. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from the blood. after susceptibility testing, the patient was finally treated with ciprofloxacin and pivampicillin, and recovered slowly. ... | 1995 | 7784822 |
| evidence that water transmits vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 infections to eels. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is classically considered an obligate eel pathogen. however, it has recently been associated with one human septicemic case. in this paper, the opportunistic behavior of this pathogen is discussed. the bacterium can survive alone in brackish water or attached to eel surfaces for at least 14 days. it is able to spread through water and infect healthy eels by using skin as a portal of entry. these results suggest that water and infected eels may act as reservoirs of inf ... | 1995 | 7793914 |
| multiple vibrio vulnificus strains in oysters as demonstrated by clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. | clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis and a computer program for managing electrophoresis banding patterns (elbamap) were used to analyze genomic dna of 118 vibrio vulnificus strains, isolated from three oysters by direct plating. analysis with sfii resulted in 60 restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (redp), while analysis with srfi produced 53 different redp. similarities between redp ranged from 7 to 93%. principal-component analysis showed that the strains were heterog ... | 1995 | 7793918 |
| identification of vibrio vulnificus by cellular fatty acid composition using the hewlett-packard 5898a microbial identification system: collaborative study. | a gas chromatographic method using a capillary column for rapid identification of vibrio vulnificus was examined in a collaborative study. identifications were performed by analysis of cellular fatty acid profiles which were automatically searched against reference profiles stored in a computer-generated library. each of the 13 collaborators was sent 15 unknown isolates, which included 10 v. vulnificus isolates and 5 negative control isolates. each collaborator was furnished with a computer-gene ... | 1994 | 7819758 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | 1994 | 7825019 | |
| the first fatal case of vibrio vulnificus infection in denmark. | vibrio vulnificus can cause severe infections in humans and persons with preexisting liver disorders are especially at risk. in this paper we report what is to our knowledge the first fatal case of v. vulnificus infection in denmark. the patient was a 68-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphatic leukemia and hepatic cirrhosis. physicians should be aware of the clinical manifestations of this disease and should be especially attentive to patients at risk of acquiring the infection if there ... | 1994 | 7833008 |
| antimicrobial action of some gras compounds against vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium indigenous to estuarine waters and is known to be a significant human pathogen. infections are generally associated with the consumption of raw oyster. in an attempt to identify possible antimicrobial agents against this organism that might be used in foods, ten compounds that are generally recognized as safe (gras) by the fda were tested against both the opaque and translucent morphotypes of v. vulnificus. eight of those compounds had a lethal effect for both mo ... | 1994 | 7835469 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection--report of 8 cases and review of cases in taiwan. | vibrio vulnificus infection, which is a rare and fatal disease, can be categorized clinically as either primary septicemia or wound infection. the clinical presentation of patients with primary septicemia can vary from fever alone to a more severe illness including high-grade bullous lesions, hypotension, and shock. wound infection typically results from either injury to the skin in a marine environment or contact of a preexisting wound with sea water. we reported eight cases with vibrio vulnifi ... | 1994 | 7850649 |
| [vibrio vulnificus in mexico: a case report and review of the literature]. | vibrio vulnificus is an etiologic agent of septicemia and skin lesions. patients with chronic diseases, and more frequently chronic liver disease, are specially susceptible to this infection. the main risk factor is shellfish ingestion. in this report we present a patient with chronic liver disease who suffered fulminant sepsis and necro-hemorrhagic bullaes secondary to a v. vulnificus infection. the patient had ingested shrimps two days before. a review of the recent literature on the subject i ... | 1994 | 7899742 |
| vibrio vulnificus hazard in patients with liver disease. | 1994 | 7941517 | |
