Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| attachment factors of bordetella pertussis: mimicry of eukaryotic cell recognition molecules. | bacteria localize to specific target organs during infection by recognizing eukaryotic cell surface addresses. this address system exists to facilitate normal trafficking of host cells such as leukocytes. the mechanisms by which bacteria subvert host targeting codes provide a unique link between microbial pathogenesis and eukaryotic cell trafficking, and can point to a new array of antibodies and peptides of potential therapeutic value. | 1993 | 8143138 |
| use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for epidemiological study of bordetella pertussis in a whooping cough outbreak. | we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of chromosomal dna digested with xbai to determine the distribution of different bordetella pertussis strains from clinical isolates obtained during a large whooping cough outbreak that occurred in alberta, canada, from december 1989 to may 1991. our initial study analyzed 28 clinical isolates, 14 from the city of edmonton and 1 from each of 14 northern alberta towns. these clinical isolates were randomly chosen over the course of the 18-month outb ... | 1994 | 8150949 |
| characterization and subcellular distribution of g-proteins in highly purified skeletal muscle fractions from rabbit and frog. | the presence of g-proteins in highly purified fractions from frog and rabbit skeletal muscles was analyzed by bordetella pertussis toxin-catalyzed adp-ribosylation and by immunoblots. two b. pertussis toxin substrates were present in transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum from frog and rabbit skeletal muscle. immunoblot analysis suggested that the two b. pertussis toxin substrates present in rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum are possibly alpha i2 and alpha i3, but the corresponding substrates ... | 1994 | 8161224 |
| mutational analysis of the bordetella pertussis fim/fha gene cluster: identification of a gene with sequence similarities to haemolysin accessory genes involved in export of fha. | the chromosome of bordetella pertussis harbours a region of 27 contiguous kb, which contains the bvg, fha and fim genes, involved in the co-ordinate regulation of virulence genes, fha production and fimbriae production, respectively. the linkage of fha and fimbrial genes has resulted in some confusion concerning the existence and location of genes required for the production of fha and the function of the fimbrial genes fimb-d, which were proposed to be involved in both fha and fimbriae biosynth ... | 1994 | 8170396 |
| safety, immunogenicity and an open, retrospective study of efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine in infants. | one hundred forty-five infants were vaccinated with 25 micrograms of pertussis toxoid (nichd-ptxd) at 3, 5 and 7 or at 3, 5 and 12 months of age. one month after the third vaccination all had high serum igg and neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin) against pertussis toxin. vaccination at 3, 5 and 12 months resulted in higher antibody titers than vaccination at 3, 5 and 7 months. sera obtained from 109 children at 3 years of age showed a decline of antibodies, but all had detectable antibodies. adv ... | 1994 | 8170728 |
| nitric oxide mediates bordetella pertussis tracheal cytotoxin damage to the respiratory epithelium. | 1993 | 8173789 | |
| responses to bordetella pertussis mutant strains and to vaccination in the coughing rat model of pertussis. | phase i strains 18-323, tohama and l-84 of bordetella pertussis produced paroxysmal coughing when encased in agarose beads and administered intrabronchially to adult sprague-dawley rats. in contrast, the phase iv variant of strain l-84 was inactive in cough induction, as was strain bp 357, a transposon-insertion mutant which is deficient only in pertussis toxin (pt). strain bpm 1809, which lacks only the heat-labile toxin, was similar to the unmodified phase i strains for cough induction, indica ... | 1994 | 8176718 |
| a new assay for the invasive adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis based on its morphological effects on the fibronectin-stimulated spreading of bhk21 cells. | when baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells are allowed to spread on fibronectin-coated substrata in the absence of serum and the presence of agents which elevate intracellular 3':5'-cyclic amp (camp) levels they adopt an abnormal, stellated morphology. to determine whether the invasive adenylate cyclase (ac) toxin of bordetella pertussis induced the same response, cell extracts were prepared from several b. pertussis strains. they were characterized for ac toxin production by enzymic assay and by immu ... | 1994 | 8180689 |
| characterization of the gene encoding superoxide dismutase of bordetella pertussis and construction of a sod-deficient mutant. | the bordetella pertussis gene sodb, encoding superoxide dismutase (sod), was cloned by complementation of an escherichia coli sodasodb double mutant. the nucleotide sequence of sodb predicted a 21-kda protein with homology to manganese- and iron-containing sods from other organisms. examination of sod activity on gels suggests that b. pertussis extracts have a single sod containing fe3+ as a prosthetic group. a sod-deficient mutant was obtained by insertional inactivation of sodb in b. pertussis ... | 1994 | 8181762 |
| [properties of an acellular preparation of bordetella pertussis and its analysis after centrifugation in saccharose gradient]. | acellular preparations were studied which were obtained by a method of acidic extraction from culture of strain tohama of bordetella pertussis. obtained preparations em i and em ii were exhibiting property of leukocytosis stimulation and were respectively of following values: 43.5 and 19 u lpf/mg of protein. they also caused hemagglutination (150 and 19 u ha/mg of protein). both preparations were exhibiting protective effect in intracerebral test performed on mice. after differentiation of em i ... | 1993 | 8189799 |
| expression of p.69/pertactin from bordetella pertussis in a baculovirus/insect cell expression system: protective properties of the recombinant protein. | the surface antigen p.69/pertactin of bordetella pertussis has been expressed using the polyhedron promoter of baculovirus in cultured insect cells. either full-length or truncated prn dna was used to express p.69 pertactin. the full-length gene gave rise to low levels of p.93 precursor protein, some of which was processed to p.69. the shortened prn expressed p.69 pertactin directly at levels up to 3.5 mg per litre. p.69 vaccinated animals were protected against aerosol challenge with virulent b ... | 1993 | 8190994 |
| identification of bordetella pertussis infection by shared-primer pcr. | a shared-primer pcr method for the detection of infection was developed by using primers derived from dna sequences upstream of the structural genes for the porin proteins of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis. this method resulted in a 159-bp pcr product specific for b. pertussis and a 121-bp dna fragment specific for b. parapertussis and allowed for the simultaneous detection of these pathogens. the pcr procedure was shown to be very specific since no pcr product was obtained fr ... | 1994 | 8195394 |
| anti-tumour activity of low-toxicity lipopolysaccharide of bordetella pertussis. | a lipopolysaccharide (bp-lps) isolated from killed bordetella pertussis (tohama strain) was determined to have low toxicity based on the mortality and decrease in body weight of bp-lps-injected mice. bp-lps, administered intradermally or intraperitoneally, clearly inhibited the growth of an mm46 murine mammary carcinoma. when compared with a toxic escherichia coli-derived lps, bp-lps displayed excellent anti-tumour activity against mh134 hepatoma and meth a fibrosarcoma. as part of a combined ch ... | 1994 | 8198967 |
