Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| analysis of a heme-dependent signal transduction system in corynebacterium diphtheriae: deletion of the chras genes results in heme sensitivity and diminished heme-dependent activation of the hmuo promoter. | the corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuo gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme as an iron source. transcription of hmuo is activated by heme or hemoglobin and repressed by iron and dtxr. previous studies with escherichia coli showed that heme-dependent transcriptional activation of an hmuo promoter-lacz fusion was dependent on the cloned c. diphtheriae chra and chrs genes (chras), which encode the response regulator and sensor kinase, respectively, of a two-compon ... | 2005 | 16239540 |
| the life and death of translation elongation factor 2. | eef2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 2) occupies an essential role in protein synthesis where it catalyses the translocation of the two trnas and the mrna after peptidyl transfer on the 80 s ribosome. recent crystal structures of eef2 and the cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of its 80 s complex now provide a substantial structural framework for dissecting the functional properties of this factor. the factor can be modified by either phosphorylation or adp-ribosylation, which results in cess ... | 2006 | 16246167 |
| respiratory diphtheria among highly vaccinated military trainees in latvia: improved protection from dt compared with td booster vaccination. | an outbreak of respiratory diphtheria occurred among highly-vaccinated trainees at a latvian military academy in august-september 2000. we reviewed immunization, clinical and laboratory records and administered a questionnaire to obtain data on exposure factors. among 207 trainees, 45 (22%) diphtheria cases and 79 (38%) carriers of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae were identified. all patients survived; 1 had severe myocarditis. sharing cups was a risk factor for infection. over 85% of trai ... | 2005 | 16308214 |
| in-vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of the antibiotic drug cephalothin (keflin). | keflin (kefl) interacts with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metal ions leading to complexes of the type m(kefl)2cl2 and m(kefl)cl2, which have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. magnetic moment, ir, electronic spectral and elemental analyses data suggest that keflin behaves tridentately forming octahedral or trigonal bipyramidal complexes with the metal ions mentioned above. the new compounds have been screened in-vitro for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity ag ... | 2005 | 16335054 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: a correlation of recorded variations within the species. | 1940 | 16350064 | |
| the types mitis, intermedius and gravis of corynebacterium diphtheriae: a review of observations during the past ten years. | 1943 | 16350084 | |
| mechanism of metal ion activation of the diphtheria toxin repressor dtxr. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is a metal ion-activated transcriptional regulator that has been linked to the virulence of corynebacterium diphtheriae. structure determination has shown that there are two metal ion binding sites per repressor monomer, and site-directed mutagenesis has demonstrated that binding site 2 (primary) is essential for recognition of the target dna repressor, leaving the role of binding site 1 (ancillary) unclear. calorimetric techniques have demonstrated that alt ... | 2005 | 16352732 |
| stealth and mimicry by deadly bacterial toxins. | diphtheria toxin and exotoxin a are well-characterized members of the adp-ribosyltransferase toxin family that function as virulence factors in the pathogenic bacteria corynebacterium diphtheriae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. recent high-resolution structural data of the michaelis (enzyme-substrate) complex of the p. aeruginosa toxin with an nad(+) analog and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eef2) have provided insights into the mechanism of inactivation of protein synthesis caused by these protein ... | 2006 | 16406634 |
| antimicrobial spectrum, production and mode of action of staphylococcin 188 produced by staphylococcus aureus 188. | staphylococcus aureus 188 has been shown to produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance known as staphylococcin 188. it has a broad-activity spectrum against micrococcus luteus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus viridans, corynebacterium diphtheriae and several staphylococcus species. the arbitrary unit of staphylococcin 188 against micrococcus luteus was 1280 au/ml. its production with simultaneous measurement of activity was monitored and was found to produce ma ... | 2004 | 16414580 |
| [pseudomembranous diphtheria caused by corynebacterium ulcerans]. | introduction: pseudomembranous angina are classically caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae. more rarely, it caused by corynebacterium ulcerans, sometimes carrying the diphteric exotoxine. exegeris: we report a new autochton case of pseudomembranous pharyngitis caused by c. ulcerans, carrying the diphteric exotoxine, transmitted by a dog, complicated of velopharyngitis and hypopharyngée paralysis, then of diphtheric polyneuritis. conclusion: although exceptional, diphteria must always be evoked ... | 2006 | 16426709 |
| anti-bacterial alkaloids of saracococca saligna. | the crude ethanolic extract of saracococca saligna was found to be cytotoxic and antibacterial but produced no platelet aggregation induced by adp. antibacterial activity of two known alkaloid, pachyaximine-a and saracodine was determined. pachyaximine-a possessed significant antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium pyrogenes. saracodme showed moderate activity against staphylococcus pyrogenes, escherichia coli, staph ... | 2005 | 16431389 |
