Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| enhanced aeromonas salmonicida bacterin uptake and side effects caused by low frequency sonophoresis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) has been recognized as one of the most advanced technologies in transdermal delivery of substances, due to the modification of the stratum corneum lipid bilayer, in focal skin applications in mammals. based on these findings, lfs has been suggested as a potential technology to be used for enhancement in immersion fish vaccination. in contrast to mammals where lfs is applied to discrete regions of the skin, in fish the whole individual needs to be exposed for prac ... | 2014 | 24378683 |
| expression profile of ribosomal protein l10a throughout gonadal development in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | ribosomal protein l10a (rpl10a) has been previously established as a stimulator during the early stages of ovarian development in both the banana prawn and the fruit fly. in order to develop a greater understanding of the role of this protein in vertebrates, the present study aimed to characterize the expression profile of rpl10a during gonadal development in fish. it was determined that the expression of rpl10a within genital ridges increased during embryonic development. although rpl10a expres ... | 2014 | 24385218 |
| [prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of glycoprotein from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus]. | in order to detect infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with immunological methods, the surface glycoprotein of a recent ihnv-sn isolated from farmed rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss ) in china was amplified and cloned into pet27b(+) vector (designated as pet27b-g ). the expression of recombinant plasmid pet27b-g in e. coli bl21(de3) was induced and determined by sds-page analysis. the predicted molecular weight of glycoprotein protein was approximately 55 kd and was confirmed in this stud ... | 2013 | 24386842 |
| association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class iiβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with t cells. mhc class ii molecules are heterodimers consisting of α and β chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water ba ... | 2015 | 24397583 |
| the effects of benzo[a]pyrene on leucocyte distribution and antibody response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are a group of compounds with immunotoxic and carcinogenic potential that may pose a threat to fish populations. this study aims to utilize a newly developed fish immunotoxicology model to determine the immune tissue/cell population level effects of pahs on rainbow trout, using benzo[a]pyrene (bap) as a representative immunotoxic pah. intraperitoneal injection of 25 or 100mg/kg bap resulted in sustained exposure as indicated by biliary fluorescence at bap ... | 2014 | 24398112 |
| salmonid alphavirus replication in mosquito cells: towards a novel vaccine production system. | salmonid alphavirus (sav) causes pancreas disease and sleeping disease in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and confers a major burden to the aquaculture industry. a commercial inactivated whole virus vaccine propagated in a salmon cell line at low temperature provides effective protection against sav infections. alphaviruses (family togaviridae) are generally transmitted between vertebrate hosts via blood-sucking arthropod vectors, typically mosquitoes. sav i ... | 2014 | 24418177 |
| inhibition of β-n-acetylglucosaminidase by acetamide affects sperm motility and fertilization success of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and siberian sturgeon (acipenser baerii). | β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (β-nagase) is an enzyme found in the sperm acrosome of numerous animal species including fish. fish spermatozoa differ in their morphology including acrosome or acrosomeless aquasperm in chondrostean (e.g., sturgeon) and teleostean (e.g., rainbow trout). it has been shown that β-nagase exists with high activity in both eggs and sperm of these species. the present study shows the potency of β-nagase in fertilization. in rainbow trout, increase in sperm motility parameter ... | 2014 | 24433780 |
| staphylococcus warneri, a resident skin commensal of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with pathobiont characteristics. | commensal microorganisms live in association with the mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates. the skin of teleost fish is known to harbor commensals. in this study we report for the first time the presence of an intracellular gram positive bacteria, staphylococcus warneri that resides in the skin epidermis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). s. warneri was isolated from healthy hatchery trout skin epithelial cells. in situ hybridization confirmed the intracellular nature of the bacterium. skin ... | 2014 | 24438987 |
| sequencing and characterization of the anadromous steelhead (oncorhynchus mykiss) transcriptome. | identifying the traits that differ between hatchery and wild fish may allow for pragmatic changes to hatchery practice. to meet those ends, we sequenced, assembled, and characterized the anadromous steelhead (oncorhynchus mykiss) transcriptome. using the illumina sequencing platform, we sequenced nearly 41million 76-mer reads representing 3.1 gbp of steelhead transcriptome. upon final assembly, this sequence data yielded 86,402 transcript scaffolds, of which, 66,530 (77%) displayed homology to p ... | 2014 | 24440488 |
| effect of montanide™ ims 1312 vg adjuvant on efficacy of yersinia ruckeri vaccine in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the efficacy of immersion vaccination yersinia ruckeri bacterin containing montanide™ ims 1312 vg was evaluated in 100-120 g rainbow trout against yersiniosis. healthy fish were vaccinated by immersion vaccination with inactivated whole cells (1 × 10(8) cells/ml) of a virulent strain of y. ruckeri biotype i with and without montanide (1:1; montanide/antigen) for 2 min at 12-14 °c. control group was immersed in sterile pbs. leukocyte counts, serum lysozyme assay, alternative hemolytic complement ... | 2014 | 24444826 |
| a species comparison of 17-α-ethynylestradiol uptake and tissue-specific distribution in six teleost fish. | differences exist among fish species in their sensitivity to endocrine disruptors such as 17-α-ethynylestradiol (ee2). we examined whether there were corresponding differences in ee2 uptake rates and short-term internal distribution patterns. six freshwater species: japanese ricefish (medaka, oryzias latipes), goldfish (carassius auratus), zebrafish (danio rerio), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), atlantic killifish (fundulus heteroclitus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed ... | 2014 | 24473066 |
| infection of sea lamprey with an unusual strain of aeromonas salmonicida. | the invasion of the laurentian great lakes by the fish-parasitic sea lamprey has led to catastrophic consequences, including the potential introduction of fish pathogens. aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterial fish pathogen that causes devastating losses worldwide. currently, there are five accepted subspecies of aeromonas salmonicida: a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, masoucida, smithia, achromogenes, and pectinolytica. we discuss the discovery of an isolate of a. salmonicida that is pathogenic ... | 2014 | 24484501 |