| comparative study of a whole-cell pertussis vaccine and a recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine. the italian multicenter group for the study of recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine. | the safety and immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis vaccine containing the genetically detoxified pertussis toxin pt-9k/129g, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin, together with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, were compared with those of a whole-cell pertussis component-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. four hundred eighty infants were enrolled into this prospective, multicenter, double-blind study. each infant was randomly given three doses of one of the two vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months of ... | 1994 | 8201477 |
| the 1993 epidemic of pertussis in cincinnati. resurgence of disease in a highly immunized population of children. | in 1993 there was a resurgence of pertussis in the united states. altogether, 6335 cases were reported, the most in 26 years. | 1994 | 8202096 |
| gtp-binding proteins associated with the human placental syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane. | the nature of gtp-binding components associated with isolated human term placental syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membrane vesicles (spmv) was determined; these are relevant to elucidation of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. four proteins were identified, with molecular weights of 29, 27, 23 and 21 kda, which specifically bound [alpha-32p]gtp in the presence of mg2+. studies employing anti-p21c-ras monoclonal antibodies indicated these four gtp-binding components were ras-r ... | 1994 | 8208666 |
| release of lipopolysaccharide during bordetella pertussis growth. | the effect of the addition of (2,6-o-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (me beta cd) during growth of bordetella pertussis in synthetic stainer-scholte liquid medium (ss) on lipopolysaccharide (lps; endotoxin) release was investigated. the me beta cd concentration used (3 mg/ml) was chosen according to the optimal level found in previous studies to enhance major soluble antigen production. the profiles in sds-page (sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of lps extracted from cells ... | 1993 | 8210677 |
| increase of the bursal follicular medullary compartment in chicks intracloacally inoculated with bordetella pertussis. | the cloacal bursa is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the maturation of b-lymphocytes. it has been suggested that the bursa may also play a peripheral role when antigens are inoculated by cloacal route. qualitative and quantitative structural modifications in the bursa from chicks inoculated with bordetella pertussis by the cloacal route were investigated. observations indicated that the relative bursal growth as well as the volume fraction and the mitotic index of the follicular medulla ... | 1993 | 8211947 |
| interleukin-1 (il-1) production in a mouse tissue chamber model of inflammation. i. development and initial characterisation of the model. | a simple and reliable animal model to quantify interleukin-1 (il-1) production at a site of inflammation has been developed and characterised. this model involves the subcutaneous implantation of sterile teflon chambers (30 mm x 10 mm diameter) into the backs of mice. after 14 days, a straw coloured transudate fluid was present in the lumen of the implanted chamber which was withdrawn for the determination of baseline measurements of various inflammatory parameters. a localised chronic inflammat ... | 1993 | 8213351 |
| interleukin-1 (il-1) production in a mouse tissue chamber model of inflammation. ii. identification of (tissue) macrophages as the il-1 producing cells and the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs. | we have used our newly described mouse tissue chamber model [1], to investigate the process of il-1 production in more detail. the inflammatory reaction in the tissue surrounding the implanted chambers was investigated histologically and by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the inflammatory response included influx of leucocytes into the granuloma surrounding the tissue chamber, expression of il-1 beta on macrophages present in the inflamed tissue and an increase in the mrna coding for ... | 1993 | 8213352 |
| imaging of reconstituted biological channels at molecular resolution by atomic force microscopy. | using atomic force microscopy (afm), we obtained high-resolution surface images of the bacterial outer membrane channels escherichia coli ompf porin and bordetella pertussis porin that were reconstituted in artificial bilayer membranes as two-dimensional crystalline arrays. these porins were chosen because they are among the most extensively studied proteins of this type and are known for their well-defined crystalline nature in the native membrane. such reconstituted membrane proteins are ideal ... | 1993 | 8214041 |
| assay of pertussis vaccine reactivity factors by measurement of the paw swelling response, endotoxin and histamine-sensitizing factor. | bordetella pertussis is composed of a series of active components: (1) a heat-labile or dermonecrotic toxin (hlt); (2) a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (lps); (3) pertussis toxin; (4) filamentous hemagglutinin (fha); (5) agglutinogens; (6) outer membrane proteins; (7) adenylate cyclase; and (8) tracheal cytotoxin. pertussis toxin (pt), also called lymphocytosis-promoting factor (lpf), encompasses a series of biological activities including: (1) histamine-sensitization (hsf); (2) leukocytosis-promo ... | 1993 | 8217117 |
| severe pulmonary hypertension associated with shock and death in infants infected with bordetella pertussis. | 1993 | 8222700 | |
| structural flexibility of the calmodulin-binding locus in bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. reconstitution of catalytically active species from fragments or inactive forms of the enzyme. | the catalytic domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase, a calmodulin-activated enzyme with toxic properties, is a modular construct cleaved by trypsin into two subdomains of 224 (t25) and 175 (t18) amino acids. the calmodulin-binding locus of the bacterial enzyme consists of approximately 70 amino acids and overlaps the c-terminus of t25 and the n-terminus of t18. this region, exposed to the solvent or proteases, also exhibits an unusual high flexibility and allows, as demonstrated in th ... | 1993 | 8223601 |
| western blot analysis of antibody responses of young infants to pertussis infection. | western blot and agglutination techniques were used to analyze the antibody responses to bordetella pertussis in 27 infants less than six month of age with presumed pertussis infection. the antibody response to the bordetella pertussis adhesions filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin and agglutinogens, and to the bordetella pertussis toxins pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase-hemolysin were compared. infection induced intense antibody responses to filamentous hemagglutinin, pertussis toxin and a ... | 1993 | 8223658 |