| effect of time and temperature on multiplication of vibrio vulnificus in postharvest gulf coast shellstock oysters. | after harvest, shellstock oysters stored under controlled temperatures of 10, 13, and 18 degrees c and at ambient outside air temperature (23 to 34 degrees c) were sampled after 12 and 30 h for vibrio vulnificus. at 13 degrees c and below, v. vulnificus failed to multiply in the oysters. in oysters held at 18 degrees c for 30 h and under ambient conditions for 12 and 30 h, v. vulnificus numbers were statistically greater (p < 0.05) than those in oysters at harvest. these data indicate that endog ... | 1994 | 7944379 |
| detection of potential virulence markers of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from fish in sweden. | a variety of potential virulence markers such as the production of cytotoxin, haemolysin, exoenzymes, bactericidal action of sera, presence of capsule and adhesion to human intestinal cells were investigated on vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from eels in sweden. the strains had the capacity of producing all or some of the above-mentioned virulence markers, to varying degrees though none of the strains produced any capsule. the strains also bound specifically to human intestinal cells in vitr ... | 1994 | 8004935 |
| inhibitory mechanism of ca2+ on the hemolysis caused by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | calcium in millimolar concentrations protected mouse erythrocytes from hemolysis caused by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin without affecting the release of intracellular k+ from the cells. this effect was maximal at 25 mm cacl2. the protection was not absolute and could be partially overcome by increased concentrations of cytolysin. calcium failed to block both the binding and oligomer formation of cytolysins on the erythrocyte membrane. after pore formation, the continued presence of calcium is req ... | 1994 | 8075131 |
| antigens of vibrio vulnificus. | rabbit antisera raised against a formalinized culture of vibrio vulnificus were examined for the development of igm and igg antibody by elisa analysis of serum samples harvested weekly for 5 weeks following the initial injection. v. vulnificus antigens recognized by the sera in three fractions of the culture were identified by immunoblot analysis. the major species recognized in the culture supernatant solution by both igm and igg had a molar mass of 58 kd. in fractions derived from the bacteria ... | 1994 | 8078421 |
| vibrio vulnificus infections and raw oysters. | 1994 | 8093160 | |
| vibrio vulnificus and molluscan shellfish: the necessity of education for high-risk individuals. | 1994 | 8120298 | |
| simple purification method for a vibrio vulnificus hemolysin by a hydrophobic column chromatography in the presence of a detergent. | a vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvh) was purified by two steps of hydrophobic column chromatography on phenyl-sepharose hp. the first chromatography was carried out at ph 6.0. in this ph condition, vvh efficiently bound to the column, but the hemolysin fraction eluted was accompanied with colored substance(s). to eliminate this colored substance, the second chromatography was carried out at ph 9.8 in the presence of 1% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chaps), a zwitteri ... | 1993 | 8133803 |
| structure of vulnibactin, a new polyamine-containing siderophore from vibrio vulnificus. | a new siderophore named vulnibactin has been isolated from low iron cultures of vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen. the structure was established as n-[3-(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)propyl]-1,3-bis[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)- trans-5 - methyl-2-oxazoline-4-carboxamido]propane by a combination of acid hydrolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positive fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. vulnibactin is characterized as containing one residue of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid as well as two re ... | 1994 | 8148612 |
| seasonal variations in the occurrence of vibrio vulnificus along the dutch coast. | the seasonal variation in the occurrence of v. vulnificus in relation to water temperature and salinity was studied along the dutch coast. in two consecutive years v. vulnificus strains could be isolated in august when the water temperature was highest. the indole-positive strains isolated from north sea water samples were identical to most strains isolated from human disease and from the environment. however, strains isolated from four of five patients living in countries around the north sea w ... | 1994 | 8150002 |
| densities of vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of fish from the u.s. gulf coast. | densities of vibrio vulnificus in the intestinal contents of various finfish, oysters, and crabs and in sediment and waters of the u.s. gulf coast were determined by the most probable number procedure. species were identified by enzyme immunoassay. during the winter, densities of v. vulnificus were low, and the organism was isolated more frequently from sheepshead fish than from sediment and seawater. from april to october, v. vulnificus densities were considerably higher (2 to 5 logs) in estuar ... | 1994 | 8161189 |