| grouping facilitates avoidance of parasites by fish. | parasite distribution is often highly heterogeneous, and intensity of infection depends, among other things, on how well hosts can avoid areas with a high concentration of parasites. we studied the role of fish behaviour in avoiding microhabitats with a high infection risk using oncorhynchus mykiss and cercariae of diplostomum pseudospathaceum as a model. spatial distribution of parasites in experimental tanks was highly heterogeneous. we hypothesized that fish in groups are better at recognizin ... | 2013 | 24499549 |
| a new potassium ion current induced by stimulation of m2 cholinoreceptors in fish atrial myocytes. | a novel potassium ion current induced by muscarinic stimulation (ikach2) is characterized in atrial cardiomyocytes of teleost fishes (crucian carp, carassius carassius; rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. the current is elicited in atrial, but not ventricular, cells by application of carbamylcholine (cch) in moderate to high concentrations (10(-7)-10(-4) mol l(-1)). it can be distinguished from the classic ikach, activated by the βγ-subunit of th ... | 2014 | 24526726 |
| evaluation of the immune response in rainbow trout fry, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), after waterborne exposure to flavobacterium psychrophilum and/or hydrogen peroxide. | the immune response in rainbow trout fry against flavobacterium psychrophilum was elucidated using an immersion-based challenge with or without prior exposure to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). samples were taken from the head kidney 4, 48, 125 and 192 h after immersion, and the regulation of several genes was examined. bacterial load was assessed based on the presence of 16s rrna and correlated with gene expression, and the levels of specific antibodies in the blood were measured 50 days post-infecti ... | 2015 | 24547972 |
| phenotypical and genotypical characterization of shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish. | between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in poland. in most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. the disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. most of the problems concerned cultured common carp cyprinus carpio l. and rainb ... | 2015 | 24552171 |
| the effects of dietary immunogen on innate immune response, immune related genes expression and disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | this study investigates the effects of prebiotic immunogen on lysozyme, tnfα and hsp70 gene expression in head kidney, humoral innate immune parameters and resistant to aeromonas hydrophila of rainbow trout. 120 healthy rainbow trout (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were distributed in six fiberglass tanks assigned to two groups fed control or diet supplemented with 2 g kg(-1) immunogen for 45 days. the results revealed that administration of immunogen significantly (p < 0.05) up regulated lysozyme and tnfα gen ... | 2014 | 24560683 |
| food pellets as an effective delivery method for a dna vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | a dna vaccine based on the vp2 gene of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) was incorporated into feed to evaluate the effectiveness of this oral delivery method in rainbow trout. lyophilized alginate-plasmid complexes were added to feed dissolved in water and the mixture was then lyophilized again. we compared rainbow trout that were fed for 3 consecutive days with vaccine pellets with fish that received the empty plasmid or a commercial pellet. vp2 gene expression could be detected in t ... | 2014 | 24561129 |
| 3d visualization of the initial yersinia ruckeri infection route in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by optical projection tomography. | despite the fact that enteric redmouth disease (erm) in farmed rainbow trout is one of the most devastating disease problems, little is known about the initial route of infection and pathogenicity of the aetiological agent, yersinia ruckeri. in order to determine the initially infected organs, optical projection tomography (opt), a novel three-dimensional (3d) bio-imaging technique, was applied. opt not only enables the visualization of y. ruckeri on mucosal surfaces but also the 3d spatial dist ... | 2014 | 24586953 |
| estimating the prevalence of renibacterium salmoninarum-infected salmonid production sites. | 2015 | 24602096 | |
| short-term evaluation of visible implant alpha tags in juveniles of three fish species under laboratory conditions. | visible implant alpha (vi alpha) tag-induced changes in mortality and condition, as well as tag retention and readability, were examined during a 4-week period for juveniles of three fish species: tiger muskellunge esox masquinongy × esox lucius (91 ± 7 mm total length, l(t), mean ± s.d.), snake river cutthroat trout oncorhynchus clarki behnkei (84 ± 8 mm) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (85 ± 5 mm). mortality and condition did not differ between tagged fish and control fish for any specie ... | 2014 | 24689672 |
| establishment and characterization of a rainbow trout heart endothelial cell line with susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). | in the current work, we have established and characterized a novel cell line from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the cell line, designated as rth (rainbow trout heart), was obtained by immortalizing heart cells with recombinant retroviruses that transduced polyoma middle t antigen. this is the first time such a strategy is used to obtain an immortalized fish cell line. the cells showed an endothelial-like morphology and characteristics, constitutively transcribing collagen, selectin and vc ... | 2014 | 24698994 |
| morphometric evaluation of interrenal gland and kidney macrophages aggregates in normal healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and after bacterial challenge with yersinia ruckeri. | macrophage aggregates (ma) occur in various organs of fish as discrete aggregations of pigmented macrophages. the study presented herein investigates the quantitative modifications from normal anatomical condition, of interrenal gland (ig) and kidney ma in six treatment groups of adult rainbow trout submitted to either specific or aspecific immune stimulation and subsequently challenged with yersinia ruckeri. routinely stained tissue sections from both ig and kidney were analysed. the percentage ... | 2014 | 24719776 |
| the proximal promoter of a novel interleukin-8-encoding gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is strongly induced by cebpa, but not nf-κb p65. | interleukin-8 (il8) is an immediate-early chemokine that has been well characterized in several fish species. ten il8 gene variants have already been described in rainbow trout, but none of their promoters has structurally been defined or functionally characterized in teleost fish. to uncover key factors regulating il8 expression, we intended to functionally characterize an il8 promoter from rainbow trout. incidentally, we isolated a novel il8 gene variant (il8-g). it is structurally highly simi ... | 2014 | 24721762 |
