Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| beta-lactam resistance: clinical implications for pediatric patients. | the emergence of resistance to established antibiotic agents such as beta-lactams has been reported worldwide and poses a serious challenge to the management of pediatric infections. the most common mechanism of resistance involves the production of an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic before it can be effective. streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of pediatric respiratory tract infections, exhibits variable resistance to penicillins and aminopenicillin due to alterations in its ... | 2002 | 11921492 |
| detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae in spiked clinical samples by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) was applied to the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae. m. pneumoniae rna prepared from a plasmid construct was used to assess the sensitivity of the assay, and an internal control for the detection of inhibitors was constructed. the sensitivity of the nasba assay was 10 molecules of wild-type m. pneumoniae rna generated in vitro and 5 color-changing units (ccu) of m. pneumoniae. an appropriate specimen preparation procedure was develop ... | 2002 | 11923354 |
| production of bro beta-lactamases and resistance to complement in european moraxella catarrhalis isolates. | of the 419 moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected during the 1997-1999 european sentry surveillance study, 385 (92%) were beta-lactamase positive. twenty-two (5.7%) produced bro-2 beta-lactamase. twenty-one new mutations were found in the putative promoter region of the bro genes. nineteen percent of all isolates tested were complement sensitive. resistance to beta-lactams is not linked to the phylogenetic lineages associated with susceptibility to complement. | 2002 | 11923393 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes: results of a multicentre study in turkey. | the in vitro activities of several antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (283), haemophilus influenzae (272), moraxella catarrhalis (179) and streptococcus pyogenes (256) were determined in a multicentre study with the participation of five hospitals from four cities in turkey. penicillin resistance in s. pneumoniae was evaluated using the e-test and the remaining agents by disk diffusion. for s. pneumoniae overall 25.8% of the isolates were intermediately an ... | 2002 | 11932143 |
| biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. | though biofilms were first described by antonie van leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. we now understand that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstru ... | 2002 | 11932229 |
| epidemiology of major respiratory pathogens. | a vast literature attests to the fact that streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis represent the prevailing bacterial pathogens of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. their specific incidence as causative agents of the more common syndromes is known to vary even profoundly, depending on geographic area, and the same holds true for their rates of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. europe does not escape the threat posed by the present pandemic ... | 2001 | 11936367 |
| symptoms and clinical and radiological signs predicting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in acute rhinosinusitis. | a minority of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (urti) have a bacterial infection and may benefit from antibiotherapy. in previous investigations we showed that in patients suffering from acute rhinosinusitis associated with the presence of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis in their nasopharygeal secretions, resolution of symptoms was significantly improved by antibiotic treatment. the present analysis was performed to determine whether spec ... | 2002 | 11936912 |
| identification of fur and flda homologs and a pasteurella multocida tbpa homolog in histophilus ovis and effects of iron availability on their transcription. | tbpa, fur, and flda homologs from two strains (9l and 3384y) of the sheep pathogen histophilus ovis were sequenced. the predicted tbpa proteins of these strains are homologs of the pasteurella multocida tbpa protein and collectively represent the second example of a new subfamily of tonb-dependent receptors. tbpa transcripts were readily detected by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr with rna isolated from strain 9l grown under iron-restricted conditions in the presence or absence of bovine transfer ... | 2002 | 11948169 |
| genomic analysis of the f3031 brazilian purpuric fever clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius by pcr-based subtractive hybridization. | pcr-based subtractive genome hybridization produced clones harboring inserts present in brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) prototype strain f3031 but absent in noninvasive haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius isolate f1947. some of these inserts have no matches in the genbank database, while others are similar to genes encoding either known or hypothetical proteins. one insert represents a 2.3-kb locus with similarity to a thermotoga maritima hypothetical protein, while another is part of a 7.6 ... | 2002 | 11953414 |
| histopathologic differences due to bacterial species in acute otitis media. | to compare selected features of histopathology in acute otitis media caused by various bacteria and examine potential differences due to bacterial species, as well as possible correlation to experimental and human clinical findings. | 2002 | 11955601 |
| nb2001, a novel antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity and enhanced potency against beta-lactamase-producing strains. | enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic activation (ecta) is a novel prodrug strategy to overcome drug resistance resulting from enzyme overexpression. beta-lactamase overexpression is a common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. we present here the results for one of the beta-lactamase ecta compounds, nb2001, which consists of the antibacterial agent triclosan in a prodrug form with a cephalosporin scaffold. unlike conventional beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrolysis of the bet ... | 2002 | 11959554 |
| determination of antimicrobial activity of cefaclor on common respiratory tract pathogens in pakistan. | to determine the antimicrobial activity of cefaclor against common respiratory tract pathogens isolated from patients in pakistan. | 2002 | 11963587 |