| the filamentous haemagglutinin, a multifaceted adhesion produced by virulent bordetella spp. | filamentous haemagglutinin (fha) is the major attachment factor produced by virulent bordetella spp. similar to the other virulence factors, its production is tightly regulated by a two-component system in response to environmental changes. although of impressive size (c. 220 kda), it is very efficiently released into the culture supernatant of bordetella pertussis. its biogenesis involves complex processing of a larger precursor with a calculated molecular mass of 370 kda. export of fha into th ... | 1993 | 8231801 |
| [bordetella pertussis: current aspects and future prospects in public health]. | 1993 | 8238816 | |
| inhibition of acute, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by the synthetic immunomodulator linomide. | linomide (ls-2616, quinoline-3-carboxamide) is a synthetic immunomodulator that stimulates natural killer cell activity and activates several lymphocytic subpopulations in experimental animals and humans. in this study we determined the effect of oral treatment with linomide on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model for immune-mediated human demyelinating disorders. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced in sjl/j mice and in an outbred strain ... | 1993 | 8239559 |
| genetic relatedness of bordetella species as determined by macrorestriction digests resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | the genetic relatedness of the three medically important bordetella species was examined by macrorestriction digestion of dna with the rarely cutting enzyme xbai and resolution by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. our data showed that bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella bronchiseptica produced species-specific macrorestriction profiles and that there was some variation between different isolates of the same species. conserved bands at 130 and 155 kb occurred with b. pe ... | 1993 | 8240949 |
| evaluation of pooled and individual components of bordetella pertussis as antigens in an enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of pertussis. | six different antigen preparations for use in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) to detect igm, iga and igg antibodies to bordetella pertussis were evaluated using sera from 13 randomly selected culture-positive patients and from 87 patients with suspected pertussis during a pertussis outbreak. based on results in 80 healthy control sera a specificity limit of 99.9% was selected. sera from all culture-positive patients reacted with at least one of the antigens. the sensitivity of the eia using the indi ... | 1993 | 8243485 |
| very late antigen-5 and complement receptor type 3 cooperatively mediate the interaction between bordetella pertussis and human monocytes. | nonopsonized bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, can attach to and become ingested by human monocytes. it has been reported that complement receptor type 3 (cr3) on human monocyte-derived macrophages binds filamentous hemagglutinin expressed on b. pertussis. in the present study, the role of very late antigen-5 (vla-5) in the attachment of b. pertussis to adherent human monocytes was investigated. it was found that soluble fibronectin and soluble mab against vla-5 marked ... | 1993 | 8245466 |
| molecular characterization of human antibodies to bacterial antigens: utilization of the less frequently expressed vh2 and vh6 heavy chain variable region gene families. | structural analysis of the human immunoglobulin repertoire holds promise for determining the basis of variable region gene usage in response to a variety of auto and exogenous antigens. here we report the nucleotide sequences of the heavy and light chain variable regions expressed by three human monoclonal antibodies specific for two clinically relevant bacterial pathogens, bordetella pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b. the cell lines were derived by in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes ... | 1993 | 8247031 |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction, culture, and western immunoblot serology for diagnosis of bordetella pertussis infection. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the pertussis toxin promoter region was used to detect bordetella pertussis infection in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from 24 infants and children infected with pertussis and 13 adult contacts during an epidemiological study. the sensitivity of this pcr assay was approximately one bacterium, and the assay was specific for b. pertussis in tests with other bordetella species and other respiratory pathogens. the pertussis case definition requir ... | 1993 | 8253976 |
| identification of a domain in bordetella pertussis adenylyl cyclase important for subunit interactions and cell invasion activity. | bordetella pertussis produces a calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase that invades animal cells and raises intracellular camp levels. the enzyme does not enter animal cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, but the mechanism for invasion of animal cells has not been defined. we have proposed that the 177 kda adenylyl cyclase is proteolyzed to a 45 kda catalytic subunit and one or more polypeptides (invasive factor) that facilitate entry of the catalytic subunit into animal cells. in this study, ... | 1993 | 8255208 |
| antigenic analysis of the saccharide moiety of the lipooligosaccharide of bordetella pertussis. | 1993 | 8256198 | |
| depression of liver metabolism and induction of cytokine release by diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccines: role of bordetella pertussis cells in toxicity. | a 24-h pretreatment of mice with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccines depressed liver cytochrome p-450 and therefore prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. the depression of liver drug metabolism by a cellular vaccine containing a mutated pertussis toxin was less marked than that induced by the wild-type vaccines, indicating that the mutated vaccine might have lower toxicity in this regard. the wild-type vaccines decreased microsomal p-450 levels by 50% ... | 1994 | 8262641 |
| production and release of tumor necrosis factor alfa, interleukin-1b and interleukin-6 by human mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with pertussis toxin. | pertussis toxin (pt) has been previously shown to affect a wide variety of immune responses and to cause lymphocyte proliferation. in this study, we examined the effect of pt on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes with the regard to the capability of this toxin to stimulate the production and release of various cytokines. pt was found to induce the production and release of tumor necrosis factor alfa (tnf-alfa) and interleukin-6 (il-6) by both human lymphocytes and monocyte ... | 1993 | 8264421 |
| identification of bordetella avium using the polymerase chain reaction. | a dna fragment from bordetella pertussis, encoding the fim2 fimbrial subunit gene with adjacent sequences, was used as a probe for the detection of homologous sequences in chromosomal dna of bordetella avium. a 1.8 kb sa1i-psti fragment from the genome of b. avium, which hybridized with the probe, was isolated and sequenced. no fimbrial subunit gene was located on the b. avium dna fragment. two regions could be distinguished in the sequence of the fragment. region 1, which was 80% identical to t ... | 1993 | 8271920 |
| structural and physico-chemical characteristics of bordetella pertussis adenylate kinase, a tryptophan-containing enzyme. | the adk gene from the gram-negative pathogen bordetella pertussis was cloned by complementing the thermosensitive escherichia coli adk strain cr341t28. b. pertussis adenylate kinase is a 218-amino-acid protein that has high similarity with adenylate kinase from escherichia coli and hemophilus influenzae (57%). a distinct characteristic of enzyme from b. pertussis, not found in other bacterial adenylate kinases, is the presence of a tryptophan residue at position 185. although distant from the ca ... | 1993 | 8281944 |