| [beta-thalassemia major complicated with vibrio vulnificus septicemia: report of one case]. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic vibrio that has been isolated repeatedly from sea-water and shellfish during the warm months of the year. it's a virulent pathogen for men and is frequently associated with overwhelming infections including sepsis, gangrene of extremities and high mortality rate. we encountered a 13-year-old boy who had a history of beta-thalassemia major with secondary hemochromatosis, suffering from vomiting, diarrhea, fever and hypotension. physical examination revealed that ... | 1994 | 8178648 |
| sequence determination of rrna genes of pathogenic vibrio species and whole-cell identification of vibrio vulnificus with rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes. | a comparative analysis of seven new 16s rrna gene sequences of pathogenic vibrio species with previously published vibrio sequences confirmed that vibrio vulnificus represents a group that is not closely related to the core organisms of the genus vibrio. in addition, we found that v. vulnificus, listonella (vibrio) anguillarum and vibrio diazotrophicus branch off separately from the core group. a comparison of the 16s rrna gene sequences of v. vulnificus strains belonging to biotypes 1 and 2 rev ... | 1994 | 8186099 |
| capsular polysaccharide structure of a clinical isolate of vibrio vulnificus strain bo62316 determined by heteronuclear nmr spectroscopy and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. | virulence of vibrio vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation. capsular polysaccharide was purified from a virulent strain of vibrio vulnificus bo62316, a clinical isolate, by dialysis, centrifugation, enzymatic digestion, and phenol-chloroform extraction. this polysaccharide shows partial reactivity with antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of a related pathogenic strain of v. vulnificus (mo6-24) whose structure was recently reported. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscop ... | 1993 | 8250211 |
| direct plating procedure for enumerating vibrio vulnificus in oysters (crassostrea virginica). | a procedure for enumerating and identifying vibrio vulnificus in oysters was developed and evaluated. this method consists of growth on a direct plating medium (vve medium) for isolating the organism from shellfish tissues, followed by biochemical tests for differentiating and identifying presumptively positive isolates. densities of v. vulnificus are reliably obtained in 2 to 4 days, and as few as 10 culturable cells per 100 g can be identified. the procedure was evaluated by using a dna probe ... | 1993 | 8285658 |
| role of iron, capsule, and toxins in the pathogenicity of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 for mice. | the virulence mechanisms of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 have been studied and compared with those of biotype 1 in mice as the experimental animals. biotype 2 isolates from european eels were as virulent for mice as biotype 1 strains (50% lethal dose, about 10(5) cfu per mouse); a septicemic infection developed in less than 24 h. these strains had several properties in common with biotype 1 organisms including capsule expression, uptake of various iron sources, and production of exoproteins, whos ... | 1994 | 8300241 |
| cloning and characterization of three hemolysin genes from aeromonas salmonicida. | two hemolysin genes (ash3 and ash4) of aeromonas salmonicida strain 17-2 and one (ash1) of a. salmonicida atcc14174 were cloned into the cosmid vector charomid 9-36 in escherichia coli dh1. the overall amino acid sequence of the ash3 was similar to that of the aerolysins of aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria, and hemolysins ahh3, ahh4, and ahh5 of a. hydrophila, and hemolysin asa1 of a. sobria. the sequence of ash4 was similar to that of the ahh1 hemolysin of a. hydrophila. the ash4 hemol ... | 1993 | 8309354 |
| regulation of proteolytic activity of vibrio vulnificus by iron-containing compounds. | previous studies have shown that the vibrio vulnificus is able to use hemoglobin and the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex to reverse iron limitation. in addition, we report here that free hemin, as well as hemin bound to albumin, will reverse iron-limited growth. while protease negative mutants were able to use hemin and hemoglobin, they were unable to compete as successfully for albumin-bound hemin. using luria broth with the iron chelator ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (edda), no ... | 1993 | 8321126 |