| [clinical and therapeutical correlations in moraxella catarrhalis respiratory infection in children]. | in childhood recurrent respiratory infection with moraxella catarrhalis have high incidence demonstrated by multiple risk factors association (atopia, immunsuppresion, chronic diseases, malnutrition) that makes this common bacteria pathogen. the study was carried on 56 children (0-16 years old). authors try to find correlations between clinical signs and microbiological markers that determine recurrent respiratory infection with moraxella catarrhalis. treatment consisted of association between " ... | 2001 | 11977497 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. changes in czop susceptibility for the bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated with the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (3,362 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinica ... | 2002 | 11977920 |
| antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens isolated in brazil during 1999-2000. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to commonly tested and prescribed agents was investigated during 1999-2000 and compared with results obtained during a previous 1997-1998 study. of 448 isolates of s. pneumoniae collected and tested in 1999-2000, 77.2% were susceptible, 19.9% were intermediate, and 2.9% were resistant to penicillin, demonstrating that there were no major changes in sus ... | 2003 | 11980591 |
| real-time lightcycler pcr for detection and discrimination of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis. | real-time pcr assays based on the lightcycler technology were developed for individual (simplex pcr) and simultaneous (duplex pcr) detection and discrimination of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in clinical samples. the assays were evaluated with 113 specimens from patients with and without symptoms of pertussis. results were compared to those from conventional culture and taqman real-time pcr. the analytical sensitivity ranged from 0.1 to 10 cfu for b. pertussis and b. paraper ... | 2002 | 11980949 |
| household transmission of streptococcus pneumoniae among siblings with acute otitis media. | nasopharyngeal transmission of streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated among 23 siblings with acute otitis media (aom). restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed that the nasopharyngeal strains were identical between siblings in 12 of 13 clusters of aom experienced in 11 families. this study demonstrated person-to-person transmission of s. pneumoniae, especially drug-resistant strains, among siblings with aom. | 2002 | 11980976 |
| nasopharyngeal penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae strains among young children in japan. | a rapid increase of penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae has recently been reported in most areas of the world. penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae and other resistant bacteria are the principal causes of recurrent acute otitis media (aom). penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae was examined so that we could investigate the bacteriologic and clinical interpretations of nasopharyngeal flora from healthy children. | 2002 | 11981394 |
| ceftriaxone: an update of its use in the management of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. | ceftriaxone is a parenteral third-generation cephalosporin with a long elimination half-life which permits once-daily administration. it has good activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria spp. although active against enterobacteriaceae, the recent spread of derepressed mutants which hyperproduce chromosomal beta-lactamases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases has diminished the activity of all th ... | 2002 | 11985490 |
| viral respiratory infection in schoolchildren: effects on middle ear pressure. | to evaluate the effect of uncomplicated viral respiratory infections (colds) on middle ear pressure in healthy school-aged children. | 2002 | 11986442 |
| beta-lactamase-producing moraxella catarrhalis may prevent the emergence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in children with recurrent acute otitis media. | we studied the effect of concomitant nasopharyngeal carriage of beta-lactamase producing moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae on the occurrence of penicillin resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae. we took nasopharyngeal samples from 306 children with recurrent otitis media and a history of several antibiotic treatments. we could isolate at least one of the pathogens in 89 subjects. of these children 13% carried more than one pathogen. of the isolated m. catarrhalis and h. influenzae ... | 2002 | 11997157 |
| identification of an antifreeze lipoprotein from moraxella sp. of antarctic origin. | we found six bacteria capable of producing antifreeze protein (afp) from ross island, antarctica. among these afp-producing bacteria, strain no. 82 had the highest antifreeze activity and was identified as moraxella sp. the optimum temperature and ph for the production of afp were 5 degrees c and 7.0, respectively. after partially purifying the afp from the culture supernatant using 60% saturation of ammonium sulfate, only the 52-kda protein band (100 microg/ml) which eluted from sds-page indica ... | 2002 | 11999394 |
| clinical judgment predicts culture results in upper respiratory tract infections. | we wanted to describe the natural history, familial transmission, microbiology, and accuracy of clinical judgment of potential pathogens of respiratory tract infections in a community family practice. | 2002 | 12002206 |
| bacteriology of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis. | aspirates of 15 acutely and 13 chronically infected frontal sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. a total of 20 isolates (1.3 per specimen) were recovered from the 15 cases of acute frontal sinusitis, 16 aerobic and facultative isolates (1.1 per specimen) and 4 anaerobic isolates (0.3 per specimen). aerobic and facultative organisms alone were recovered in 13 specimens (87%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 2 (13%). the predominant aerobic and facu ... | 2002 | 12003592 |
| ceftriaxone activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens isolated in us clinical microbiology laboratories from 1996 to 2000: results from the surveillance network (tsn) database-usa. | ceftriaxone was introduced into clinical practice in the usa in 1985 and was the first extended-spectrum (third-generation) cephalosporin approved for once-daily treatment of patients with gram-positive or gram-negative infections. review of ceftriaxone activity is important given its continued use since the mid-1980s and reports of emerging resistance among all antimicrobial agent classes. we reviewed the activity of ceftriaxone and relevant comparative agents against five gram-positive and 11 ... | 2002 | 12007850 |