| crystallographic characterization of pertactin, a membrane-associated protein from bordetella pertussis. | pertactin, a membrane-associated protein of bordetella pertussis, has been crystallized in the presence of 28% ammonium sulphate. the space group is p6(3)22 with cell dimensions a = b = 178.2 a and c = 106.8 a. the crystals diffract to 3.3 a using a rotating anode source and are suitable for an x-ray structure determination. assuming one molecule in the asymmetric unit, 70% of the cell is occupied by solvent. | 1994 | 8289296 |
| characterization of outbreak and vaccine strains of bordetella pertussis--quebec. | 1993 | 8298581 | |
| effect of tracheal cytotoxin from bordetella pertussis on human neutrophil function in vitro. | the infiltration of neutrophils which phagocytose and kill microorganisms is an important defense mechanism against infections of the airways. bordetella pertussis is a human respiratory pathogen which colonizes ciliated epithelium, causing whooping cough. we have investigated the effects of the peptidoglycan fragment tracheal cytotoxin (tct) of b. pertussis on human neutrophil function in vitro. tct (10(-6) to 10(-8) m) was toxic for human neutrophils, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase relea ... | 1994 | 8300220 |
| analysis of protective and nonprotective monoclonal antibodies specific for bordetella pertussis lipooligosaccharide. | in this study, it has been determined that immunoglobulin g1 (igg1) and igg3 monoclonal antibodies directed to the lipooligosaccharide a of bordetella pertussis were able to protect mice from fatal aerosol infection. no correlation was found between the bactericidal activity in vitro in the presence of complement and the protection in mice, since a bactericidal igg3 did not elicit protection. in addition, no significant difference in protective capacity was observed with bactericidal and nonbact ... | 1994 | 8300232 |
| autophosphorylation and phosphotransfer in the bordetella pertussis bvgas signal transduction cascade. | expression of adhesins, toxins, and other virulence factors of bordetella pertussis is under control of the bvga and bvgs proteins, members of a bacterial two-component signal transduction family. bvga bears sequence similarity to regulator components, whereas bvgs shows similarity to both sensor and regulator components. bvga and the cytoplasmic portion of bvgs ('bvgs) were overexpressed and purified. 'bvgs autophosphorylated with the gamma-phosphate from [gamma-32p]atp and phosphorylated bvga. ... | 1994 | 8302847 |
| trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-binding proteins (tcgbp): protection induced by native proteins in an experimental model and analysis of the antibody response. | three trypanosoma cruzi glutathione-binding proteins (tcgbp) of 45, 30 and 25 kda presenting glutathione s transferase activity were characterized from t. cruzi epimastigotes. we show here that immunization of mice using tcgbp and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) did not protect the animals against a challenge with bloodstream trypomastigotes. in contrast, immunization of mice using tcgbp in association with bordetella pertussis plus alum (bpai) resulted in greatly diminished parasitaemia and si ... | 1993 | 8303073 |
| the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning in isolated rat heart involves a pertussis toxin sensitive mechanism. | the aims were to examine the effect of pretreatment with bordetella pertussis toxin on the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning in order to determine the possible involvement of inhibitory g proteins in this phenomenon; and (2) to characterise the model used by varying the duration of a single preconditioning occlusion of the left coronary artery, the reperfusion time, and the duration of the subsequent prolonged coronary artery occlusion. | 1993 | 8324804 |
| pertussis toxin export requires accessory genes located downstream from the pertussis toxin operon. | pertussis toxin, a major virulence factor of bordetella pertussis, is an oligomeric protein composed of five different subunits that are exported individually to the periplasmic space by the signal peptide-dependent pathway. after assembly, the protein is exported from the periplasm to the extracellular compartment. we show that pertussis toxin secretion across the outer membrane requires the gene product of at least one gene (ptlc) that is located downstream from the pertussis toxin operon. the ... | 1993 | 8326857 |
| enhancement of histamine-induced vascular leakage by pertussis toxin in sjl/j mice but not balb/c mice. | pertussis toxin (ptx) from bordetella pertussis is known to enhance inflammatory responses which involve histamine and serotonin, including cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. in this study we examined the effects of ptx on histamine-modulated microvascular responses. the actions of histamine on arteriole diameter and post-capillary leaky site formation in the cremaster muscle were measured intra-vitally in two inbred strains of mice (viz. balb/c and slj). in sjl mice the rate ... | 1993 | 8331165 |
| interleukin-1 is linked to the respiratory epithelial cytopathology of pertussis. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, releases a muramyl peptide known as tracheal cytotoxin (tct) that is responsible for destruction of ciliated epithelial cells lining the large airways. in vitro, tct has been shown to cause this specific pathology in human or hamster respiratory epithelium and to inhibit the proliferation of cultured hamster trachea epithelial cells. the diverse biological actions of muramyl peptides, including adjuvanticity, somnogenicity, and pyrogen ... | 1993 | 8335342 |
| effective immunization against bordetella pertussis respiratory infection in mice is dependent on induction of cell-mediated immunity. | a murine respiratory challenge model was used to examine the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses and their role in protection against bordetella pertussis following immunization or previous infection. spleen cells from mice convalescing from a b. pertussis infection exhibited extensive in vitro t-cell proliferation and secreted high levels of interleukin-2 (il-2) and gamma interferon but not il-4 or il-5, a cytokine profile typical of cd4+ th1 cells. serum from these mice had low ... | 1993 | 8335349 |
| clinical and laboratory diagnosis of pertussis in the regions of a large vaccine efficacy trial in germany. | as a support service for a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial, a central diagnostic laboratory was established. physicians in the geographic areas of the planned study were encouraged to send nasopharyngeal specimens from children and household contacts with cough illnesses whether or not the illnesses were typical of pertussis. from april, 1991, to february, 1992, 3629 specimens were received and in 601 instances (16.6%) bordetella pertussis was isolated. only 3.3% of patients with positive cultu ... | 1993 | 8345982 |
| differential regulation of bordetella pertussis virulence factors. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, regulates its virulence factors coordinately according to environmental parameters such as temperature and certain chemicals. a regulatory locus has been characterized which is essential for this regulation. this bvg locus codes for a two-component regulatory system composed of the sensor protein bvgs and the transcriptional activator protein bvga. it has been shown that the bvga and bvgs proteins are sufficient for the transcriptional ... | 1993 | 8347925 |
| bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase: a toxin with multiple talents. | the adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis is a secreted multifunctional protein, endowed with calmodulin-activated catalytic, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities. residues and domains involved in different functions have been localized and several permissive sites, able to accommodate insertion of peptides without impairing the different functions of the toxin, have been identified. a 400-bp region in the promoter upstream region of the cyaa gene, encoding the toxin, has been defined a ... | 1993 | 8347936 |
| major outbreak of pertussis in northern alberta, canada: analysis of discrepant direct fluorescent-antibody and culture results by using polymerase chain reaction methodology. | a major outbreak of 5,683 cases of pertussis occurred in northern alberta, canada, from december 1989 to january 1991. the outbreak highlighted a number of problems with current methods of pertussis diagnosis. in particular, an exceptionally high proportion of direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa)-positive, culture-negative specimens (88.4%) was identified. we took this opportunity to use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methodology to examine whether the low culture rates were due to specimens conta ... | 1993 | 8349747 |
| protection of mice against respiratory bordetella pertussis infection by intranasal immunization with p.69 and fha. | intranasal immunization of adult female balb/c mice with the bordetella pertussis antigens fha or p.69, greatly enhanced their ability to clear b. pertussis from their lungs following aerosol challenge compared with ovalbumin-immunized controls. low numbers of lymphocytes secreting antibodies (igg, iga and igm) against the immunizing antigens could be isolated from the lungs of immunized mice. following aerosol challenge with b. pertussis there was a large increase in the numbers of fha or p.69- ... | 1993 | 8356847 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect bordetella pertussis in patients with mild or atypical symptoms of infection. | nasopharyngeal aspirates and nasopharyngeal swabs from 177 children exhibiting mild to severe clinical symptoms of whooping cough were tested by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and culture for the presence of bordetella pertussis. in the pcr analysis amplifications of samples prepared with and without dna extraction were compared. in 26% of samples prepared without dna extraction, the pcr was found to be inhibited, whereas no inhibition was detected after dna extraction. twelve percent (21/1 ... | 1993 | 8359168 |
| cyac-mediated activation is important not only for toxic but also for protective activities of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. | bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (ac-hly), encoded by the cyaa gene, belongs to the rtx family of toxins with extensive glycine-rich repeats in the carboxy-terminal portion. ac-hly possesses both adenylate cyclase toxic and hemolytic activities that depend on a posttranslational modification mediated by the product of the cyac gene. an improved system for ac-hly synthesis and activation in escherichia coli was developed. the results show that with purified ac-hly (i) increased ex ... | 1993 | 8359880 |
| polymerase chain reaction assay for pertussis: simultaneous detection and discrimination of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay which allows the simultaneous detection and discrimination of the two causative agents of pertussis, bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, was developed. primer pairs were based on insertion sequence elements is481 and is1001. is481 is specific for b. pertussis and is present in about 80 copies per cell, while is1001 is specific for b. parapertussis and is found in 20 copies per cell. an internal control was included in the pcr assay to monito ... | 1993 | 8370741 |
| lung infections in children. | airway infections in children is a considerably broad topic. this discussion focuses on several common nonbacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae. in addition, the occurrence of two important bacterial causes of lower respiratory illness (bordetella pertussis and mycobacterium tuberculosis) is increasing. this review focuses on current information on the prophylaxis, treatment, and d ... | 1993 | 8374645 |
| ligand specificity of purified complement receptor type three (cd11b/cd18, alpha m beta 2, mac-1). indirect effects of an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence. | we have purified cr3 to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on c3bi-sepharose and elution with edta. c3bi-coated erythrocytes bound to this purified cr3, and binding was dependent on the concentration of both c3bi and cr3, as well as on temperature and the presence of divalent cations. moreover, binding could be blocked by mab against cr3 or c3bi and could be enhanced by the addition of integrin modulating factor-1. we used the purified cr3 to test whether several putative ligands of cr3 dire ... | 1993 | 8376780 |
| isolation and characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica mutants deficient in siderophore activity. | iron acquisition by the gram-negative pathogens bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis is thought to occur by hydroxamate siderophore-mediated transport as well as an apparently siderophore-independent process by which host transferrins bind to bacterial surface receptors. we constructed b. bronchiseptica mutants deficient in siderophore activity by insertional mutagenesis with minitn5/lacz1. the mutants could be placed into four distinct complementation groups, as determined from cr ... | 1993 | 8381782 |
| characterization of adenylate cyclase toxin from a mutant of bordetella pertussis defective in the activator gene, cyac. | bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (ac) toxin has the abilities to 1) enter target cells where it catalyzes cyclic amp production and 2) lyse sheep erythrocytes, and these abilities require post-translational modification by the product of an accessory gene cyac (barry, e. m., weiss, a. a., ehrmann, e. e., gray, m. c., hewlett, e. l., and goodwin, m. st. m. (1991) j. bacteriol. 173, 720-726). in the present study, ac toxin has been purified from an organism with a mutation in cyac, bpde386, ... | 1993 | 8385122 |
| shapes of cells spreading on fibronectin: measurement of the stellation of bhk21 cells induced by raising cyclic amp, and of its reversal by serum and lysophosphatidic acid. | in common with many other animal cells in culture, bhk21, cho and nih-3t3 cells adopt bizarre stellate or arborized shapes when exposed, in the absence of serum, to agents which increase cytoplasmic cyclic amp (camp). dibutyryl camp, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, cholera toxin and the invasive adenylate cyclase from bordetella pertussis all induce similar shapes. time lapse video recording of bhk21 cells spreading on fibronectin shows that stellate shapes are gene ... | 1993 | 8389376 |
| the adenylate cyclase toxin contributes to the survival of bordetella pertussis within human macrophages. | the adenylate cyclase toxin (act) of bordetella pertussis has been shown to penetrate eucaryotic cells and produce a rapid elevation in intracellular camp which leads to altered cell function. recent studies have demonstrated an intracellular state for the bacteria within professional and non-professional phagocytes. a virulent strain was compared to two act defective strains to determine if this toxin contributes to intracellular survival within human macrophages. when challenged by 10(6) macro ... | 1993 | 8392135 |