| experimental model of infection with non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae and development of septic arthritis. | corynebacterium diphtheriae is a well-known cause of localized respiratory tract infections. however, this micro-organism can also be associated with invasive infections, such as endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. invasive infections are often caused by non-toxigenic strains. to set up an in vivo experimental model of c. diphtheriae infection, mice were infected intravenously with different doses (ranging from 1 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(8) bacteria per mouse) of three non-toxigenic strai ... | 2006 | 16434717 |
| [an unusual course of invasive infection due to nontoxinogenic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae.] | the authors report a case of complicated sepsis caused by nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype gravis in a young immunocompetent female with no predisposing factors. she acquired the infection from her boyfriend, an asymptomatic carrier of nontoxigenic strain. the primary site of infection and subsequent sepsis was not identified. the occurence and importance of carriage and invasive infections caused by nontoxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae are discused. | 2005 | 16440286 |
| assembly of distinct pilus structures on the surface of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | different surface organelles contribute to specific interactions of a pathogen with host tissues or infectious partners. multiple pilus gene clusters potentially encoding different surface structures have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including actinomycetales, clostridia, corynebacteria, and streptococci. corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to assemble a pilus structure, with sortase srta essential for the assembly of a major subunit spaa a ... | 2006 | 16452436 |
| the dtxr protein acting as dual transcriptional regulator directs a global regulatory network involved in iron metabolism of corynebacterium glutamicum. | the knowledge about complete bacterial genome sequences opens the way to reconstruct the qualitative topology and global connectivity of transcriptional regulatory networks. since iron is essential for a variety of cellular processes but also poses problems in biological systems due to its high toxicity, bacteria have evolved complex transcriptional regulatory networks to achieve an effective iron homeostasis. here, we apply a combination of transcriptomics, bioinformatics, in vitro assays, and ... | 2006 | 16469103 |
| [immunoloical aspects of the antropogenic response to the antigens of symbiotic non-toxigenic diphtherial corynebacteria]. | corynebacteria, being ancient symbionts of open cavities of human body, carry unique, balanced immunogenic stimuli, formed in the process of evolution, thus maintaining non-specific resistance at a certain level. they favor formation of human microcenotic communities as a normal biological and physiological phenomenon. codivak, a preparation of natural antigens of a symbiotic strain of non-toxigenic diphtherial corynebacteria, is able to correct not only disturbances of oropharyngeal immunity, b ... | 2006 | 16496952 |
| corynebacterial protein kinase g controls 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity via the phosphorylation status of the odhi protein. | a novel regulatory mechanism for control of the ubiquitous 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (odh), a key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was discovered in the actinomycete corynebacterium glutamicum, a close relative of important human pathogens like corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. based on the finding that a c. glutamicum mutant lacking serine/threonine protein kinase g (pkng) was impaired in glutamine utilization, proteome comparisons led to the identifi ... | 2006 | 16522631 |
| mapping and comprehensive analysis of the extracellular and cell surface proteome of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae. | secreted proteins of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae might be involved in important pathogen-host cell interactions. here, we present the first systematic reference map of the extracellular and cell surface proteome fractions of the type strain c. diphtheriae c7s(-)tox-. the analysis window of 2-de covered the pi range from 3 to 10 along with a mw range from 8 to 150 kda. computational analysis of the 2-d gels detected almost 150 protein spots in the extracellular proteome fractio ... | 2006 | 16544277 |
| studies on diphtheria toxin : ii. the rôle of the amino acids in the metabolism of bacterium diphtheriae. | 1919 | 16558837 | |
| the nature of toxin: the antigens of corynebacterium diphtheriae and bacillus megatherium and their relation to toxin. | 1921 | 16558904 | |
| bacillus diphtheriae in its relationship to bacteriophage. | 1931 | 16559471 | |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: ii. observations and dissociative studies-the potentialities of the species. | 1940 | 16560384 | |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1940 | 16560385 | |
| factors concerned in the growth of corynebacterium diphtheriae from minute inocula. | 1941 | 16560425 | |
| a staining method for corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1944 | 16560809 | |
| effect of penicillin on infection of guinea pigs with corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1945 | 16560989 | |
| further studies on the immunization of rabbits to toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae by injections of nontoxigenic diphtheria bacilli. | 1947 | 16561398 | |
| the properties of formaldehyde-resistant corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1949 | 16561791 | |
| [modulation of molecular signaling mechanisms in excitable cells by toxins and bacterial substances]. | the mechanisms of bacterial substances (protein a, peptidoglican staphylococcus aureus), bacterium toxins (st. aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, shigella dysenteriae, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, vibrio choleral), transfer factor of immune reactivity to staphylococcus aureus upon the key link (acetylcholine-, atp-, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-, ryanodin-sensitive receptors, g-proteins, ca2+, k(+)-transporting systems, second messengers) in the chain of signal conduction of excit ... | 2005 | 16566125 |