| sequence analysis of the beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase gene of vibrio vulnificus: evidence for a common evolutionary origin of hexosaminidases. | dna cloned from the marine bacterium vibrio vulnificus into escherichia coli hb101 can hydrolyze chitin oligomer analogs in the recipient. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned dna was determined and a single long open reading frame of 2541 base pairs (initiation codon through termination codon) was found. the nucleotide sequence predicts a gene product of 847 amino acids and a molecular mass of 94.3 kda. in vitro transcription and translation analyses indicated a single protein of 94 kda encode ... | 1993 | 8341694 |
| preventing vibrio vulnificus infections: who should bear responsibility? | 1993 | 8347372 | |
| capsular types of vibrio vulnificus: an analysis of strains from clinical and environmental sources. | vibrio vulnificus produces a capsular polysaccharide (cps) that is essential for virulence. cps from v. vulnificus clinical strain mo6-24 has been purified and the structure determined. in preliminary screening with antisera raised to mo6-24 cps, 4 (19%) of 21 clinical isolates (including mo6-24), but none of 67 environmental v. vulnificus isolates, agglutinated with anti-mo6-24 antisera (p = .003). cps was isolated from a subset of 12 clinical and 7 environmental isolates and analyzed by high-p ... | 1993 | 8354917 |
| role of bradykinin in microbial infection: enhancement of septicemia by microbial proteases and kinin. | data presented herein will show that bradykinin, microbial proteases which activate the kinin generating cascade, and kininase inhibitors can enhance septicemia by approximately 10 to 100 fold in mice infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a strain of bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa 621, which does not usually produce a kinin generating protease. bacterial spreading was evaluated either in the blood or in the spleen by colony formation on agar plates. using the p. aeruginosa kaguma strain which ... | 1993 | 8356921 |
| effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of vibrio vulnificus in seawater and shellfish. | sterilized seawater was used to assess the effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of vibrio vulnificus. in the temperature range of 13 to 22 degrees c, numbers of v. vulnificus increased during the 6-day incubation. temperatures outside this range reduced the time of v. vulnificus survival in sterile 10-ppt seawater. at these restrictive temperatures, v. vulnificus numbers were reduced by 90% after 6 days of incubation. incubation between 0.5 and 10.5 degrees c demonstrated that v. ... | 1993 | 8368832 |
| vibrio vulnificus from raw oysters. leading cause of reported deaths from foodborne illness in florida. | seventy-two cases of vibrio vulnificus infection from raw oysters were reported from 1981-1992; 36 (50%) patients died, making this infection the leading cause of reported deaths from foodborne illness in florida. the bacterium naturally occurs in coastal waters and may contaminate legally harvested and properly handled shellfish. infection, usually by ingestion of contaminated raw oysters, can cause severe illness especially in individuals with preexisting liver disease. they are at 80 times gr ... | 1993 | 8409906 |
| rapid identification of vibrio vulnificus on nonselective media with an alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probe. | an oligonucleotide dna probe (vvap) was constructed from a portion of the vibrio vulnificus cytolysin gene (hyla) sequence and labeled with alkaline phosphatase covalently linked to the dna. control and environmental isolates probed with vvap showed an exact correlation with results obtained with a plasmid dna probe (derived from pcvd702) previously described as having 100% specificity and sensitivity for this organism. identification of v. vulnificus strains was confirmed independently by analy ... | 1993 | 8434919 |
| [extra-intestinal infections caused by vibrio spp. in the netherlands]. | six patients with serious cellulitis or ear infection due to vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus or v. alginolyticus are described. four patients were infected during the summer in the netherlands and two outside the netherlands. contact with seawater was the most probable source in four patients. in two patients the infection, caused by v. vulnificus, was transmitted by eel. this is a new way of transmission. | 1993 | 8469298 |
| comparison of outer membrane protein profiles of vibrio vulnificus biotypes 1 and 2. | the outer membrane proteins of 17 vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 strains from japanese and european eels, and 12 biotype 1 strains from clinical and environmental sources have been compared. the overall profile in both biotypes was similar, and a major protein band of molecular mass 36 kda was detected in the majority of the strains. differences in the minor bands allowed differentiation of strains from different origins, suggesting that outer membrane protein profiles could be useful as epidemiolo ... | 1993 | 8472904 |