| anti-oxidative defences are modulated differentially in three freshwater teleosts in response to ammonia-induced oxidative stress. | oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (hea) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed to 1 mm ammonia (as nh4hco3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, ... | 2014 | 24740135 |
| mercury and selenium concentrations in muscle tissue of different species of predatory freshwater fish and correlation between these elements. | concentrations of total mercury and selenium were determined in 49 and 42 muscle tissue samples, respectively, of six species of predatory freshwater fish, dace (leuciscus leuciscus), pike perch (sander lucioperca), pike (esox lucius), european catfish (silurus glanis), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and asp (aspius aspius). muscle selenium concentration did not correlate with the corresponding total mercury concentration (r² < 0.198) in all examined predatory fish species. there was an inv ... | 2012 | 24779785 |
| chronic sensitivity of white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc in laboratory water-only exposures. | chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, lead, or zinc to white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated in water-only exposures started with newly hatched larvae or approximately 1-mo-old juveniles. the 20% effect concentration (ec20) for cadmium from the sturgeon tests was higher than the ec20 from the trout tests, whereas the ec20 for copper, lead, or zinc for the sturgeon were lower than those ec20s for the trout. when the ec20s from the present st ... | 2014 | 24862826 |
| developmental oestrogen exposure differentially modulates igf-i and tnf-α expression levels in immune organs of yersinia ruckeri-challenged young adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | intensified aquaculture has strong impact on fish health by stress and infectious diseases and has stimulated the interest in the orchestration of cytokines and growth factors, particularly their influence by environmental factors, however, only scarce data are available on the gh/igf-system, central physiological system for development and tissue shaping. most recently, the capability of the host to cope with tissue damage has been postulated as critical for survival. thus, the present study as ... | 2014 | 24874061 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of phytoestrogens on protein turnover in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) white muscle. | soybeans and other legumes investigated as fishmeal replacements in aquafeeds contain phytoestrogens capable of binding to and activating estrogen receptors. estradiol has catabolic effects in salmonid white muscle, partially through increases in protein turnover. the current study determines whether phytoestrogens promote similar effects. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) primary myocyte cultures, the phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and r- and s-equol reduced rates of protei ... | 2014 | 24874080 |
| investigation of the link between broodstock infection, vertical transmission, and prevalence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in eggs and progeny of rainbow trout and coho salmon. | the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), flavobacterium psychrophilum, can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. outbreaks of bcwd can result in significant losses in salmonid aquaculture. reduction of outbreaks in fry may be possible through implementation of a management strategy in which progeny of heavily infected broodstock are culled from the general population. diagnostic assays to quantify f. psychrophilum concentrations in tissue samples and confirm presen ... | 2014 | 24895859 |
| susceptibility of koi and yellow perch to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by experimental exposure. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a novirhabdoviral pathogen that originated in western north america among anadromous pacific salmonids. severe disease epidemics in the late 1970s resulting from ihnv's invasion into farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in north america, asia, and europe emphasized ihnv's ability to adapt to new hosts under varying rearing conditions. yellow perch perca flavescens and koi carp cyprinus carpio (hereafter, "koi") are aquaculture-reared fish tha ... | 2014 | 24895860 |
| transient transfection of cho cells using linear polyethylenimine is a simple and effective means of producing rainbow trout recombinant ifn-γ protein. | a practical method was developed for the transient transfection of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells with 25 kda linear polyethylenimine (pei) then optimal culture conditions determined for the production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ifn-γ recombinant protein. we found that culture temperature had a significant impact upon recombinant protein yield, with best results being obtained at 32 °c. however the amount of serum added to the culture medium had no effect upon recombinant ifn-γ (r ... | 2015 | 24897997 |
| increased ventilation by fish leads to a higher risk of parasitism. | fish are common intermediate hosts of trematode cercariae and their gills can potentially serve as important sites of penetration by these larval stages. we experimentally tested the hypothesis that volume of ventilation flow across the gills contributes to acquisition of these parasites by fish. we manipulated the intensity of ventilation by using different oxygen concentrations. | 2014 | 24954703 |
| immunohistochemical localization of inflammatory cells and cell cycle proteins in the gills of loma salmonae infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | microsporidial gill diseases particularly those caused by loma salmonae incur significant economic losses to the salmonid aquaculture industry. the gill responses to infection include the formation of xenomas and the acute hyperplastic inflammatory responses once the xenomas rupture releasing infective spores. the aim of this work was to characterize the inflammatory responses of the gill to both the presence of the xenomas as well as the hyperplasia associated with l. salmonae infection in the ... | 2014 | 24979224 |
| four cish paralogues are present in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: differential expression and modulation during immune responses and development. | suppressor of cytokine signalling (socs) family members are crucial in the control and attenuation of cytokine induced responses via activation of the jak/stat, tlr and nf-kb signalling pathways. socs proteins orchestrate the termination of many types of immune responses and are often the targets of microbial pathogens exploiting socs mechanisms to evade the host's immune response. through whole and lineage specific genome duplication events, the teleost cytokine/socs network is complex. not onl ... | 2014 | 25014904 |
| gill remodeling in three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia. | the present study aimed to determine whether gill macro- and microstructure show compensatory responses in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (hea). the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were used as test species and were exposed for 0 h (control), 3h, 12h, 24h, 48 h, 84 h and ... | 2014 | 25033244 |