| dna topology affects transcriptional regulation of the pertussis toxin gene of bordetella pertussis in escherichia coli and in vitro. | the bvg locus of bordetella pertussis encodes an environmentally inducible operon essential for the expression of virulence genes. we show that in escherichia coli, the ptox promoter cloned in cis of the bvg locus is activated and environmentally regulated. cotransformation of e. coli with the bvg locus cloned in a low-copy-number plasmid and with the ptox promoter cloned in a high-copy-number plasmid can give rise to two different results. if the ptox promoter is cloned in the pgem-3 vector, tr ... | 1993 | 8393006 |
| [persistent cough caused by bordetella pertussis. study of 6 cases]. | pertussis is currently an infrequent illness in spain, since dtp vaccine was introduced. immunity acquired after immunization is, nevertheless, lower than immunity acquired after the clinical disease, and decreases steadily. after the adolescence, serum levels of antibodies against b. pertussis may not be enough, leading to atypical infections in other wise immunized patients. | 1993 | 8399476 |
| structural features involved in the mitogenic activity of bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharides for spleen cells of c3h/hej mice. | spleen cells from the c3h/hej mouse strain cannot be stimulated by many smooth-type lipopolysaccharides (lpss), and by the main biologically-active region (lipid a) of these molecules. the genetic origin of this defect (expression of the mutant allele lpsd at the chromosome 4 locus) was established over 20 years ago, but its biochemical nature has remained undefined. several investigators have noted, however, that some particular lpss can bypass this defect, and stimulate the proliferation of c3 ... | 1993 | 8401423 |
| [nucleotide sequence and properties of an inverted repeating element of a bordetella pertussis chromosome]. | the repeated sequence from bordetella pertussis chromosome was cloned using the method described by ohtsubo. the sequences of the characterized b. pertussis chromosome are homologous to the previously described sequences and analogous in the structure to the already known is elements. the parental recombinant plasmids containing the rs were unstable and segregated to the plasmids of different structure. the segregants' structure is characterized in this paper. it is shown in our study that the r ... | 1993 | 8405971 |
| bordetella pertussis induces apoptosis in macrophages: role of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has been shown recently to enter and survive in epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro. in the present study, we show that b. pertussis is cytotoxic for j774a.1 cells, a monocyte-macrophage cell line, and for murine alveolar macrophages. we demonstrate that cell cytotoxicity mediated by b. pertussis occurred through apoptosis, as shown by changes in nuclear morphology and by host cell dna fragmentation. parental strains and a mutant ... | 1993 | 8406793 |
| pertussis toxin-induced alterations of murine hepatic drug metabolism following administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed. | administration of pertussis toxin (pt) in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed (dt vaccine) or with acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (apdt) elicits dose- and time-dependent alterations in hepatic drug metabolism in mice. cytochrome p-450 (p-450) levels were inhibited more than 50% at 7 days following a single injection of pt mixed with either vaccine. when combined with dt vaccine, 125 ng of pt was required to produce this effect, while ... | 1993 | 8406812 |
| a phase variant of bordetella pertussis with a mutation in a new locus involved in the regulation of pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin expression. | a novel nonhemolytic phase variant of bordetella pertussis was characterized. this strain is strongly impaired in the transcription of the pertussis and adenylate cyclase toxins, whereas other known virulence-related factors such as the filamentous hemagglutinin, the fimbriae, and the outer membrane protein pertactin are expressed and regulated normally. complementation and allelic exchange experiments demonstrated that the mutation is localized neither in the bvg locus involved in virulence reg ... | 1993 | 8407844 |
| virulence of a bordetella pertussis strain expressing a mutant adenylyl cyclase with decreased calmodulin affinity. | bordetella pertussis, the pathogen responsible for whooping cough, produces a toxic calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase which enters animal cells and increases intracellular camp. a point mutant of b. pertussis with abolished adenylyl cyclase catalytic activity was over 1000-fold less pathogenic to newborn mice than wild-type bacteria, demonstrating the importance of the adenylyl cyclase for b. pertussis virulence (gross et al.). the b. pertussis adenylyl cyclase is highly sensitive to calmodu ... | 1993 | 8412621 |
| orientation of porin channels in the outer membrane of bordetella pertussis. | we have examined the surface topography and channel connectivity of a naturally crystalline porin that is known to be functional, and whose structure has not been perturbed by detergent extraction. a three-dimensional density map, calculated from two independent tilt series of negatively stained cell envelopes, reveals three separate channels per trimer on one side (the 'smooth' side), and a single common opening at the other ('rough') side. this arrangement is consistent with the molecular stru ... | 1993 | 8412696 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine does not depress serologic responses to diphtheria, tetanus or pertussis antigens when coadministered in the same syringe with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at two, four and six months of age. | the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine against haemophilus influenzae type b consisting of purified polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated to tetanus toxoid (prp-t) were evaluated in 277 chilean infants who were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: group a, prp-t mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp) vaccine in a single syringe and given as a single inoculation in one arm and placebo in the other arm; group b, prp-t given in one arm and dtp in the other arm; group c, ... | 1993 | 8414775 |
| adhesion of bordetella pertussis to eukaryotic cells requires a time-dependent export and maturation of filamentous hemagglutinin. | bordetella pertussis, the human pathogen of whooping cough, when grown at 22 degrees c is nonvirulent and unable to bind eukaryotic cells. in response to a temperature shift to 37 degrees c, the bacterium acquires the ability to bind eukaryotic cells in a time-dependent fashion. by studying in vitro the temperature-induced transition, from the nonvirulent to the virulent state, we found that binding to cho cells is mediated by the arg-gly-asp-containing domain of filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), ... | 1993 | 8415678 |