| a new intra-nalt route elicits mucosal and systemic immunity against moraxella catarrhalis in a mouse challenge model. | mucosally administered antigens are often poorly immunogenic due to the difficulty of transporting antigens through the mucosal epithelium. we investigated a new route of intranasal-associated lymphoid tissue (intra-nalt) administration of antigens to circumvent the antigen transportation barrier. a comparative study was carried out on mice administered with killed whole cells of moraxella catarrhalis strain 25238 plus cholera toxin (ct) by intra-nalt injection and nasal inoculation. both routes ... | 2002 | 12009294 |
| prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle. | bacterial attachment to host cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection. our studies and those of others also showed that there is a significant correlation between the attachment of bacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells and the occurrence of respiratory tract infections. we identified the receptor on human pharyngeal epithelial cells which mediate binding of moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. in an attempt to prevent occurrence of infections, the effects o ... | 2002 | 12011518 |
| antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens collected in thailand during 1999-2000. | a multi-center surveillance study was conducted in thailand during 1999-2000 to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities among the respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 206), haemophilus influenzae (n = 305), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 39). of the s. pneumoniae isolates collected, 33.5% were penicillin-susceptible, 27.2% intermediate and 39.3% resistant. expectedly, resistance rates to beta-lactams were higher among penicillin-resistant (ceftriaxone, 14.8%; amoxicillin-clavulan ... | 2002 | 12017369 |
| cefdinir: an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. | cefdinir is an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antimicrobial agent that has been approved for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, acute bacterial otitis media, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections in adult and pediatric patients. | 2002 | 12017394 |
| activity of the ketolide telithromycin is refractory to erm monomethylation of bacterial rrna. | methylation of specific nucleotides in rrna is one of the means by which bacteria achieve resistance to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin b (mls(b)) and ketolide antibiotics. the degree of resistance is determined by how effectively the rrna is methylated. we have implemented a bacterial system in which the rrna methylations are defined, and in this study we investigate what effect erm mono- and dimethylation of the rrna has on the activity of representative mls(b) and ketolide antibiotics. ... | 2002 | 12019067 |
| antibacterial activities and characterization of novel inhibitors of lpxc. | lipid a is the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and forms the major lipid component of the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. lipid a is required for bacterial growth and virulence, and inhibition of its biosynthesis is lethal to bacteria. udp-3-o-(r-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (lpxc) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the second step in the biosynthesis of lipid a. inhibitors of lpxc have previously been shown to have antibiotic ... | 2002 | 12019092 |
| resistant bacteria in the adenoid tissues of children with otitis media with effusion. | to investigate the relationship between the resistant bacteria in the adenoid tissue and the middle ear effusion of children who underwent myringotomy and adenoidectomy with the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion (ome). | 2002 | 12020912 |
| vaccination and otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis may induce specific systemic and/or local immune responses, which may protect from otitis media caused by the same bacteria. however, earlier clinical trials with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines have not been successful in preventing aom. recently developed pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugates proved immunogenic even in infants, and a heptavalent pneumococcal crm 1 ... | 2002 | 12021498 |
| the novel igd binding protein from moraxella catarrhalis induces human b lymphocyte activation and ig secretion in the presence of th2 cytokines. | moraxella igd binding protein (mid) is a novel bacterial outer membrane protein with igd-binding properties. mid was purified from the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis and is here shown to have b cell stimulatory properties. purified mid in the range of 0.01-0.1 microg/ml was optimal to induce a proliferative response in human pbl. mid coupled to sepharose and formalin-fixed m. catarrhalis preparations induced similar proliferative responses in pbl cultures. mid or mid-sepharose stimul ... | 2002 | 12023354 |
| characterization of unusual bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients and description of inquilinus limosus gen. nov., sp. nov. | using a polyphasic approach (including cellular protein and fatty acid analysis, biochemical characterization, 16s ribosomal dna sequencing, and dna-dna hybridizations), we characterized 51 bacterial isolates recovered from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. our analyses showed that 24 isolates belong to taxa that have so far not (or only rarely) been reported from cf patients. these taxa include acinetobacter sp., bordetella hinzii, burkholderia fungorum, comamonas testost ... | 2002 | 12037065 |
| new vaccine development. | 2002 | 12039828 | |
| significance of haemophilus spp. and branhamella catarrhalis in upper respiratory tract infections. | haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis can be considered inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract in humans. although the pathogenetic role of h. influenzae cannot be discussed, the authors report the mechanisms of pathogenicity of this microorganism; furthermore, they discuss the direct or indirect pathogenicity of b. catarrhalis in respiratory tract diseases and the ability of both microorganisms to produce beta-lactamases. h. influenzae and b. catarrhalis, together with s. pneum ... | 1991 | 12041752 |
| [antibodies to iron-regulated proteins of meningococci in blood sera of healthy persons of different age groups]. | one hundred and twenty individual sera obtained from healthy persons of different age groups were studied for the presence of antibodies to meningococcal iron-regulated proteins (irp). the study revealed that occurrence of such antibodies in sera under study was irp nature- and age-dependent. antibodies to two irp were found to occur most frequently: 85 kd (tbpb) and 72 kd (frpb). antibodies to the former irp were detected in more than 50% and antibodies to the latter irp, in more than 90% of se ... | 2002 | 12043151 |