| acute sensitivity of white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to copper, cadmium, or zinc in water-only laboratory exposures. | the acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc to white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined for 7 developmental life stages in flow-through water-only exposures. metal toxicity varied by species and by life stage. rainbow trout were more sensitive to cadmium than white sturgeon across all life stages, with median effect concentrations (hardness-normalized ec50s) ranging from 1.47 µg cd/l to 2.62 µg cd/l with sensitivity remaining consistent ... | 2014 | 25043712 |
| attempts at validating a recombinant flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility protein n as a vaccine candidate in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) against bacterial cold-water disease. | the flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility n (gldn) protein was investigated to determine its ability to elicit antibody responses and provide protective immunity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). gldn was pcr-amplified, cloned into pet102/d-topo, and expressed in escherichia coli. bacteria expressing recombinant gldn (rgldn) were formalin-inactivated and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into rainbow trout with freund's complete adjuvant (fca) in four separate studies that ... | 2014 | 25053267 |
| salmonids have an extraordinary complex type i ifn system: characterization of the ifn locus in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss reveals two novel ifn subgroups. | fish type i ifns are classified into two groups with two (group i) or four (group ii) cysteines in the mature peptide and can be further divided into four subgroups, termed ifn-a, -b, -c, and -d. salmonids possess all four subgroups, whereas other teleost species have one or more but not all groups. in this study, we have discovered two further subgroups (ifn-e and -f) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and analyzed the expression of all six subgroups in rainbow trout and brown trout salmo tru ... | 2014 | 25080482 |
| a putative serine protease, spssp1, from saprolegnia parasitica is recognised by sera of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | saprolegniosis, the disease caused by saprolegnia sp., results in considerable economic losses in aquaculture. current control methods are inadequate, as they are either largely ineffective or present environmental and fish health concerns. vaccination of fish presents an attractive alternative to these control methods. therefore we set out to identify suitable antigens that could help generate a fish vaccine against saprolegnia parasitica. unexpectedly, antibodies against s. parasitica were fou ... | 2014 | 25088077 |
| effect of dietary bovine lactoferrin on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fecundity and larval quality. | 2013 | 25141604 | |
| diet type dictates the gut microbiota and the immune response against yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | this study investigated the influence of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) commensal intestinal microbiota in connection to an experimental yersina ruckeri infection, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease. one marine and one plant diet was administered to two different groups of rainbow trout. the plant-based diet gave rise to an intestinal microbiota dominated by the genera streptococcus, leuconostoc and weissella from phylum firmicutes whereas phylum proteobacteria/bacteroidete ... | 2014 | 25150450 |
| purified deoxynivalenol or feed restriction reduces mortality in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with experimental bacterial coldwater disease but biologically relevant concentrations of deoxynivalenol do not impair the growth of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | diets containing deoxynivalenol (don) were fed to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) for 4 weeks followed by experimental infection (intraperitoneal) with flavobacterium psychrophilum (4.1 × 10(6) colony-forming units [cfu] ml(-1) ). mortality of rainbow trout fed either 6.4 mg kg(-1) don or trout pair-fed the control diet was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in comparison with trout fed the control diet to apparent satiation (<0.1 mg kg(-1) don). in a second experiment, trout were fed ... | 2015 | 25160820 |
| infectivity of piscirickettsia salmonis in immersion-bath exposed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) fry. | 2015 | 25168060 | |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of sewage sludge contaminated with zinc oxide nanoparticles. | the objective of this work was to evaluate the ecotoxicological qualitative risk associated with the use of sewage sludge containing zn oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) as soil amendment. a sludge-untreated soil and two sludge-treated soils were spiked with zno-nps (0-1,000 mg/kg soil). soil ecotoxicity was assessed with eisenia fetida (acute and sublethal end points), and the unfilterable and filterable (0.02 μm) soil leachates were tested with a battery of biomarkers using chlorella vulgaris, dap ... | 2014 | 25185842 |
| induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression by ipnv in persistent infection. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) is the agent of a well-characterized acute disease that produces a systemic infection and high mortality in farmed fish species but also persistent infection in surviving fish after outbreaks. because viral persistence of susceptible mammal hosts appears to be associated with the modulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, in this study we examined the expression levels of key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in kidney and spleen of trout, ... | 2014 | 25193394 |
| dietary fermentable fiber upregulated immune related genes expression, increased innate immune response and resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against aeromonas hydrophila. | this trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary administration of vitacel(®), a commercial fermentable fiber, on immune related genes (lysozyme, tnfα and hsp70) expression, innate immune response and resistance of rainbow trout against aeromonas hydrophila. 120 healthy rainbow trout (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were distributed in six fiberglass tanks assigned to two treatments. the treatments were feeding rainbow trout with diets supplemented with 0 (control) or 10 g kg(-1) vitacel(®) for ... | 2014 | 25218276 |
| differences in igy gut absorption in gastric rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and agastric common carp (cyprinus carpio) assessed in vivo and in vitro. | oral igy antibodies offer promising potential for passive immunization strategies. to evaluate barriers for successful igy plasma recovery after oral application in vivo, gastric rainbow trout and agastric common carp were comparatively assessed. a positive control that received a low dose of unspecific igy antibodies by intraperitoneal injection (0.0076 mg igy g bw(-1) d(-1); bw=body mass) was compared with an oral administration of 75 and 150 fold in rainbow trout (corresponding to 0.57 and 1. ... | 2015 | 25224559 |