| rapid immunodot technique for identifying bordetella pertussis. | we developed and evaluated a rapid test with monoclonal antibodies to identify cultures of bordetella pertussis. samples of 5 microliters of cells suspended in formalin-saline were dried onto a nitrocellulose disk. the disk was placed in a filtration device, and 5-microliters volumes of murine monoclonal antibody directed against b. pertussis lipooligosaccharide and peroxidase conjugate were added consecutively, with washing after each addition. the disk was removed and immersed in peroxidase su ... | 1993 | 8417027 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal aspirates with swabs for culture of bordetella pertussis. | nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 117 children by aspiration from one nostril and by swab from the other one and cultured for bordetella pertussis. among 33 culture-positive specimens, there were 30 positive aspirates and 26 positive swab specimens. aspirates are easily divided and saved for investigations with other assays which may further improve diagnostic sensitivity. as the aspiration technique was also preferred by nurses and parents, it was recommended and chosen for a planned p ... | 1993 | 8417032 |
| repressor binding to a regulatory site in the dna coding sequence is sufficient to confer transcriptional regulation of the vir-repressed genes (vrg genes) in bordetella pertussis. | five tnphoa fusions to vir-repressed genes (vrg genes) have been identified in the respiratory pathogen bordetella pertussis. a comparison of vrg dna sequences suggests a consensus dna element within the coding regions of four of five vrg genes. to determine the role of this dna sequence in vrg regulation, a nucleotide substitution mutation in the conserved region of vrg-6 was isolated. this mutant showed constitutively high levels of expression in the absence of antigenic modulators, mgso4 and ... | 1993 | 8419298 |
| cooperative phenomena in binding and activation of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase by calmodulin. | the catalytic domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase located within the first 400 amino acids of the protein can be cleaved by trypsin in two subdomains (t25 and t18) corresponding to atp-(t25) and calmodulin (cam)-(t18) binding sites. reassociation of subdomains by cam is a cooperative process, which is a unique case among cam-activated enzymes. to understand better the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we used several approaches such as partial deletions of the adenylate cyclase ge ... | 1993 | 8420945 |
| characterization of a synthetic calmodulin-binding peptide derived from bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase. | a 34-amino acid peptide corresponding to residues 532-565 of bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase (p532-565), a calmodulin (cam)-activated enzyme, was synthesized by solid phase method. although not homologous to any known cam binding sequence, p532-565 exhibits molecular features characteristic of this class of peptides: a higher proportion of basic and hydrophobic residues, segregated onto the two faces of the alpha-helical structure. fluorescence measurements and gel retardation analysis show ... | 1993 | 8420946 |
| efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in young infants. | a prospective study of a pertussis outbreak in a residential facility was done. among 19 residents aged < or = 2 years, 10 children were unimmunized and 9 were immunized with acellular pertussis vaccines. of the 10 unimmunized children, 7 acquired laboratory-confirmed pertussis (four-fold titer rise, positive culture, or both); of these, 6 developed typical symptoms. eight of the 9 immunized children acquired laboratory-confirmed infections, and 1 of these developed typical symptoms. no differen ... | 1993 | 8421187 |
| cell-mediated immunity to bordetella pertussis: role of th1 cells in bacterial clearance in a murine respiratory infection model. | a murine respiratory infection model was used to study the mechanism of protective immunity to bordetella pertussis. we found that nude mice, which are deficient in t cells, developed a persistent infection and failed to clear the bacteria after aerosol inoculation. in contrast, normal adult nonimmune mice cleared a respiratory infection approximately 35 days after challenge. before bacterial clearance, antipertussis antibody levels in serum were low or undetectable, whereas consistent antigen-s ... | 1993 | 8423070 |
| bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis: two immunologically distinct species. | bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis are closely related species. both are responsible for outbreaks of whooping cough in humans and produce similar virulence factors, with the exception of pertussis toxin, specific to b. pertussis. current pertussis whole-cell vaccine will soon be replaced by acellular vaccines containing major adhesins (filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin) and major toxin (pertussis toxin). all of these factors are antigens that stimulate a protective immune r ... | 1993 | 8423077 |
| antibody responses in the serum and respiratory tract of mice following oral vaccination with liposomes coated with filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxoid. | mice were orally vaccinated with liposomes coated with filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and detoxified pertussis toxin (pt) of bordetella pertussis. fha- and pt-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) was detected in serum, and both igg and iga were detected in lung washes following the immunization. antibody responses in mice immunized with liposomes coated with fha and pt were significantly higher than those in mice immunized with free fha and pt, which demonstrated the adjuvanticity of the liposome ca ... | 1993 | 8423087 |
| neisseria meningitidis produces iron-regulated proteins related to the rtx family of exoproteins. | a monoclonal antibody (a4.85) which reacted with fe-regulated proteins of neisseria meningitidis, was used to isolate a lambda gt11 clone from n. meningitidis fam20. chromosomal fragments flanking the fragment expressing the a4.85 epitope were cloned, and their dna sequences revealed a 3,345-bp open reading frame predicting a 122-kda protein. this gene was named frpa (fe-regulated protein). a computer similarity search of genbank revealed high levels of similarity to members of the rtx family of ... | 1993 | 8423153 |
| identification of bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs by pcr amplification of a region of the adenylate cyclase gene. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify a 522-bp region of the adenylate cyclase toxin (cyaa) gene of bordetella pertussis. as few as 100 cfu from a suspension of b. pertussis could be detected by this procedure when the amplified pcr product was detected by ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels. however, simulated clinical specimens, prepared from swabs impregnated with known numbers of b. pertussis cells, only yielded a positive reaction with > or = 10(4) cfu. hybridisation ... | 1993 | 8429539 |
| pertussis is rare in human immunodeficiency virus disease. | many adults are susceptible to pertussis, and bordetella pertussis has been isolated from five patients with hiv disease. the prevalence of b. pertussis in 60 hiv-infected adults with nasopharyngeal (np) swab cultures were studied and questionnaires were used that assessed hiv-related risk behaviors and disease status, immunization history, and symptoms of respiratory disease. although 72% had cough and 33% had cough for > 14 days, no nasopharyngeal (np) swab cultures were positive for bordetell ... | 1993 | 8430967 |
| characterization of environmental regulators of bordetella pertussis. | bordetella pertussis suppresses transcription of its virulence genes in response to specific environmental conditions, a response called modulation. the organism responds to high concentrations of so4 and cio4 ions, nicotinic acid, and nicotinic acid analogs in vitro; however, the in vivo modulator has not been identified. we investigated which chemical structures of the nicotinic acid molecule are important for modulation by testing various analogs for their ability to modulate. the ring nitrog ... | 1993 | 8432601 |