| mn(ii) binding by the anthracis repressor from bacillus anthracis. | the anthracis repressor (antr) is a manganese-activated transcriptional regulator from bacillus anthracis and is a member of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) family of proteins. in this paper, we characterize the mn(ii) binding and protein dimerization state using a combination of continuous wave (cw) and pulsed epr methods. equilibrium metal binding experiments showed that antr binds 2 equivalents of mn(ii) with positive cooperativity and apparent dissociation constants of 210 and 16.6 mic ... | 2006 | 16566604 |
| in vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases and their cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes. | isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases formed by the reaction of substituted and unsubstituted furyl-2-carboxaldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with isoniazid and, their co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebac ... | 2006 | 16570512 |
| the dtxr regulon of corynebacterium glutamicum. | previous studies with corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium species revealed that the transcriptional regulator dtxr and its ortholog ider play a central role in the control of iron metabolism. in the present work, we used genome-based approaches to determine the dtxr regulon of corynebacterium glutamicum, a nonpathogenic relative of c. diphtheriae. first, global gene expression of a dtxr deletion mutant was compared with that of the wild type using dna microarrays. second, we used a com ... | 2006 | 16585752 |
| transcription of the contiguous sigb, dtxr, and gale genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae: evidence for multiple transcripts and regulation by environmental factors. | the iron-dependent transcriptional regulator dtxr from corynebacterium diphtheriae is the prototype for a family of metal-dependent regulators found in diverse bacterial species. the structure of dtxr and its action as a repressor have been extensively characterized, but little is known about expression of dtxr. in the current study, we investigated transcription of dtxr as well as the sigb and gale genes located immediately upstream and downstream from dtxr, respectively. we identified two prom ... | 2006 | 16585757 |
| in vivo effect of carbon dioxide laser-skin resurfacing and mechanical abrasion on the skin's microbial flora in an animal model. | although beam-scanning carbon dioxide (co2) lasers have provided a highly efficient tool for esthetic skin rejuvenation there has been no comprehensive animal studies looking into microbial skin changes following co2 laser skin resurfacing. | 2006 | 16640679 |
| diphtheria vaccine. | 2006 | 16671240 | |
| emergence of an invasive clone of nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in the urban poor population of vancouver, canada. | invasive disease due to corynebacterium diphtheriae is rare in north america. here we describe the emergence of a predominant clone of a nontoxigenic strain of c. diphtheriae in the impoverished population of vancouver's downtown core. this clone has caused significant morbidity and contributed to at least two deaths. over a 5-year period, seven cases of bacteremia due to c. diphtheriae were detected in patients admitted to vancouver hospitals. injection drug use, diabetes mellitus, skin coloniz ... | 2006 | 16672385 |
| the isolation of coproporphyrin iii from corynebacterium diphtheriae culture filtrates. | 1948 | 16748385 | |
| antidiphtheria antibody responses in patients and carriers of corynebacterium diphtheriae in the arkhangelsk region of russia. | diphtheria is under control in industrialized countries. however, single cases and outbreaks still occur and the disease is not completely understood. forty-three individuals suspected of having diphtheria who were referred to the infectious disease hospital of arkhangelsk from december 1994 to march 1995 were included in this study. fifteen patients were diagnosed as having diphtheria and received equine hyperimmune antidiphtheria toxin antiserum, and 28 were diagnosed as carriers, 12 with nond ... | 2006 | 16760319 |
| design of metal cofactors activated by a protein-protein electron transfer system. | protein-to-protein electron transfer (et) is a critical process in biological chemistry for which fundamental understanding is expected to provide a wealth of applications in biotechnology. investigations of protein-protein et systems in reductive activation of artificial cofactors introduced into proteins remains particularly challenging because of the complexity of interactions between the cofactor and the system contributing to et. in this work, we construct an artificial protein-protein et s ... | 2006 | 16769893 |
| human alpha-defensins neutralize toxins of the mono-adp-ribosyltransferase family. | various bacterial pathogens secrete toxins, which are not only responsible for fatal pathogenesis of disease, but also facilitate evasion of host defences. one of the best-known bacterial toxin groups is the mono-adp-ribosyltransferase family. in the present study, we demonstrate that human neutrophil alpha-defensins are potent inhibitors of the bacterial enzymes, particularly against dt (diphtheria toxin) and eta (pseudomonas exotoxin a). hnp1 (human neutrophil protein 1) inhibited dt- or eta-m ... | 2006 | 16817779 |
| modulation of eukaryotic cell apoptosis by members of the bacterial order actinomycetales. | apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is normally responsible for the orderly elimination of aged or damaged cells, and is a necessary part of the homeostasis and development of multicellular organisms. some pathogenic bacteria can disrupt this process by triggering excess apoptosis or by preventing it when appropriate. either event can lead to disease. there has been extensive research into the modulation of host cell death by microorganisms, and several reviews have been published on the phenom ... | 2006 | 16850163 |