| comparison of the susceptibility of four rainbow trout strains to cold-water disease. | abstract susceptibility to cold-water disease was compared among four strains of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: arlee strain from ennis national fish hatchery, montana (al-en), the arlee strain from jocko river hatchery, montana (al-jr), a cold-water disease-resistant strain (wv), and the harrison-hofer strain (hh). bacterial challenges were either by bath or intraperitoneal injection (50 μl of 0.65 optical density). each strain was exposed at 75 d after hatch to either the csf 259-93 (idaho ... | 2014 | 25229487 |
| histopathologic changes in disease-resistant-line and disease-susceptible-line juvenile rainbow trout experimentally infected with flavobacterium psychrophilum. | abstract a challenge to selectively breeding fish populations for improved disease resistance in aquaculture is an incomplete understanding of how artificial selection affects innate immunity at the host-pathogen level. the objective of this study was to determine whether rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss bred for differential susceptibility to bacterial cold-water disease exhibited altered tissue damage and cellular inflammatory response following experimental challenge with flavobacterium psyc ... | 2014 | 25229490 |
| complete genome sequence of flavobacterium psychrophilum strain csf259-93, used to select rainbow trout for increased genetic resistance against bacterial cold water disease. | the genome sequence of flavobacterium psychrophilum strain csf259-93, isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), consists of a single circular genome of 2,900,735 bp and 2,701 predicted open reading frames (orfs). strain csf259-93 has been used to select a line of rainbow trout with increased genetic resistance against bacterial cold water disease. | 2014 | 25237017 |
| development of a list of reference chemicals for evaluating alternative methods to in vivo fish bioaccumulation tests. | the aim to reduce the number of animals in experiments has highlighted the need to develop and validate nonanimal methods as alternatives to bioaccumulation studies using fish. the present study details a novel 3-tier approach to develop a list of reference compounds to aid this process. the approach was based on 1) the inclusion of relevant chemical classes supported by high-quality in vivo data for the bioconcentration factor (bcf), whole-body biotransformation rates (k(met)), and metabolism c ... | 2014 | 25244043 |
| biological plausibility as a tool to associate analytical data for micropollutants and effect potentials in wastewater, surface water, and sediments with effects in fishes. | discharge of substances like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and chelating agents in surface waters has increased over the last decades due to the rising numbers of chemicals used by humans and because many wwtps do not eliminate these substances entirely. the study, results of which are presented here, focused on associations of (1) concentrations of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents, surface waters, sediments, and tissues of fishes; (2) results of la ... | 2015 | 25260601 |
| microencapsulation of a putative probiotic enterobacter species, c6-6, to protect rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against bacterial coldwater disease. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), which has a major impact on salmonid aquaculture globally. an enterobacter species, c6-6, isolated from the gut of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), has been identified as a potential probiotic species providing protection against bcwd. this study examined the effects of alginate microencapsulation on the protective efficacy of c6-6 against bcwd in vivo when administered to rainbow trout fry or ... | 2016 | 25272249 |
| adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ... | 2015 | 25281580 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) elov15 and elov12 differ in selectivity for elongation of omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid. | the synthesis of the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lcpufa) eicosapentaenoic acid (epa; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha; 22:6n--3) from dietary α-linolenic acid (ala; 18:3n--3) requires three desaturation and three elongation steps in vertebrates. the elongation of epa to docosapentaenoic acid (dpa; 22:5n-3) can be catalysed by the elongase enzymes elov15 or elov12, but further elongation of dpa to 24:5n-3, the penultimate precursor of dha, is limited to elov12, at least ... | 2014 | 25311171 |
| assessment of the ecotoxicological risk of combined sewer overflows for an aquatic system using a coupled "substance and bioassay" approach. | very few tools are available for assessing the impact of combined sewer overflows (csos) on receiving aquatic environments. the main goal of the study was to assess the ecotoxicological risk of csos for a surface aquatic ecosystem using a coupled "substance and bioassay" approach. wastewater samples from the city of longueuil, canada cso were collected for various rainfall events during one summer season and analyzed for a large panel of substances (n = 116). four bioassays were also conducted o ... | 2015 | 25315929 |
| biochemical reference intervals and pathophysiological changes in flavobacterium psychrophilum-resistant and -susceptible rainbow trout lines. | host genetic resistance against disease-causing pathogens can be enhanced through family-based selective breeding. at present, there is an incomplete understanding of how artificial selection of fish alters host physiology and response following pathogen exposure. we previously reported the generation of selectively-bred rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss lines with either increased resistance (ars-fp-r) or susceptibility (ars-fp-s) to bacterial cold water disease (bcwd). this study (1) determine ... | 2014 | 25320036 |
| florfenicol residues in rainbow trout after oral dosing in recirculating and flow-through culture systems. | aquaflor is a feed premix for fish containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (ffc) incorporated at a ratio of 50% (w/w). to enhance the effectiveness of ffc for salmonids infected with certain isolates of flavobacterium psychrophilum causing cold water disease, the ffc dose must be increased from the standard 10 mg·kg⁻¹ body weight (bw)·d⁻¹ for 10 consecutive days. a residue depletion study was conducted to determine whether ffc residues remaining in the fillet tissue after t ... | 2014 | 25321636 |
| draft genome sequence of virulent strain austral-005 of piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of piscirickettsiosis. | we report here the draft genome sequence of a lethal pathogen of farmed salmonids, piscirickettsia salmonis strain austral-005. this virulent strain was isolated in 2008 from oncorhynchus mykiss farms, and multiple genes involved in pathogenicity, environmental adaptation, and metabolic pathways were identified. | 2014 | 25323708 |