| presence of a capsule in vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 and its relationship to virulence for eels. | strains of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, isolated from internal organs of diseased european eels as pure cultures of opaque cells, together with some reference strains from japanese eels, were used in this study. spontaneous translucent-phase variants were obtained from the corresponding parent strains and compared for a variety of phenotypic traits related to virulence for eels. the rate of colony dissociation from opaque to translucent cells was higher (around 10(-2)) than that observed for tra ... | 1993 | 8478049 |
| immunogenicity of vibrio vulnificus capsular polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein conjugates. | opaque colony morphology has been correlated to vibrio vulnificus virulence. however, the number of capsular serotypes expressed by virulent isolates is unknown. in an effort to produce anticapsule sera, capsular polysaccharide (cps) from three opaque v. vulnificus strains was purified and characterized. purified cpss were acidic and contained considerable amounts of hexosamine and trace quantities of protein and nucleic acid. cps purified from strain c7184 was poorly immunogenic for rabbits and ... | 1993 | 8478094 |
| vibrio vulnificus infections associated with raw oyster consumption--florida, 1981-1992. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious illness and death in persons with preexisting liver disease or compromised immune systems. from 1981 through 1992, 125 persons with v. vulnificus infections, of whom 44 (35%) died, were reported to the florida department of health and rehabilitative services (hrs). this report summarizes data on these cases and presents estimates of the at-risk population in florida. | 1993 | 8497241 |
| primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia. | we present a fatal case of primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with chronic alcoholic liver disease. the patient had recently consumed raw seafood. the epidemiology and clinical presentation of vibrio vulnificus infection is discussed. preventive, early empiric therapy, and aggressive search for this organism in patients at risk is stressed. | 1993 | 8505517 |
| the viable but non-culturable state in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a serious human pathogen, accounting for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the united states. during the winter months, when coastal water temperatures drop below 10 degrees c, investigators have repeatedly reported their inability to isolate this estuarine bacterium from the environment. we now realize that this apparent 'die-off' is actually due to entry of the cells into a 'viable but non-culturable' state, a survival response to the low temperature stress. cells in th ... | 1995 | 8522135 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis manifesting as compartment syndrome. | 1995 | 8536116 | |
| vibrio vulnificus skin lesion. | 1995 | 8590525 | |
| effect of low temperature on starvation-survival of the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2. | at present, no reports exist on the isolation of the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 from water samples. nevertheless, it has recently been demonstrated that this biotype can use water as a route of infection. in the present study, the survival of this pathogen in artificial seawater (asw) microcosms at different temperatures (25 and 5 degrees c) was investigated during a 50-day period, with biotype 1 as a control, v. vulnificus biotype 2 was able to survive in the culturable state in a ... | 1996 | 8593047 |
| distribution of vibrio vulnificus in the chesapeake bay. | vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal human pathogen capable of producing septicemia in susceptible persons. disease is almost always associated with consumption of seafood, particularly raw oysters, or with exposure of wounds to seawater. an oligonucleotide dna probe (v. vulnificus alkaline phosphatase-labeled dna probe [vvap]), previously shown to be highly specific for v. vulnificus, was used to enumerate this species in environmental samples collected from the chesapeake bay between apri ... | 1996 | 8593075 |
| the epidemiology of vibrio infections in florida, 1981-1993. | the epidemiology of 690 vibrio infections reported in florida during 1981-1993 is described. most infections resulted in one of three clinical syndromes: gastroenteritis (51%), wound infections (24%), or primary septicemia (17%). case-fatality rates were 1% for gastroenteritis, 5% for wound infections, and 44% for primary septicemia. while gastroenteritis had little seasonal variation, 91% of primary septicemias and 86% of wound infections occurred from april through october, mostly due to the s ... | 1996 | 8627070 |
| a role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the increased mortality associated with vibrio vulnificus infection in the presence of hepatic dysfunction. | the present study was designed to evaluate whether pre-existing hepatic dysfunction (cirrhosis) leads to increased morbidity and mortality, in part through an inappropriate in vivo tumor necrosis factor-alpha response. | 1996 | 8633922 |