| molecular epidemiology of c. diphtheriae strains during different phases of the diphtheria epidemic in belarus. | the reemergence of epidemic diphtheria in belarus in 1990s has provided us with important information on the biology of the disease and the diversity of the causative agent corynebacterium diphtheriae. molecular investigations were conducted with the aim to analyze the genetic variability of c diphtheriae during the post-epidemic period. | 2006 | 16911772 |
| type iii pilus of corynebacteria: pilus length is determined by the level of its major pilin subunit. | multiple pilus gene clusters have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including the actinomycetales, clostridia, streptococci, and corynebacteria. the genome of corynebacterium diphtheriae contains three pilus gene clusters, two of which have been previously characterized. here, we report the characterization of the third pilus encoded by the spahig cluster. by using electron microscopy and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that spah forms the pilus s ... | 2006 | 16923899 |
| translation elongation factor 2 anticodon mimicry domain mutants affect fidelity and diphtheria toxin resistance. | eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eef2) mediates translocation in protein synthesis. the molecular mimicry model proposes that the tip of domain iv mimics the anticodon loop of trna. his-699 in this region is post-translationally modified to diphthamide, the target for corynebacterium diphtheriae and pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins. adp-ribosylation by these toxins inhibits eef2 function causing cell death. mutagenesis of the tip of domain iv was used to assess both functions. a h694a mutant strain ... | 2006 | 16950777 |
| diphtheria-neutralizing antibody levels in healthy adults from rio de janeiro, brazil. | in brazil, until 2004, the immunization policy against diphtheria involved childhood vaccination with no official routine booster dose administered after 15 years of age. this study assessed functional antibody levels against diphtheria among blood donors. a total of 140 blood samples were collected, and diphtheria antitoxin levels were evaluated by vero cell neutralization test. the mean age of the population was 34 years old (range: 18-61 years); 37.8% females and 62.2% males. overall, 30.7% ( ... | 2006 | 16951820 |
| metalloantibiotics: synthesis, characterization and in-vitro antibacterial studies on cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with cloxacillin. | the synthesis and characterization of cloxacillin (clox) complexes with divalent metal ions [co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii)] is described. the nature of bonding of the chelated cloxacillin and the structures of the metal complexes have been elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic data. in all the complexes, the cloxacillin acts as a uninegatively charged bidentate ligand with coordination involving the carboxylate-o and endocyclic-n of the beta-lactam ring. the new com ... | 2006 | 17059178 |
| diatomic ligand discrimination by the heme oxygenases from neisseria meningitidis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | heme oxygenases have an increased binding affinity for o2 relative to co. such discrimination is critical to the function of ho enzymes because one of the main products of heme catabolism is co. kinetic studies of mammalian and bacterial ho proteins reveal a significant decrease in the dissociation rate of o2 relative to other heme proteins such as myoglobin. here we report the kinetic rate constants for the binding of o2 and co by the heme oxygenases from neisseria meningitidis (nmho) and pseud ... | 2007 | 17095508 |
| cluster of invasive infections, including endocarditis, caused by nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2006 | 17100042 | |
| variable expression of immunoreactive surface proteins of propionibacterium acnes. | despite accumulating data implicating propionibacterium acnes in a variety of diseases, its precise role in infection remains to be determined. p. acnes antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells are present in early inflamed acne lesions and may be involved in the inflammatory response; however, little is known about the specific antigens involved. in this study, b cell and t cell antigens from p. acnes expression libraries were cloned and evaluated and the four predominant proteins identified were invest ... | 2006 | 17159220 |
| [pathogenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae circulating in rostov-on-don city and rostov region during interepidemic period]. | main pathogenic characteristics (toxin production, tox-gene detection, adhesiveness) of 59 strains of c. diphtheriae circulating in rostov-on-don city and rostov region in 2004-2005 were studied. study of toxigenicity of 15 tox+ c.di phtheriae strains showed full coincidence of elek immunoprecipitation test and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). presence of part of a-fragment of tox-gene was detected in 5 (11.4%) of 44 c. diphtheriae strains that were negative in elek test. hemagglutinating activi ... | 2006 | 17163130 |
| nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in corynebacteria: variations of a common theme. | the published genome sequences of corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium efficiens, corynebacterium glutamicum and corynebacterium jeikeium were screened for genes encoding central components of nitrogen source uptake, nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen control systems. interestingly, the soil-living species c. efficiens and c. glutamicum exhibit a broader spectrum of genes for nitrogen transport and metabolism than the pathogenic species c. diphtheriae and c. jeikeium. the latter are char ... | 2007 | 17183220 |
| the iclr-type transcriptional repressor ltbr regulates the expression of leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis genes in the amino acid producer corynebacterium glutamicum. | the transcriptional regulator cg1486 of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 is a member of the iclr protein family and belongs to the conserved set of regulatory proteins in corynebacteria. a defined deletion in the cg1486 gene, now designated ltbr (leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis regulator), led to the mutant strain c. glutamicum ib1486. according to whole-genome expression analysis by dna microarray hybridizations, transcription of the leub and leucd genes encoding enzymes of the leucine ... | 2007 | 17259312 |