| immunological characterization of the teleost adipose tissue and its modulation in response to viral infection and fat-content in the diet. | the immune response of the adipose tissue (at) has been neglected in most animal models until recently, when the observations made in human and mice linking obesity to chronic inflammation and diabetes highlighted an important immune component of this tissue. in the current study, we have immunologically characterized the at for the first time in teleosts. we have analyzed the capacity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) at to produce different immune mediators and we have identified the pres ... | 2014 | 25333488 |
| early immune responses in rainbow trout liver upon viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection. | among the essential metabolic functions of the liver, in mammals, a role as mediator of systemic and local innate immunity has also been reported. although the presence of an important leukocyte population in mammalian liver is well documented, the characterization of leukocyte populations in the teleost liver has been only scarcely addressed. in the current work, we have confirmed the presence of igm+, igd+, igt+, cd8α+, cd3+ cells, and cells expressing major histocompatibility complex (mhc-ii) ... | 2014 | 25338079 |
| association mapping of disease resistance traits in rainbow trout using restriction site associated dna sequencing. | recent advances in genotyping-by-sequencing have enabled genome-wide association studies in nonmodel species including those in aquaculture programs. as with other aquaculture species, rainbow trout and steelhead (oncorhynchus mykiss) are susceptible to disease and outbreaks can lead to significant losses. fish culturists have therefore been pursuing strategies to prevent losses to common pathogens such as flavobacterium psychrophilum (the etiological agent for bacterial cold water disease [cwd] ... | 2014 | 25354781 |
| comparison of plasma and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration. | the aim of the study was to investigate the serum and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1). concentrations of enrofloxacin in the serum of rainbow trout showed high variability with two peaks at the third and 24th hour after administration. the highest concentrations were found in the liver. the curves of liver levels showed s ... | 2015 | 25372241 |
| effect of dietary incorporation of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance and health status in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic containing bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus reuteri has been examined for its effects on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, non-specific immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout. three groups of sub-adult trout were stocked into experimental tanks. a commercial diet was used as control, while the other two groups received diets supplemented with the multi-strain probiot ... | 2015 | 25411048 |
| effects of recombinant flagellin b and its nd1 domain from vibrio anguillarum on macrophages from gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w.). | flagellin is the principal component of flagellum in gram negative and positive bacteria, and it is also the ligand that activates the toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in mammals and fish. in higher vertebrates, flagellin induces the activation of the membrane-bound tlr5 (tlr5m), which promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the co-stimulatory molecules present in antigen-presenting cells needed for the activation of t cells. in the present study, we report the product ... | 2015 | 25449380 |
| inhibition of fish pathogens by the microbiota from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and rearing environment. | this work reports the isolation and taxonomic identification of the cultivable total microbiota (tm) and lactic acid bacteria (lab) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) and rearing environment from selected stages of the life-cycle, and the evaluation of the lab antimicrobial activity against the main fish pathogens. tm and lab isolates were randomly selected and identified by 16s rrna and/or superoxide dismutase gene sequencing. although a great diversity in the tm was observed, en ... | 2015 | 25464142 |
| pro-inflammatory caspase-1 activation during the immune response in cells from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum 1792) challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. | in response to pathogens, the higher vertebrate innate immune system activates pro-inflammatory caspase-1 which is responsible for the processing and secretion of several important cytokines involved in the host's defence against infection. to date, caspase-1 has been described in few teleost fish, and its activity has been demonstrated through substrate cleavage and inhibition by pharmacological agents. in this study, the detection of the active form of caspase-1 during the immune response in s ... | 2015 | 25477241 |
| gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout. | challenge models generating gill lesions typical for columnaris disease were developed for the fry of both common carp cyprinus carpio and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss by means of an immersion challenge and flavobacterium columnare field isolates were characterized regarding virulence. carp inoculated with highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse, whitish discoloration of the gills affecting all arches, while in trout mostly unilateral focal lesions, which were restricted to the first two ... | 2015 | 25488182 |
| use of in vivo induced antigen technology to identify genes from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that are specifically expressed during infection of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida is a major fish pathogen associated with mass mortalities in salmonid fish. in the present study, we applied in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat), a technique that relies on antibodies adsorbed against in vitro cultures of the pathogen, to a clinical isolate of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | 2014 | 25495705 |
| kpna7 interacts with egg-specific nuclear factors in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | nuclear proteins are required for the initiation of transcription in early embryos before embryonic genome activation. the regulated transport of nuclear proteins is mediated by factors known as importins (karyopherins). kpna7, a newly discovered member of the importin α family, is critical for early development in mammals. in this study, we characterize rainbow trout kpna7. the cdna for rainbow trout kpna7 encodes a 519 amino acid protein that contains a conserved importin β binding (ibb) domai ... | 2014 | 25511304 |
| cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-6 gene. | interleukin-6 (il6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions. its expression is inducible in immune cells and tissues of several fish species. we also found that il6 mrna abundance was significantly increased in spleen, liver, and gill of rainbow trout after experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. genomic dna sequences of il6 orthologs from three salmonid species revealed a conserved exon/intron structure and a high overall nucleotide identity of >88%. to un ... | 2015 | 25549935 |