| [incidence of selected bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract in patients with bronchial asthma]. | chronic bacterial infections intensify the reactivity of bronchi and aggravate the course and the control of asthma. they cause the disorders of both function and the structure of respiratory epithelium. not only structural elements of bacteria but also their toxins intensify the release of mediators of the inflammatory reaction (leucotriens, histamine, il1, il4, il6, il8, tnf alpha). the aim of our research is to determine the prevalence of microorganisms, which can have an influence on the cou ... | 2002 | 12043306 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ... | 2002 | 12071094 |
| determination of anti-microbial susceptibilities of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. | a retrospective study to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern seen in respiratory tract pathogens. | 2002 | 12073719 |
| antibacterial activity of oral antibiotics against community-acquired respiratory pathogens from three european countries. | antimicrobial resistance is universally recognized as a major problem. a european resistance survey was established to monitor the activity of widely used oral antibiotics against common respiratory tract pathogens. studies were conducted in italy, spain and austria to monitor resistance patterns among respiratory streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae to amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, penicilli ... | 2002 | 12077154 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral beta-lactam antibiotics as a two-dimensional approach to their efficacy. | pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are increasingly recognized as important determinants of the therapeutic efficacy of an antibiotic. for beta-lactam antibiotics, the most important determinant of the antimicrobial efficacy, and hence predictor of therapeutic efficacy, is the length of time that serum concentrations exceed the mic. dosing schedules for beta-lactam antibiotics should maintain serum concentrations above the mic for the bacterial pathogen for at least 50% of the dosing ... | 2002 | 12077155 |
| clinical efficacy of cefpodoxime in respiratory tract infection. | acute otitis media (aom), sinusitis and tonsillopharyngitis are respiratory tract infections frequently encountered by primary-care physicians. increasing bacterial resistance, particularly in streptococcus pneumoniae, which is one of the most important respiratory tract bacteria implicated in community-acquired respiratory tract infections, has led to concern about the current options for empirical antibiotic treatment and has prompted a search for effective alternative treatments. data from in ... | 2002 | 12077157 |
| antibiotics in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the benefit of antimicrobial therapy for patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) remains controversial for two main reasons. first, the distal airways of patients with chronic bronchitis are persistently colonised, even during clinically stable periods, with the same bacteria that have been associated with aecb. second, bacterial infection is only one of several causes of aecb. these factors have led to conflicting analyses on the role of bacterial agents and the respons ... | 2002 | 12084002 |
| posttrabeculectomy endophthalmitis caused by moraxella nonliquefaciens. | moraxella nonliquefaciens, a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract, is generally considered to have low pathogenic potential. we report here two cases of severe endophthalmitis occurring 9 years and 2 months after glaucoma filtration surgery, respectively. apart from sulfonamide, very low mics were recorded for several antibiotics tested. identification was based on phenotypic characteristics in combination with sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. | 2002 | 12089304 |
| in vitro activities of the ketolides abt-773 and telithromycin and of three macrolides against genetically characterized isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | 2002 | 12096026 | |
| cost-effective approaches to the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of resistance. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) infects upwards of four million people in the us each year, of which 20% require subsequent hospitalisation. consequently, it is a large contributor to excessive healthcare resource consumption and cost. since the aetiology of cap is not identified in a majority of patients, treatment is often empiric, aimed at the most common causes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and the atypical pathogens (mycoplasma pneumoniae, chla ... | 2002 | 12109917 |
| the immunoglobulin d-binding part of the outer membrane protein mid from moraxella catarrhalis comprises 238 amino acids and a tetrameric structure. | moraxella catarrhalis igd-binding protein (mid), a 200-kda outer membrane protein comprising 2,139 amino acids, has recently been isolated and shown to display a unique and specific affinity for human igd. to identify the igd-binding region, mid was digested with proteases. in addition, a series of truncated fragments of mid were manufactured and expressed in escherichia coli followed by analysis for igd binding in western and dot blots. the smallest fragment with essentially preserved igd bindi ... | 2002 | 12110669 |
| efficacy and tolerability of gatifloxacin in community treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | recognizing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) and selecting appropriate antibiotic treatment for patients who would benefit most is a challenge for community-based physicians. | 2002 | 12117081 |
| a hag mutant of moraxella catarrhalis strain o35e is deficient in hemagglutination, autoagglutination, and immunoglobulin d-binding activities. | previous studies correlated the presence of a 200-kda protein on the surface of moraxella catarrhalis with the ability of this organism to agglutinate human erythrocytes (m. fitzgerald, r. mulcahy, s. murphy, c. keane, d. coakley, and t. scott, fems immunol. med. microbiol. 18:209-216, 1997). in the present study, the gene encoding the 200-kda protein (designated hag) of m. catarrhalis strain o35e was subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis and then was inactivated by insertional mutagenesis. ... | 2002 | 12117964 |
| analysis of penicillin-binding protein genes of clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin. | the recent emergence of pneumococcal isolates exhibiting an unusual resistance phenotype of higher amoxicillin mics in relation to the penicillin mics prompted an analysis of the pbp genes from three such strains isolated in france. for comparison, three amoxicillin-susceptible strains were included in the study. dna sequence analysis of the pbp2x, pbp2b, and pbp1a genes revealed extensive sequence divergence in all six isolates compared to the sequences of the genes of penicillin-susceptible st ... | 2002 | 12121904 |