| bacteriophage-based vectors for site-specific insertion of dna in the chromosome of corynebacteria. | in corynebacterium diphtheriae, diphtheria toxin is encoded by the tox gene of some temperate corynephages such as beta. beta-like corynephages are capable of inserting into the c. diphtheriae chromosome at two specific sites, attb1 and attb2. transcription of the phage-encoded tox gene, and many chromosomally encoded genes, is regulated by the dtxr protein in response to fe(2+) levels. characterizing dtxr-dependent gene regulation is pivotal in understanding diphtheria pathogenesis and mechanis ... | 2007 | 17275217 |
| [interest of typing methods to study corynebacterium diphtheriae strains.]. | corynebacterium diphtheriae is the causative agent of diphtheria. this bacteria circulates throughout the world. recently, two outbreaks occurred in new independent states (russia, ukraine...) and algeria. routine technics permit to study the strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae : biotype, antibiotype, toxin gene detection. however, molecular biological tests (ribotyping, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis) are necessary to characterize these strains in the space and the time. the studies wi ... | 1996 | 17292306 |
| comparative analysis of hmuo function and expression in corynebacterium species. | we have constructed defined deletions in the hmuo gene from corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans and show that the c. ulcerans hmuo mutation results in a significant reduction in hemoglobin-iron utilization, whereas in c. diphtheriae strains, deletion of hmuo caused no or only partial reduction in the utilization of heme as an iron source. we also show that expression from the c. ulcerans hmuo promoter exhibits minimal regulation by iron and heme whereas transcription from th ... | 2007 | 17322319 |
| the chra-chrs and hrra-hrrs signal transduction systems are required for activation of the hmuo promoter and repression of the hema promoter in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | transcription of the corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuo gene, which encodes a heme oxygenase involved in heme iron utilization, is activated in a heme- or hemoglobin-dependent manner in part by the two-component system chra-chrs. mutation of either the chra or the chrs gene resulted in a marked reduction of hemoglobin-dependent activation at the hmuo promoter in c. diphtheriae; however, it was observed that significant levels of hemoglobin-dependent expression were maintained in the mutants, sugge ... | 2007 | 17353293 |
| [point mutations in tox promoter/operator and diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) gene associated with the level of toxin production by corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in belarus]. | dna fragments 129 bp in length containing promoter region of the tox gene from 81 toxigenic strains corynebacterium diphtheriae were analyzed using the sscp (single strand conformational polymorphism). we found that only two strains had mutations; the strains also had highest levels of toxin production (over 5120 vero cd50/ml). other strains were characterized either as high-level toxin-producing (640-5120 vero cd50/ml, 41 strains) or low-level toxin-producing (40-320 vero cd50/ml, 38 strains). ... | 2007 | 17354605 |
| pili mediate specific adhesion of streptococcus pyogenes to human tonsil and skin. | very little is known about the biological functions of pili that have recently been found to be expressed by important gram-positive pathogens such as corynebacterium diphtheriae, streptococcus agalacticae, s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes. using various ex vivo tissue and cellular models, here we show that pili mediate adhesion of serotype m1 s. pyogenes strain sf370 to both human tonsil epithelium and primary human keratinocytes, which represent the two main sites of infection by this human-speci ... | 2007 | 17359232 |
| complete genome sequence of the erythromycin-producing bacterium saccharopolyspora erythraea nrrl23338. | saccharopolyspora erythraea is used for the industrial-scale production of the antibiotic erythromycin a, derivatives of which play a vital role in medicine. the sequenced chromosome of this soil bacterium comprises 8,212,805 base pairs, predicted to encode 7,264 genes. it is circular, like those of the pathogenic actinomycetes mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, but unlike the linear chromosomes of the model actinomycete streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) and the closely rela ... | 2007 | 17369815 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae employs specific minor pilins to target human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | adherence to host tissues mediated by pili is pivotal in the establishment of infection by many bacterial pathogens. corynebacterium diphtheriae assembles on its surface three distinct pilus structures. the function and the mechanism of how various pili mediate adherence, however, have remained poorly understood. here we show that the spaa-type pilus is sufficient for the specific adherence of corynebacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. the deletion of the spaa gene, which encodes the m ... | 2007 | 17376076 |