| septic shock due to vibrio vulnificus serogroup 04 wound infection acquired from the baltic sea. | 1995 | 8654441 | |
| preclinical immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic efficacy of antisera to capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is an oyster-associated bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening fulminating septicemia and necrotizing wound infections in humans. the capsular polysaccharide of v. vulnificus (vvps) is critical for virulence. previously we showed that active immunization of mice with a vvps-tetanus toxoid (vvps-tta) conjugate vaccine conferred significantly higher protection against subsequent lethal challenge than immunization with vvps alone. in the current study, we examined the uti ... | 1996 | 8675330 |
| role of catechol siderophore synthesis in vibrio vulnificus virulence. | we isolated a vibrio vulnificus tnphoa mutant that was unable to produce catechol siderophores or to acquire iron from transferrin. this mutant showed reduced virulence in an infant mouse model. the tnphoa insertion was in an open reading frame designated venb. the venb gene cloned on a plasmid restored catechol production to the mutant. the deduced amino acid sequence of venb is 41% identical to the enzyme isochorismatase of escherichia coli (entb), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the ... | 1996 | 8698519 |
| pulmonary damage by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that causes septicemia and serious wound infection. cytolysin produced by v. vulnificus has been incriminated as one of the important virulence determinants of bacterial infection. cytolysin (8 hemolytic units) given intravenously to mice via their tail veins caused severe hemoconcentration and lethality. cytolysin treatment greatly increased pulmonary wet weight and vascular permeability as measured by (125)i-labeled albumin leakage without affecting ... | 1996 | 8698528 |
| vibrio vulnificus hemolysin dilates rat thoracic aorta by activating guanylate cyclase. | hemolysin produced by vibrio vulnificus caused hypotension and tachycardia in rats and dilated rat thoracic aorta. hemolysin-induced vasodilatation of the aorta was not affected by n omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and aminoguanidine, no synthase inhibitors, whereas the vasodilatation was inhibited by ly 83,583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. hemolysin elevated cgmp levels, and the elevation was abolished by ly 83,583. these results suggest that v. vulnificus hemolysin activates guanylate cy ... | 1996 | 8699927 |
| utilization of hemin and hemoglobin by vibrio vulnificus biotype 2. | the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is able to use hemoglobin (hb) and hemin (hm) to reverse iron limitation. in this stud, the adjuvant effect of both compounds on eel pathogenicity has been evaluated and confirmed. further, we have studied the heme-iron acquisition mechanism displayed by this bacterium. whole cells were capable of binding hb and hm, independently of (i) iron levels in growth medium and (ii) the presence of polysaccharide capsules on bacterial surface. the hb- and hm-b ... | 1996 | 8702273 |
| antibodies that react with the capsular polysaccharide of vibrio vulnificus are detectable in infected patients, and in persons without known exposure to the organism. | in serious infections with vibrio vulnificus, igg antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of the infecting strain were demonstrable in patient serum. it was not possible to show that persons with probable increased exposure to v. vulnificus (shellfish industry workers) had increased levels of antibodies to any one of three capsular types tested when compared with persons who would be expected to have had minimal exposure to the organism (seventh day adventists). antibodies that reacted with th ... | 1996 | 8724403 |
| clinical manifestations and molecular epidemiology of vibrio vulnificus infections in denmark. | the clinical manifestations of and epidemiological data from 11 patients infected with vibrio vulnificus admitted to danish hospitals during the unusually warm summer of 1994 are reported. all patients contracted the disease after exposure to seawater; however, none had consumed seafood. four patients developed bacteremia, one of whom subsequently died; nine patients, including the four with bacteremia, exhibited skin manifestations. four patients contracted the disease while fishing; in at leas ... | 1996 | 8740858 |
| analysis of starvation conditions that allow for prolonged culturability of vibrio vulnificus at low temperature. | the response of the estuarine human pathogen vibrio vulnificus to starvation for carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus, or all three nutrients simultaneously (multiple-nutrient), was examined with respect to the maintenance of culturability during incubation at low temperature. v. vulnificus showed similar survival patterns during starvation for the individual nutrients when kept at 24 degrees c. on the other hand, cultures prestarved at 24 degrees c and then shifted to 5 degrees c maintained culturabi ... | 1996 | 8757732 |