| methods for data mining from large multinational surveillance studies. | traditionally, large surveillance studies have been analyzed by the use of the mics at which 90% of isolates tested are inhibited (mic(90)s), mic(50)s, frequency distributions, and percent susceptibility. in the past, these approaches have proved satisfactory for the monitoring of resistance. from these traditional uses, one can readily detect an increase in mics for organism and drug combinations. now that large surveillance studies have been conducted for a number of years and databases have g ... | 2002 | 12121912 |
| dendritic cell influx differs between the subglottic and glottic mucosae during acute laryngotracheitis induced by a broad spectrum of stimuli. | clinically, the subglottic and glottic mucosae may react differently, eg, during acute laryngotracheitis. in healthy rats, we showed previously that the composition of the mucosal immune system of the larynx also differs between these areas. neutrophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (dcs) are part of this mucosal immune system. in particular, dcs occupy a key function. they migrate into inflamed mucosae during the early phase of the immune response, which is normally characterized by an infl ... | 2002 | 12126010 |
| [acute respiratory infections in children attending a child day care center]. | to assess the incidence of acute respiratory infections and bacterial colonization in children attending a daycare center. | 2002 | 12132316 |
| asialo-gm1 and asialo-gm2 are putative adhesion molecules for moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen of respiratory and middle ear infections. we previously reported that the attachment of m. catarrhalis to pharyngeal epithelial cells is mediated by ganglioside m2 (gm2). several sets of adhesins or receptors are involved in such attachment process. in this study, we used the same strains and similar bacterial culture conditions as those in our previous study, and demonstrated by thin layer chromatography that m. catarrhalis can also bind to asialo- ... | 2002 | 12137200 |
| incidences of nasopharyngeal colonization of respiratory bacterial pathogens in japanese children attending day-care centers. | in japan, many younger children attending day-care centers tend to frequently experience acute respiratory infections and prolonged otitis media. | 2002 | 12139560 |
| the superantigen gene ypm is located in an unstable chromosomal locus of yersinia pseudotuberculosis. | yersinia pseudotuberculosis produces ypm (y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen), a superantigenic toxin that exacerbates the virulence of the bacterium in vivo. to date, three alleles of the superantigen gene (ypma, ypmb, and ypmc) have been described. these genes are not found in all y. pseudotuberculosis strains and have a low gc content, suggesting their location on mobile genetic elements. to elucidate this question, the genetic environment of the superantigen-encoding genes was characteriz ... | 2002 | 12142419 |
| bacteriologic findings associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. | an open-label, multicenter study was performed to assess bacteriologic findings associated with chronic bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. seventy aerobic (52.2%) and 64 anaerobic (47.8%) pathogens were recovered from clinically evaluable patients at baseline (before therapy). the most commonly isolated anaerobes were prevotella species (31.1%), anaerobic streptococci (21.9%), and fusobacterium species (15.6%). the aerobes most frequently recovered included streptococcus species (21.4%), h ... | 2002 | 12145727 |
| endotoxin activity of moraxella osloensis against the grey garden slug, deroceras reticulatum. | moraxella osloensis is a gram-negative bacterium associated with phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a slug-parasitic nematode that has prospects for biological control of mollusk pests, especially the grey garden slug, deroceras reticulatum. this bacterium-feeding nematode acts as a vector that transports m. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug, and the bacterium is the killing agent in the nematode-bacterium complex. we discovered that m. osloensis produces an endotoxin(s), which is tolerant ... | 2002 | 12147494 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of potential bacterial pathogens related to day care attendance, with special reference to the molecular epidemiology of haemophilus influenzae. | nasopharyngeal carriage of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis was studied in 259 children attending day care centers (dcc) in amsterdam, the netherlands, and in 276 control children. the dcc children were sampled a second time after 4 weeks. carriage rates for dcc children and controls were 58 and 37% for s. pneumoniae, 37 and 11% for h. influenzae, and 80 and 48% for m. catarrhalis, respectively. no increased antibiotic resistance rates were found in str ... | 2002 | 12149338 |
| diagnosis of community-acquired pertussis infection: comparison of both culture and fluorescent-antibody assays with pcr detection using electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization. | diagnosis of bordetella pertussis infection has been difficult due to the low sensitivity of culture. pcr tests have been shown to be more sensitive than culture, but the reported sensitivity of pcr is variable. we evaluated pcr product detection by using either agarose gel electrophoresis (pcr-gel) or dot blot hybridization with (32)p-labeled oligonucleotide probes, and we compared these methods to both culture and direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) assays with microscopy for the detection of pe ... | 2002 | 12149350 |
| isolation from a healthy carrier and characterization of a neisseria meningitidis strain that is deficient in gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase activity. | gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase (ggt) activity is used as a specific marker for the identification of neisseria meningitidis. we isolated from a healthy carrier and characterized an n. meningitidis isolate which lacked the activity due to the insertional mutation of the ggt gene, suggesting that naturally occurring n. meningitidis isolates do not always possess ggt activity. | 2002 | 12149372 |
| high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (hmgb1) is an antibacterial factor produced by the human adenoid. | antibacterial factors were purified from human adenoid glands by tissue extraction and consecutive steps of reversed-phase chromatography and assayed for bactericidal activity against the airway pathogen moraxella catarrhalis and also escherichia coli and bacillus megaterium. one of the most active components isolated from adenoids was identified by n-terminal sequence analysis and mass spectrometry as high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (hmgb1). this novel finding was further substant ... | 2002 | 12149489 |