| the seroprevalence of diphtheria among adults in izmir-turkey. | a serological survey to determine the immunity to diphtheria in the adult population in izmir-turkey was conducted according to the recommendations of the world health organization. a total of 339 blood samples were collected from subjects aged between 20 and 81, and diphtheria antitoxin levels were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. titers below 0.1 iu/ml were considered to show insufficient immunity. of the studied population, 56.3% had showed insufficient immunity again ... | 2007 | 17395342 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae spoligotyping based on combined use of two crispr loci. | a large diphtheria epidemic in the 1990s in russia and neighboring countries underlined the importance of permanent surveillance of the circulating and emerging clones of corynebacterium diphtheriae, and hence there is a need for highly discriminatory, simple and portable typing methods. in the complete genome sequence of c. diphtheriae strain nctc13129, we previously identified in silico two clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) loci, and developed a macroarray-base ... | 2007 | 17431853 |
| some unusual manifestations of proteolysis. | in the article the results of the long-term researches revealing the essence of the following three phenomena are generalized. 1. participation of active oxygen species (especially, superoxide radical) in activation of zymogens--plasminogen, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pepsinogen and in realization of the catalytic (proteolytic) function of a number of proteinases. the essence of the hypothesis of oxygen-dependent reactions of proteolysis is stated. as shown by the example of mouse brain homo ... | 2006 | 17543196 |
| qualitative and quantitative analysis of microbial aerosols in selected areas within the college of dentistry, king saud university. | to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial aerosols before, during, and after clinical work sessions in different areas within a multichair dental clinic, an isolation clinic, the sterilization center, and the prosthetic laboratory in the college of dentistry, king saud university. in addition, the contributions of aerosols generated by different types of dental procedures were investigated. | 2007 | 17568825 |
| cutaneous diphtheroid infection and review of other cutaneous gram-positive bacillus infections. | cutaneous diphtheria is a rare infection in the united states. this article presents a case of genital ulcerations, which were likely secondary to cutaneous coryneform bacterial infection, and reviews the literature concerning the diagnosis and management of this entity. in addition, we briefly review other gram-positive bacillus bacterial infections of the skin. | 2007 | 17569399 |
| a six-month audit of the isolation of fusobacterium necrophorum from patients with sore throat in a district general hospital. | fusobacterium necrophorum is an obligate anaerobe believed to be a member of the normal flora of the human oropharangeal and urogenital tract. it has been associated with deep-seated infections and was first described in 1936 by lemierre, a french microbiologist. there is now strong evidence to suggest that it is also a cause of recurrent sore throat and persistent sore throat syndrome (psts) without leading to full systemic infection. it is considered to be the second most common cause of sore ... | 2007 | 17633139 |
| diphtheria due to non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae: a report of two cases. | diseases due to non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae are being increasingly reported. these diseases have been found to occur in vaccinated individuals. we report two cases of diphtheria with myocarditis and polyneuritis caused by non-toxigenic strains of c. diphtheriae. the virulence factors of this organism and the pitfalls in diagnosis have also been discussed. | 2002 | 17657027 |
| [development studies of lyophilized standard diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines]. | in this study, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine components were prepared as the formulations of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp), diphtheria-tetanus (dt) for children, diphtheria-tetanus (td) for adults, and tetanus toxoid (tt), respectively. alhydrogel-adsorbed vaccines prepared to contain the stabilizing substances were lyophilized and the immunogenicity tests were carried out both in vivo and in vitro. the potencies of the tetanus component of the vaccines were obtained by the leth ... | 2007 | 17682702 |
| quantification of diphtheria toxin mediated adp-ribosylation in a solid-phase assay. | because of reduced vaccination programs, the number of diphtheria infections has increased in the last decade. diphtheria toxin (dt) is expressed by corynebacterium diphtheriae and is responsible for the lethality of diphtheria. dt inhibits cellular protein synthesis by adp-ribosylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eef2). no in vitro system for the quantification of dt enzymatic activity exists. we developed a solid-phase assay for the specific detection of adp-ribosylation by dt. | 2007 | 17712004 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: identification and characterization of a channel-forming protein in the cell wall. | the cell wall fraction of the gram-positive, nontoxic corynebacterium diphtheriae strain c8r(-) tox- (=atcc 11913) contained a channel-forming protein, as judged from reconstitution experiments with artificial lipid bilayer experiments. the channel-forming protein was present in detergent-treated cell walls and in extracts of whole cells obtained using organic solvents. the protein had an apparent molecular mass of about 66 kda as determined on tricine-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 2007 | 17720794 |
| antagonistic effect of corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis. | 1947 | 17769488 | |
| viability and retention of virulence of a culture of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1931 | 17771854 | |
| analysis of secreted protein profile and enzymatic activities from corynebacterium diphtheriae and bordetella pertussis on production batch media using peptide quenched fluorescent substrates. | proteases were identified and characterized from the culture supernatant of the c. diphtheriae and b. pertussis bacteria. the proteases were secreted in the media and detected at the end of the exponential growth phase. activity was detected in some fluorescent substrates, based on selected protein sequences such as insuline beta-chain, bradykinin, and synaptobrevin. the proteases were purified by means of gel filtration chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( ... | 2007 | 17849290 |