| [vibrio vulnificus infections in denmark during the summer of 1994]. | the clinical manifestations and epidemiological data of 11 patients infected with vibrio vulnificus found in denmark during the unusually warm summer of 1994 are reported. all patients had been exposed to seawater prior to illness, but none had consumed seafood. nine patients, including four with bacteraemia, developed skin manifestations of various degrees of severity. one patient died of septic shock despite surgery and treatment with relevant antibiotics. four patients contracted the disease ... | 1996 | 8757899 |
| toxic and enzymatic activities of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with respect to host specificity. | in this work, the enzymatic activities of selected strains of biotypes 1 and 2 of vabrio vulnificus were analyzed by using conventional methods and the api zym system. the toxic activities of extracellular products (ecps) were further evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. the ecps of both biotypes (i) showed high-level hydrolytic activities, (ii) displayed cytotoxicity for fish cell lines, and (iii) were lethal for eels. exotoxins seem to be proteinaceous since heat treatment of ecp sam ... | 1996 | 8779570 |
| cytochemical colocalization and quantitation of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in individual bacterial cells. | the widely accepted view that most bacterial species have yet to be cultivated in vitro has gained support from recent ribosomal dna-based environmental studies. to enable elucidation of the phenotypes of organisms recognized solely by molecular genetic techniques, we developed and evaluated cytochemical methods which colocalize phenotypic properties with in situ rrna probe hybridization signals. application of these methods to artificial mixtures of pseudomonas putida and escherichia coli or vi ... | 1996 | 8787385 |
| actions of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease on human plasma proteinase-proteinase inhibitor systems: a comparative study of native protease with its derivative modified by polyethylene glycol. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, produces a metalloprotease (vvp) which is suspected to be a virulent determinant. the interactions of vvp, as well as its derivative (peg1-vvp) modified with polyethylene glycol, with a variety of human plasma proteins were investigated. we found that native vvp and its derivative were able to act directly on many biologically important human plasma proteins even in the presence of alpha-macroglobulin, the ... | 1995 | 8789055 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. vibrio vulnificus infections associated with eating raw oysters--los angeles, 1996. | 1996 | 8805714 | |
| necrotizing fasciitis of the foot caused by an unusual organism, vibrio vulnificus. | in modern medicine, there are very few infectious disease processes occurring in the foot that can cause death within 48 hr. and have an overall mortality rate of 50% despite appropriate antibiotic and surgical treatment. such a condition must be regarded as being potentially deadly. the authors report a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the left foot resulting from an unusual organism of vibrio vulnificus. | 1996 | 8807481 |
| vibrio vulnificus, an emerging human pathogen. | 1996 | 8837388 | |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotype profiles of clinical and environmental vibrio vulnificus isolates. | vibrio vulnificus belongs to the autochthonous bacterial flora of warm estuarine waters. it can cause life-threatening extraintestinal disease in persons who have underlying illness and who consume raw shellfish or contact wounds with estuarine water. currently, very little is known about genetic diversity within this species. in this report, we describe high-level variation in restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles among 53 clinical and 78 environmental isolates, as determined by pul ... | 1996 | 8837412 |
| offshore suspension relaying to reduce levels of vibrio vulnificus in oysters (crassostrea virginica). | oysters naturally contaminated with 10(3) to 10(4) most probable numbers (mpn) of vibrio vulnificus per g were relayed to offshore waters (salinity, 30 to 34 ppt), where they were suspended in racks at a depth of 7.6 m. v. vulnificus counts in oysters were reduced to < 10 mpn/g within 7 to 17 days in five of the six studies. at the end of the studies (17 to 49 days), v. vulnificus levels were reduced further and ranged from a mean of 0.23 to 2.6 mpn/g. oyster mortalities during relaying were < 6 ... | 1996 | 8837445 |