| clinical efficacy of new antibacterial therapies in at-risk populations. | infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb), comprise the more serious respiratory tract infections (rtis), and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in groups such as the very young, the elderly and those with co-morbid illness. up to 80% of community-acquired rtis are caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis and are ... | 2002 | 12150492 |
| evolving resistance patterns in community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens: first results from the protekt global surveillance study. prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin. | in recent years, antibacterial resistance among respiratory pathogens implicated in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rtis) has spread worldwide at an alarming rate. thus, there is a pressing need for new antibacterials that retain activity against resistant organisms, have a low potential to select for resistance and do not induce cross-resistance. telithromycin is the first of a new class of antibacterials - the ketolides - that have been designed specifically to overcome resist ... | 2002 | 12150493 |
| otitis media. | bacterial pathogens are isolated from middle ear fluid in up to 90% of children with acute otitis media (om). streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis predominate. acute om can be classified as uncomplicated, persistent, recurrent or chronic. patient age, symptom severity, prior treatment history and exposure through day-care attendance in children influences pathogen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility and anticipated clinical and microbiological respons ... | 2002 | 12150687 |
| in vitro assessment of gatifloxacin spectrum and potency tested against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the asia-western pacific component of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1998-1999). | fluoroquinolones, especially the newer agents, have an increased role in the management of respiratory tract infections worldwide. in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program for the asia-pacific region for 1998 and 1999, 630 streptococcus pneumoniae, 583 hemophilus influenzae and 274 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were examined to determine the comparative activity of the new fluoroquinolone, gatifloxacin, compared with those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trovafloxacin. gatifloxacin w ... | 2002 | 12151193 |
| treatment of acute otitis media consensus recommendations. | the objective of this paper is to provide consensus recommendations for the management of acute otitis media (aom) that pediatricians can incorporate into their daily practices. these recommendations were developed during a roundtable meeting that convened clinicians versed in the management of aom. this meeting was sponsored by an educational grant from smithkline beecham pharmaceuticals. in addition, clinical studies on aom identified via medline search were considered in the development of th ... | 2002 | 12166789 |
| new strains of bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the role of bacterial pathogens in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is controversial. in older studies, the rates of isolation of bacterial pathogens from sputum were the same during acute exacerbations and during stable disease. however, these studies did not differentiate among strains within a bacterial species and therefore could not detect changes in strains over time. we hypothesized that the acquisition of a new strain of a pathogenic bacterial species is assoc ... | 2002 | 12181400 |
| in vitro selection of resistance in haemophilus influenzae by amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. | abilities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, azithromycin, and clarithromycin to select resistant mutants of haemophilus influenzae were tested by multistep and single-step methodologies. for multistep studies, 10 random strains were tested: 5 of these were beta-lactamase positive. after 50 daily subcultures in amoxicillin-clavulanate, mics did not increase more than fourfold. however, cefprozil mics increased eightfold for one strain. clarithromycin and azithromycin gave a >4-f ... | 2002 | 12183253 |
| autoaggregation, hydrophobic, and hydrophylic properties of moraxella catarrhalis strains. | the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface was evaluated via the salt aggregation test (sat) in 58 strains (19 from the lower and 39 from the upper respiratory tracts) of moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized patients aged 25 to 65. based on the sat results, the strains were divided into three groups: autoaggregating (highly hydrophobic), hydrophobic, and hydrophilic. at a temperature of 37 degrees c, the autoaggregating, hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties did not depend on the choice o ... | 2002 | 12184444 |
| interference of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis by streptococcus oralis in adenoid organ culture: a possible strategy for the treatment of the otitis-prone child. | the role of viridans group streptococci (streptococcus oralis) in the prevention of colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis was investigated in an adenoid organ culture system. the adenoids from 100 patients who were undergoing adenoidectomy for either hypertrophy or recurrent otitis media were used. streptococcus oralis parker uniformly inhibited colonization with nontypeable h. influenzae or m. catarrhalis over a 24-hour period of incubation in adenoid or ... | 2002 | 12184590 |
| [community-acquired pneumonia--from medical technologist]. | the main causative microorganisms of community-acquired pneumonia are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococcus aureus. especially the causative microorganisms affecting whole body basic disease, persons of advanced age, and alcoholic patients are moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida spp., cryptococcus spp., aspergillus spp., pneumocystis carinii and anaerobic bacteria. other microorganisms involved in epidemic disease, action c ... | 2002 | 12187704 |
| relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of copd exacerbations. | patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are prone to frequent exacerbations which are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. stable copd patients often have lower airway bacterial colonisation which may be an important stimulus to airway inflammation and thereby modulate exacerbation frequency. | 2002 | 12200518 |
| laboratory diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections: controversy and conundrums. | 2002 | 12202540 | |