| interplay between dtxr and nitric oxide reductase activities: a functional genomics approach indicating involvement of homologous protein domains in bacterial pathogenesis. | corynebacterium diphtheriae pathogenesis depends on the production of toxin (dtx), which in turn depends on a micromolar concentration of nitric oxide (no)-mediated deactivation of dtxr (an iron-dependent regulator). inside a host, the pathogen often encounters excess of no that acts as an oxidative toxicant. therefore a critical level of no needs to be maintained by the pathogen. this necessitates reduction of excess no by the presence of a reductase, namely nitric oxide reductase (nor). simila ... | 2007 | 17877539 |
| [the humoral immunity against diphtheria]. | results of the conducted study showed that naturally acquired antibacterial and postvaccinal antitoxic antibodies against diphtheria were found in human blood sera. challenge of adt-m toxoid to adults resulted in production of antitoxic as well as antibacterial antibodies in high concentrations. in response to challenge of adt-m toxoid simultaneously with bacterial vaccine against diphtheria codivac both antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies were synthesized in blood on optimal physiologic leve ... | 2007 | 17882831 |
| [study of diphtheria anatoxins in immunochemical and tissue culture assays]. | equine diphtheria antitoxins from different manufacturers were studied. their immunochemical interaction with diphtheria toxin, toxoid, and antigens of corynebacterium diphtheriae in elisa and immunoblotting assays as well as biological activity in cho cell assay were compared. the discovered differences between antitoxin samples with stated equal activity in iu/ml point to heterogeneity of antigen composition in preparations used for immunization. mentioned methods allow to standardize antitoxi ... | 2007 | 17882833 |
| role of the n-terminal helix in the metal ion-induced activation of the diphtheria toxin repressor dtxr. | the metal ion-regulated transcriptional repressor dtxr has been shown to repress the transcription of the diphtheria toxin and other genes associated with ferrous ion homeostasis in corynebacterium diphtheriae. in vivo studies of single-alanine mutations located in the n-terminal helix of dtxr show that the activity of the mutants is reduced compared to that of the wild type. the three-dimensional structures of the apo and activated forms of dtxr show conformational changes in the n-terminal hel ... | 2007 | 17902703 |
| prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies and circulation of corynebacterium diphtheriae in são paulo, brazil. | the introduction of routine vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria in brazil has decreased the incidence and changed the epidemiology of both diseases. we then investigated the prevalence of corynebacterium diphtheriae carrier status and diphtheria and tetanus immunity in são paulo, brazil. from november 2001 to march 2003, 374 individuals were tested for the presence of c. diphtheriae in the naso-oropharynx and of serum diphtheria and tetanus antibodies. participants were all healthy indivi ... | 2007 | 17906776 |
| housekeeping sortase facilitates the cell wall anchoring of pilus polymers in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | many surface proteins in gram-positive bacteria are covalently linked to the cell wall through a transpeptidation reaction catalysed by the enzyme sortase. corynebacterium diphtheriae encodes six sortases, five of which are devoted to the assembly of three distinct types of pilus fibres--srta for the spaa-type pilus, srtb/srtc for the spad-type pilus, and srtd/srte for the spah-type pilus. we demonstrate here the function of srtf, the so-called housekeeping sortase, in the cell wall anchoring of ... | 2007 | 17919283 |
| backbone dynamics in an intramolecular prolylpeptide-sh3 complex from the diphtheria toxin repressor, dtxr. | the diphtheria toxin repressor contains an sh3-like domain that forms an intramolecular complex with a proline-rich (pr) peptide segment and stabilizes the inactive state of the repressor. upon activation of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) by transition metals, this intramolecular complex must dissociate as the sh3 domain and pr segment form different interactions in the active repressor. here we investigate the dynamics of this intramolecular complex using backbone amide nuclear spin relaxati ... | 2007 | 17976643 |
| analysis of toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans strains revealing potential for false-negative real-time pcr results. | diphtheria surveillance depends on the rapid and reliable recognition of the toxin gene in corynebacterium diphtheriae. real-time pcr is a rapid tool to confirm the presence of the diphtheria toxin gene (tox) in an isolate or specimen. we report that some toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans strains show atypical results in a real-time pcr for tox. | 2008 | 17989189 |
| determinants of protection against diphtheria in adult hemodialysis patients. | diphtheria is of great epidemiological concern. although mainly observed during childhood, unvaccinated adults and relatively immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for acquiring diphtheria. we aimed to determine the rates and certain determinants of protection against diphtheria in adult hemodialysis (hd) patients. protection rates of 322 hd patients were compared with 65 diabetes mellitus type 2 (dm) patients and 65 healthy controls. a questionnaire was held in regard to smoking habi ... | 2007 | 17994451 |
| a new suspending medium used for the intracutaneous virulence test of bacillus diphtheriae. | 1929 | 18012859 | |
| laboratory: intradermal method of virulence testing of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1932 | 18013470 | |
| properties of strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae obtained from various parts of the united states. | 1942 | 18015640 | |