| evaluation of dual nasal delivery of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and enteric red mouth vaccines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | farmed fish are susceptible to different infectious disease agents including viruses and bacteria. thus, multivalent vaccines or vaccination programs against two or more pathogens are valuable tools in aquaculture. recently, nasal vaccines have been shown to be very effective in rainbow trout. the current study investigates, for the first time, the use of the nasal route in dual vaccination trials against two important aquatic diseases, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihn) and enteric r ... | 2015 | 25562788 |
| use of penicillin and streptomycin to reduce spread of bacterial coldwater disease ii: efficacy of using antibiotics in diluents and during water hardening. | bacterial coldwater disease, caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum, has lead to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. the bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid and can enter the egg during fertilization. the addition of antibiotics to diluents and water-hardening solutions could prevent the spread of the disease. in separate trials, a mixture of 0.197 mg/ml penicillin plus 0.313 mg/ml streptomycin was added to both a 0. ... | 2015 | 25581260 |
| use of penicillin and streptomycin to reduce spread of bacterial coldwater disease i: antibiotics in sperm extenders. | bacterial coldwater disease caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum has led to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. the bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid. methods for disinfecting ovarian fluid and unfertilized eggs are available, but methods for disinfecting sperm have not been described. in this study we determined whether sperm extenders containing a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin can be used to eliminate ... | 2015 | 25581335 |
| transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout in response to non-virion (nv) protein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). | the non-virion (nv) protein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), an economically important fish novirhabdovirus, has been implicated in the interference of some host innate mechanisms (i.e. apoptosis) in vitro. this work aimed to characterise the immune-related transcriptome changes in rainbow trout induced by nv protein that have not yet been established in vivo. for that purpose, immune-targeted microarrays were used to analyse the transcriptomes from head kidney and spleen of rainb ... | 2015 | 25592735 |
| derivation of water quality criteria of phenanthrene using interspecies correlation estimation models for aquatic life in china. | species sensitivity distribution (ssd) method has been widely used to derive water quality criteria (wqc). however, the toxicity data of some environmental pollutants are not easily accessible, especially for endangered and threatened species. thus, it would be very desirable and economical to predict the toxicity of those species not subjected to toxicity test with the aid of a mathematical model. the interspecies correlation estimation (ice) model (developed by the us environmental protection ... | 2015 | 25608455 |
| the adjuvant effect of low frequency ultrasound when applied with an inactivated aeromonas salmonicida vaccine to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | vaccine adjuvants are classified according to their properties of either inducing the persistence of antigens within the animal after immunisation and/or activation of the animal's immune response. the adjuvant effect of low intensity low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) was tested in rainbow trout using an aeromonas salmonicida bacterin vaccine administered by immersion vaccination using lfs at 37 khz. the adjuvant effect obtained with lfs was compared with that of normal immersion or intraperitone ... | 2015 | 25613719 |
| intestinal nematodes affect selenium bioaccumulation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and health parameters in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in environmental studies, parasites are often seen as a product of enhanced host susceptibility due to exposure to one or several stressors, whereas potential consequences of infections on host responses are often overlooked. therefore, the present study focused on effects of parasitism on bioaccumulation of selenium (se) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). joint effects of biological (parasite) and chemical (se) stressors on biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione-s-transferase (gst), s ... | 2015 | 25633167 |
| evaluation of enterococcus spp. from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), feed, and rearing environment against fish pathogens. | the use of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics constitutes an alternative strategy to the antibiotic treatment for disease control in aquaculture. enterococci are currently used as probiotics in human and animal health. in this study, we evaluated the safety of 64 enterococci isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), feed and rearing environment, and their antimicrobial activity against 9 fish pathogens. the 64 enterococcal isolates were identified to the speci ... | 2015 | 25671551 |
| systemic and mucosal immune response of rainbow trout to immunization with an attenuated flavobacterium psychrophilum vaccine strain by different routes. | teleosts possess three immunoglobulin (ig) heavy chain isotypes viz., igm, igt and igd and all three isotypes are reported in rainbow trout. the expression of these ig isotypes in response to different immunization routes was investigated and results provide a better understanding of the role these igs in different tissues. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with an attenuated flavobacterium psychrophilum strain, 259-93-b.17 grown under iron limiting conditions, by intraperitonea ... | 2015 | 25687393 |
| moatox: a comprehensive mode of action and acute aquatic toxicity database for predictive model development. | the mode of toxic action (moa) has been recognized as a key determinant of chemical toxicity and as an alternative to chemical class-based predictive toxicity modeling. however, the development of quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) and other models has been limited by the availability of comprehensive high quality moa and toxicity databases. the current study developed a dataset of moa assignments for 1213 chemicals that included a diversity of metals, pesticides, and other orga ... | 2015 | 25700118 |
| effects of transportation stress and addition of salt to transport water on the skin mucosal homeostasis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | transportation of live fish is a common practice among aquaculture facilities. many studies have previously reported how transport elicits physiological stress responses and increases disease susceptibility in farmed fish. the aim of this work is to investigate the changes that the skin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) experiences due to stress. since nacl is commonly added to transport water as a stress mitigator, the effects of salt addition on the skin mucosa and skin-associated bacteri ... | 2015 | 25705060 |