| rapid-cycle pcr and fluorimetry for detection of mycobacteria. | in this study we used lightcycler pcr amplification and product detection by fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes to identify mycobacteria and differentiate between mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium, and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. targeting the 16s rrna gene, three different probes specific for mycobacteria, m. tuberculosis complex, and m. avium were constructed. as few as five genome copies of target nucleic acid were detected by the probes, illustrating t ... | 2002 | 12202580 |
| antimicrobial action of nitens mouthwash (cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate) on multiple isolates of pharyngeal microbes: a controlled study against chlorhexidine, benzydamine, hexetidine, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, clarithromycin, and cefaclor. | acute oropharyngeal and respiratory tract infections are due to a wide spectrum of microorganisms. the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the in vitro activity of four antiseptics (cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate, chlorhexidine, benzydamine, hexetidine) to four antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, clarithromycin, cefaclor) on strains of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2002 | 12218263 |
| effect of antibiotic pretreatment on resistance. | the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics limits the efficacy of technical developments in the field of infectious diseases. this is particularly true for respiratory tract infections, which are by far the main reason for antibiotic use in developed countries. antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens involves both gram-positive (primarily streptococcus pneumoniae) and gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and the more rare enterobacteriaceae) microo ... | 2002 | 12226803 |
| discovery of a novel and potent class of fabi-directed antibacterial agents. | bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase (fabi) catalyzes the final step in each elongation cycle of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and is an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents. high-throughput screening of the staphylococcus aureus fabi enzyme identified a novel, weak inhibitor with no detectable antibacterial activity against s. aureus. iterative medicinal chemistry and x-ray crystal structure-based design led to the identification of compound 4 [( ... | 2002 | 12234833 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of gsq1530, a new heteroaromatic polycyclic compound. | gsq1530 is a compound derived from a newly identified class of antibiotics referred to as heteroaromatic polycyclic (harp) antibiotics. the aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gsq1530. by using an nccls broth microdilution assay, the activities of gsq1530 and other antibiotics were coevaluated against 215 clinical isolates. the mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)s) of gsq1530 for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-res ... | 2002 | 12234840 |
| influence of moxifloxacin, comparator drugs and some fractions of pulmonary surfactant on adherence of some respiratory pathogens. | this study evaluated the effect of moxifloxacin and comparator drugs with or without some fractions of pulmonary surfactant, as surfactant protein-a (sp-a) and phospholipids, on the adherence of the most common respiratory pathogens. | 2002 | 12236562 |
| acute otitis media in infants younger than two months of age: microbiology, clinical presentation and therapeutic approach. | information on the causative agents of acute otitis media (aom) in infants <2 months of age is limited. | 2002 | 12237601 |
| the protekt surveillance study: antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | this paper presents data relating to haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from protekt (1999-2000), a surveillance study that examined the susceptibility of respiratory pathogens to current and new antibacterials. beta-lactamase production is the principal mechanism of resistance to ampicillin and other beta-lactam antibacterials in h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis. the protekt study showed that globally, the prevalence of beta-lactamase production in h. influenzae varied considerabl ... | 2002 | 12239228 |
| clinical and economic implications of antimicrobial resistance for the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | lower respiratory tract infections (rtis), particularly community-acquired pneumonia (cap), account for over 50 million deaths annually worldwide. they place an extensive clinical and financial burden on healthcare authorities. upper rtis, usually mild and non-life threatening, also incur significant healthcare costs. the rising prevalence of resistance of the major causative agents of cap (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) to beta-lactam antimicrobials ... | 2002 | 12239229 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated in two successive respiratory seasons in the us. | antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis were determined in two consecutive respiratory seasons in the us and suggested that national susceptibilities to commonly tested antimicrobials changed only slightly from the 1999-2000 to the 2000-2001 respiratory season. however, a significant regional variation in s. pneumoniae susceptibilities was observed, as was a decrease in beta-lactamase rates among h. influe ... | 2002 | 12297355 |
| oral antimicrobial susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates from japanese children. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 11 oral antibiotics were measured for 140 streptococcus pneumoniae, 115 haemophilus influenzae, and 46 moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from japanese children. the antibiotics selected included a range of commonly prescribed agents together with a selection of new cefems and a penem. cefditoren was most active against the highly penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, beta-lactamase-producing h. influenzae and beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-r ... | 2002 | 12297362 |
| community-based treatment of acute uncomplicated bacterial rhinosinusitis with gatifloxacin. | we sought to evaluate gatifloxacin in adults with acute uncomplicated bacterial rhinosinusitis. | 2002 | 12297808 |
| direct detection and differentiation of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens by dual-color real-time pcr and melting curve analysis. | a dual-color lightcycler pcr assay targeting the 16s rdna gene of legionella spp. was established. by using two pairs of hybridization probes, legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila could be detected and differentiated simultaneously. with 26 culture-positive and 42 culture-negative respiratory specimens from patients with atypical pneumonia, 100% sensitivity and specificity was observed for l. pneumophila. | 2002 | 12354888 |