| use of a potassium tellurite medium in the detection of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1946 | 18016380 | |
| the isolation of coproporphyrin iii from corynebacterium diphtheriae culture filtrates. | 1948 | 18099982 | |
| an in-vitro test of the toxin-producing capacity of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1949 | 18112617 | |
| a modified loeffler's medium for cultivating corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1949 | 18116325 | |
| the in vitro test for virulence of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 1949 | 18141126 | |
| bacteriological & epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria cases in & around delhi -a retrospective study. | diphtheria infections caused by the different toxigenic biotypes of corynebacterium diphtheriae are endemic in delhi. information on biochemical identification, toxigenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility to this bacterium is scanty. this retrospective study was carried out to identify isolated corynebacteria biochemically, determine their toxigenicity, drug sensitivity and some epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria cases from delhi and adjoining states for the period 1998-2004. | 2007 | 18219082 |
| antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of tribulus terrestris l. growing in iraq. | antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of tribulus terrestris l., an iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against 11 species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albica ... | 2008 | 18257138 |
| skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? | microbes found on the skin are usually regarded as pathogens, potential pathogens or innocuous symbiotic organisms. advances in microbiology and immunology are revising our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microbial virulence and the specific events involved in the host-microbe interaction. current data contradict some historical classifications of cutaneous microbiota and suggest that these organisms may protect the host, defining them not as simple symbiotic microbes but rather as ... | 2008 | 18275522 |
| dnase test as a novel approach for the routine screening of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | to examine the value of the dnase test as an alternative procedure for differentiating corynebacterium diphtheriae from corynebacterium-like colonies. | 2008 | 18290809 |
| investigation of immunity level against diphtheria and reinforcement of immunity by booster vaccination for infection control staff in okayama prefecture. | the prevalence of immunity against diphtheria among okayama local government staff members involved in diphtheria infection control was measured. diphtheria booster vaccination was administered to staff members with low antitoxin levels (<0.1 iu/ml) in order to reinforce of immunity. ninety-one (36.7%) of 248 staff members, 20-69 years of age, had fully protective antitoxin levels (> or =0.1 iu/ml), and the remaining 157 (63.3%) showed levels of <0.1 iu/ml. the rate of full protection was higher ... | 2008 | 18362396 |
| properties of corynephage attachment site and molecular epidemiology of corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from humans and animals in japan. | sporadic reports of corynebacterium ulcerans infection in humans and animals have become increasingly common throughout the world. between 2001 and 2006, five human cases, in addition to isolation of the bacterium from the carcasses of orcinus orca and panthera leo, were reported in japan. while an isolate from p. leo generated only phospholipase d (pld), the other isolates produced both pld and diphtheria-like toxin (dlt). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that isolates from p. l ... | 2008 | 18362399 |
| [mechanisms of immune response during diphtheria infection]. | state-of-the-art data about mechanisms of immune response against diphtheria are presented. antitoxic and antibacterial immunity as well as factors of natural resistance are characterized. allergic and autoimmune reactions during diphtheria and their role in the development of complications are reviewed. literature data and results of authors' studies in area of immunity against diphtheria are included in the review. | 2008 | 18376469 |
| a pcr for dtxr gene: application to diagnosis of non-toxigenic and toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the significant rise in the percentage of adults susceptible to diphtheria and the emergence of non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains as the causative agent of endocarditis and other systemic infections emphasize the need for alternative laboratory diagnostic procedures. in this study, for the first time, the value of a species-specific pcr assay that targets the dtxr gene is documented as a procedure for differentiating c. diphtheriae from corynebacterium-like colonies. the results ... | 2008 | 18378421 |
| cutaneous diphtheria masquerading as a sexually transmitted disease. | a 41 year-old, sexually promiscuous, married male, an agricultural laborer by occupation, presented to our sexually transmitted diseases (std) clinic with multiple ulcers over the scrotum and genitalia of 20 days' duration. bacterial culture from swabs taken from the genital ulcer, grew organisms morphologically and biochemically characteristic of corynebacterium diphtheriae. he made a complete and uneventful recovery after two weeks of therapy with antidiphtheria serum and crystalline penicilli ... | 2008 | 18404803 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of bioactive constituents from hydnophytum formicarum jack. | hydnophytum formicarum jack. (rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant whose tubers possesses cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic effects and have been used for the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and diarrhea. herein we report the isolation of its active constituents and the testing of their antimicrobial activity against 27 strains of microorganisms using an agar dilution method and of their antioxidative activity using the dpph and sod assays. the results show that the crude hexane, ... | 2008 | 18463592 |