| inhibition of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin-mediated cell adherence with monoclonal antibodies. | filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), a 220-kda protein located on the surface of bordetella pertussis, is one of the major cell adhesins of this bacterium. we have produced three hybridoma cell lines that express monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against fha: x3c, x3e and x4b. the anti-fha mabs x3c and x3e reacted with 220-kda and 98-kda fha protein bands on western blots. the mab x4b, which reacted with fha in elisa, did not bind to fha in a western blot assay. all three mabs seemed to be directed to th ... | 1993 | 8440465 |
| interferon-gamma levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice infected with bordetella pertussis. | the adherence of bordetella pertussis to respiratory cilia and its survival in neutrophils and macrophages is crucial to the pathogenesis of whooping cough. to investigate the role of endogenous interferon (ifn)-gamma in acute infection, levels of ifn-gamma in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid of mice infected intranasally with b. pertussis were determined. since pertussis toxin is released during infection by b. pertussis either locally or systemically, serum levels of ifn-gamma in mice inject ... | 1993 | 8440945 |
| nucleotides mobilize intracellular calcium stores of renal proximal cells in primary culture: existence of a suramin-sensitive mechanism. | changes of intracellular calcium concentrations [ca2+]i were measured in primary cultured rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (pct). a dual-excitation, digital-imaging inverted microscope was used to monitor the fura-2 fluorescence. the basal calcium level was 106 +/- 11 nm (n = 36). the stimulatory effects of adenosine triphosphate (atp), adenosine diphosphate (adp) and adenosine were studied. atp and adp induced transient increases of [ca2+]i (1059 +/- 115% of the resting level (n = 29), and 65 ... | 1993 | 8452882 |
| long-lived respiratory immune response to filamentous hemagglutinin following bordetella pertussis infection. | systemic and mucosal b-cell-mediated immune responses to purified filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) in mice were analyzed at different times following a single respiratory infection with bordetella pertussis. serum immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-fha and respiratory igg and iga anti-fha antibodies were first detected at 3 weeks postinfection, reached high levels by 8 weeks postinfection, and remained at high levels 12 to 32 weeks postinfection. fha-specific b lymphocytes isolated from the spleens or l ... | 1993 | 8454349 |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction with culture and enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of pertussis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay amplifying a segment of a repeated gene element of bordetella pertussis was compared with culture and enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the diagnosis of pertussis. the pcr assay was specific for b. pertussis in tests with a panel of other bacteria and with an extensive collection of specimen material from healthy persons and children with respiratory infections other than pertussis. the pcr assay was used in the analysis of 117 nasopharyngeal swabs collected fr ... | 1993 | 8458957 |
| bordetella pertussis tracheal cytotoxin and other muramyl peptides: distinct structure-activity relationships for respiratory epithelial cytopathology. | tracheal cytotoxin (tct) is a disaccharide-tetrapeptide released by bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough). we have previously determined the structure of tct to be glcnac-1,6-anhydro-murnac-l-ala-gamma-d-glu-meso-a2pm-d-ala, where murnac = n-acetylmuramic acid and a2pm = diaminopimelic acid. purified tct reproduces the respiratory cytopathology observed during pertussis, including ciliostasis and extrusion of ciliated cells. we have tested structural analogs of ... | 1993 | 8460147 |
| uveitis and retinal vasculitis in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the lewis rat: an ultrastructural study. | the histopathological features of uveitis and retinal vasculitis in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) were investigated using light and electron microscopy. lewis rats were immunized by spinal cord homogenate, complete freund's adjuvant and bordetella pertussis. the eyes of rats with eae exhibited vasculitis in the iris, trabeculitis and endothelial abnormalities in the retinal vessels; vasculitis was observed in the optic nerve and brain. endothelial cells in the vessels in th ... | 1993 | 8462650 |
| high-molecular-weight proteins of nontypable haemophilus influenzae mediate attachment to human epithelial cells. | nontypable haemophilus influenzae are gram-negative bacilli that represent a common cause of human disease. these organisms initiate infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. despite the essential role of colonization, the bacterial determinants of this process remain poorly defined. we recently identified a family of surface-exposed high-molecular-weight proteins of nontypable h. influenzae that are related to filamentous hemagglutinin, a critical adherence factor of bordetella pertu ... | 1993 | 8464902 |
| molecular characterization of an operon required for pertussis toxin secretion. | mutants of bordetella pertussis which are defective in secretion of pertussis toxin were isolated and characterized. the region of the b. pertussis chromosome identified by mutagenesis as playing a role in transport of pertussis toxin was sequenced. analysis of this region revealed eight open reading frames, seven of which predict a protein exhibiting homology with one of the virb proteins of agrobacterium tumefaciens, which are involved in the transport of the t-dna molecule across bacterial an ... | 1993 | 8464913 |
| functional analysis of the cya promoter of bordetella pertussis. | the cyaa gene of bordetella pertussis and of bordetella bronchiseptica encodes a toxin which is a bifunctional protein exhibiting adenylate cyclase and haemolytic activities. in bordetella, virulence factors are synthesized under the control of the bvg regulatory locus, in response to environmental signals. in escherichia coli the cyaa gene is not expressed, nor is it activated by bvg indicating that the activation of cya by bvg is indirect. to characterize cis-acting regulatory regions required ... | 1993 | 8469114 |
| serological correlates in whooping cough. | antibody concentrations to three bordetella pertussis antigens in 94 predisease samples from women who, within a median of 220 days, developed culture-confirmed whooping cough were compared to antibodies in samples from matched controls. the median igg antibody levels were significantly lower to all three antigens, pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, in the predisease samples of cases as compared to non-cases (p values ranging from 0.0001 to 0.01). a significant d ... | 1993 | 8470429 |
| proliferative responses to purified and fractionated bordetella pertussis antigens in mice immunized with whole-cell pertussis vaccine. | the specificity of the cell-mediated immune response to bordetella pertussis following immunization of c57b1 mice with a whole-cell pertussis vaccine was assessed in a proliferation assay. a proliferative response of lymph node lymphocytes to the filamentous haemagglutinin, the 69 kda outer membrane protein and the agglutinogens 2 and 3 was demonstrated. the proliferative cells were t cells of the cd4+ phenotype. in addition, several as yet uncharacterized antigens expressed by b. pertussis were ... | 1993 | 8470432 |