| comparison of the in vitro activities of several new fluoroquinolones against respiratory pathogens and their abilities to select fluoroquinolone resistance. | in this study the in vitro activities and pharmacodynamic properties of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and gemifloxacin were compared on recently isolated respiratory pathogens and strains of streptococcus pneumoniae with known mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance. in addition, the resistance selection frequencies of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin on three recently isolated respiratory pathogens and four strains of s. pneumoniae with known mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance we ... | 2002 | 12356793 |
| effect of protein binding on the in vitro activity and pharmacodynamics of faropenem. | the influence of protein binding upon different aspects of the in vitro activity of faropenem on recently isolated staphylococcus aureus and respiratory pathogens was determined. the protein binding of faropenem was investigated in inactivated human serum and albumin by ultrafiltration. the effect of the presence of inactivated human serum and albumin on the in vitro activity of faropenem and amoxicillin was established and the influence of protein binding on the pharmacodynamic properties of fa ... | 2002 | 12356797 |
| the clinical role of alloiococcus otitidis in otitis media with effusion. | to investigate the presence of alloiococcus otitidis (a. otitidis) in mees from patients with otitis media with effusion (ome) using pcr and to correlate the findings with the clinical picture of children with ome for assessing the clinical role of a. otitidis in ome. | 2002 | 12363421 |
| gatifloxacin phase iv surveillance trial (teqces study) utilizing 5000 primary care physician practices: report of pathogens isolated and susceptibility patterns in community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | recently fda-approved fluoroquinolones like gatifloxacin possess enhanced activity against gram-positive pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae. however, experience with adverse events among previously used fluoroquinolones has led to expanded post-marketing investigations of clinical efficacy and safety. an open-label gatifloxacin trial was initiated in early 2000, using 2795 (>15000 enrolled cases) primary care providers for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (car ... | 2002 | 12376036 |
| oral gatifloxacin in outpatient community-acquired pneumonia: results from teqces, a community-based, open-label, multicenter study. | gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone with broad activity against respiratory tract pathogens, including those commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral gatifloxacin 400 mg once daily for seven to 14 days, community-based physicians enrolled adult outpatients with confirmed or suspected cap in a prospective, single-arm, open-label, noncomparative study. of 1488 clinically evaluable patients with radiographically confirmed or c ... | 2002 | 12376037 |
| specific immune responses and enhancement of murine pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis by intranasal immunization with a detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate vaccine. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human mucosal pathogen. this study investigated the effect of intranasal immunization with a detoxified-lipooligosaccharide-cross-reactive mutant of diphtheria toxin (dlos-crm) vaccine candidate on pulmonary clearance following an aerosol challenge of mice with m. catarrhalis. intranasal immunization with dlos-crm plus cholera toxin induced a significantly dose-dependent increase of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg in the nasal wash, lung lavage fluid, saliva, ... | 2002 | 12379673 |
| the haemophilus ducreyi serum resistance antigen dsra confers attachment to human keratinocytes. | haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid. h. ducreyi serum resistance protein a (dsra) is a member of a family of multifunctional outer membrane proteins that are involved in resistance to killing by human serum complement. the members of this family include yada of yersinia species, the uspa proteins of moraxella catarrhalis, and the eib proteins of escherichia coli. the role of yada, uspa1, and uspa2h as eukaryotic cell adhesins and ... | 2002 | 12379693 |
| regulated expression of the escherichia coli lepb gene as a tool for cellular testing of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit signal peptidase i in vitro. | escherichia coli under-expressing lepb was utilized to test cellular inhibition of signal peptidase i (spase). for the construction of a lepb regulatable strain, the e. coli lepb gene was cloned into pbad, with expression dependent on l-arabinose. the chromosomal copy of lepb was replaced with a kanamycin resistance gene, which was subsequently removed. spase production by the lepb regulatable strain in the presence of various concentrations of l-arabinose was monitored by western blot analysis. ... | 2002 | 12384363 |
| in vitro activities of faropenem against 579 strains of anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of faropenem, a new oral penem, was tested against 579 strains of anaerobic bacteria by using the nccls-approved reference method. drugs tested included amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, clindamycin, faropenem, imipenem, and metronidazole. of the 176 strains of bacteroides fragilis group isolates tested, two isolates had faropenem mics of 64 micro g/ml and imipenem mics of >32 micro g/ml. faropenem had an mic of 16 micro g/ml for an additional isolate of b. fragilis; this strain w ... | 2002 | 12384389 |
| the italian epidemiological survey 1997-1999. antimicrobial susceptibility data of haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in italy. | the italian epidemiological survey began a surveillance study with the aim of monitoring the antimicrobial resistance of respiratory pathogens. from 1997 to 1999, 2028 strains of haemophilus influenzae and 523 strains of haemophilus parainfluenzae were collected from 59 clinical microbiology laboratories distributed throughout italy. in 1998, the study was extended to include moraxella catarrhalis and a total of 360 isolates were collected. there was a significant increase in the beta-lactamase ... | 2002 | 12385682 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against recent community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens isolated in france: a national survey. | between february and june 2000, 2345 consecutive strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 2088 adult patients suffering from community-acquired respiratory tract infections, in 97 hospital laboratories. of the 1037 s. pneumoniae isolates, 48.3% were intermediately or highly penicillin resistant. for invasive isolates, the mic90s of penicillin g, amoxycillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, eryt ... | 2002 | 12385697 |