| primary skin infections secondary to vibrio vulnificus: the role of operative intervention. | vibrio vulnificus can cause rapidly spreading skin and soft tissue infections with significant associated morbidity and mortality. patients with underlying chronic illness, such as cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, or immunosuppression, have been noted to be at high risk for rapid progression of this infection. the importance of early antibiotic therapy has been reported but the role of operative intervention in these patients is less clear. | 1996 | 8843261 |
| effect of diluents on the enumeration of vibrio vulnificus. | peptone (0.1%) solution containing 3% nacl (ps) was a more suitable diluent than phosphate buffered saline (pbs) solution for the enumeration of vibrio vulnificus in both broth cultures and oyster homogenates. pbs caused significant underestimation of the viable population of the species by plate counts on either selective or non-selective media. dilution in ps is recommended in methods for the enumeration of v. vulnificus. | 1996 | 8854190 |
| a review of vibrio vulnificus infections related to eating raw oysters, including three cases in arkansas residents. | 1996 | 8867240 | |
| involvement of vulnibactin and exocellular protease in utilization of transferrin- and lactoferrin-bound iron by vibrio vulnificus. | in vitro growth experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of vulnibactin, a siderophore produced by vibrio vulnificus, to sequester transferrin- or lactoferrin bound iron for growth. comparative studies with the strain producing vulnibactin and its exocellular protease-deficient mutant revealed the involvement of the protease in addition to vulnibactin in effective utilization of iron ion (fe3+) bound to transferrin and lactoferrin. it appears that the protease causes cleavage of these ... | 1996 | 8887355 |
| detection of vibrio vulnificus biotypes 1 and 2 in eels and oysters by pcr amplification. | dna extraction procedures and pcr conditions to detect vibrio vulnificus cells naturally occurring in oysters were developed. in addition, pcr amplification of v. vulnificus from oysters seeded with biotype 1 cells was demonstrated. by the methods described, v. vulnificus cells on a medium (colistin-polymyxin b-cellobiose agar) selective for this pathogen were detectable in oysters harvested in january and march, containing no culturable cells (< 67 cfu/g), as well as in oysters harvested in may ... | 1996 | 8919800 |
| vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, pathogenic for eels, is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans. | we report that the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is also an opportunistic pathogen for humans. results from a detailed comparative study using reference strains of both biotypes revealed that the clinical strain atcc 33817, originally isolated from a human leg wound and classified as v. vulnificus (no reference on its biotype is noted), belongs to biotype 2 of the species. as a biotype 2 strain, it is negative for indole and pathogenic for eels and mice, harbors two plasmids of high m ... | 1996 | 8919812 |
| stress resistance and recovery potential of culturable and viable but nonculturable cells of vibrio vulnificus. | the estuarine, human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus responds to low temperature by the formation of viable but nonculturable (vbnc) cells, while starvation at moderate temperatures allows for maintenance of culturability of this organism. recovery of cold-incubated populations of v. vulnificus was restricted to the culturable fraction in slide cultures and most probable number assays. these populations, however, gave between 1.1- and 8-fold higher c.f.u. counts on soft agar plates than o ... | 1996 | 8936311 |
| comparison of a commercial biochemical kit and an oligonucleotide probe for identification of environmental isolates of vibrio vulnificus. | methods for the identification and isolation of environmental isolates of vibrio vulnificus were evaluated. alkaline peptone water supplemented with polymyxin b and colistin-polymyxin b-cellobiose agar were employed for the isolation of suspected v. vulnificus from water, sediment and shellfish samples. when comparing the identification of putative v. vulnificus obtained with the api 20e assay and an oligonucleotide probe, 29 api 20e profiles were obtained with only four profiles (representing 2 ... | 1996 | 8936379 |
| overwhelming sepsis with vibrio vulnificus: a coastal pathogen in oklahoma. | vibrio vulnificus has been associated with three main clinical syndromes; primary septicemia; wound infection, and gastroenteritis. this organism has increased virulence for persons with underlying medical conditions that predispose to iron overload or an impaired immune system. since the organism proliferates more readily in warm, coastal waters, such infections are more commonly found in those regions. infection can result from the ingestion of contaminated, undercooked seafood; contact of a w ... | 1996 | 8936853 |