| rescue of fish exposed to a lethal dose of pathogen, by signals from sublethally exposed survivors. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) were challenged intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of vibrio anguillarum vib1 and allowed to recover. then, after 7 days, naïve fish, (designated as 'bystander' fish) which had never been exposed to the pathogen, were introduced to the same tank. these swam with the adapted (recovered) fish for 7 days before both groups and a control (never exposed directly to the pathogen or to recovered fish) group were exposed to a lethal dose of vib1. mortali ... | 2015 | 25757731 |
| molecular characterization of cd9 and cd63, two tetraspanin family members expressed in trout b lymphocytes. | tetraspanins are a family of membrane-organizing proteins, characterized by the presence of four highly conserved transmembrane regions that mediate diverse physiological functions. in the current study, we have identified two novel tetraspanin members in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), homologs to mammalian cd9 and cd63. both genes were expressed in muscle, skin, gills, hindgut, gonad, liver, spleen, head kidney, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. throughout the early life cycle stage ... | 2015 | 25769915 |
| comparative evaluation of infection methods and environmental factors on challenge success: aeromonas salmonicida infection in vaccinated rainbow trout. | when testing vaccine-induced protection an effective and reliable challenge method is a basic requirement and we here present a comparative study on different challenge methods used for infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with aeromonas salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen eliciting furunculosis. fish were vaccinated with three different adjuvanted trivalent vaccines containing formalin killed a. salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2a. these were 1) the commercial vaccine alpha ject ... | 2015 | 25783001 |
| modulation of innate immune response, mucosal parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) upon synbiotic feeding. | the present study investigates the effects of dietary supplements of galactooligosaccharides (gos), pediococcus acidilactici and p. acidilactici + gos on innate immune response, skin mucus as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (15.04 ± 0.52 g). after 8 weeks of feeding, several innate immune (lysozyme, alternative complement and respiratory burst activities) and skin mucus parameters (bactericidal activity against streptococcus faecium, streptococcus in ... | 2015 | 25827628 |
| effect of hydrogen peroxide and/or flavobacterium psychrophilum on the gills of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the immune response and morphological changes in the gills of rainbow trout fry after immersion in hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), flavobacterium psychrophilum or combined exposure were examined. the gills were sampled 4, 48, 125 and 192 h after exposure, and the regulation of expression of the following genes was investigated using qpcr: igt, igm, cd8, cd4, mhc i, mhc ii, il-4/13a, tcr-β, il-10, il-1β, il-17, saa and foxp3. bacteria were not observed in haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained gill tissue, but ... | 2015 | 25830180 |
| identification and expression analysis of two interleukin-23α (p19) isoforms, in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and atlantic salmon salmo salar. | interleukin (il)-23 is a heterodimeric il-12 family cytokine composed of a p19 α-chain, linked to a p40 β-chain that is shared with il-12. il-23 is distinguished functionally from il-12 by its ability to induce the production of il-17, and differentiation of th17 cells in mammals. three isoforms of p40 (p40a, p40b and p40c) have been found in some 3r teleosts. salmonids also possess three p40 isoforms (p40b1, p40b2 and p40c) although p40a is missing, and two copies (paralogues) of p40b are prese ... | 2015 | 25841173 |
| transcriptomic analysis and biomarkers (rag1 and igμ) for probing the immune system development in pacific cod, gadus macrocephalus. | mortality (>90%) is a big concern in larval rearing facilities of pacific cod, gadus macrocephalus, limiting its culture presently still in the experimental stages. understanding the immune system development of g. macrocephalus is crucial to optimize the aquaculture of this species, to improve the use of economic resources and to avoid abuse of antibiotics. for the transcriptome analysis, using an illumina sequencing platform, 61,775,698 raw reads were acquired. after a de novo assembly, 77,561 ... | 2015 | 25842179 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of a novel c-type lectin receptor-like gene from a teleost fish, plecoglossus altivelis. | c-type lectin-like receptors (clrs) are important pathogen pattern recognition molecules that recognize carbohydrate structures. however, the functions of these receptors in fish keep less known. in this study, we characterized a novel clr from a teleost fish, plecoglossus altivelis (ayu), tentatively named pacd209l. the cdna of pacd209l is 1464 nucleotides (nts) in length, encoding a polypeptide of 281 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 31.5 kda. multiple alignment of the ... | 2015 | 25842180 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ... | 2015 | 25849251 |
| growth, immune responses and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) supplemented with commercial probiotics. | the influence of two commercial probiotics on the growth, innate immune parameters and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles (initial weight: 16.4 ± 0.4 g) was evaluated. two probiotic types: a, multi-species (bacillus sp., pedicoccus sp., enterococcus sp., lactobacillus sp.) and b, mono-species (pediococcus acidilactici) were tested at two levels each (a1: 1.5 g kg(-1), 8.6 × 10(5) cfu g(-1); a2: 3 g kg(-1), 1.6 × 10(6) cfu g(-1); b1: 0.1 g kg(-1), 2.6 × 10(4) c ... | 2015 | 25865055 |
| influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth performance, innate immune response, biochemical parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on rainbow trout growth performance, innate immunity and biochemical parameters were studied. rainbow trout (17-18 g) were exposed to electromagnetic fields (15 hz) at 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µt, for 1 h daily over period of 60 days. growth performance of fish improved in different treatment groups, especially at 0.1, 0.5, 5 and 50 µt. immunological parameters, specifically hemagglutinating titer, total antiprotease and α1-antiprotea ... | 2015 | 25869215 |
| enantioselective analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater fish based on microextraction with a supramolecular liquid and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | toxicity of pharmaceuticals to aquatic biota is still largely unknown, and no research on the stereoselective toxicity of chiral drugs to these organisms has been undertaken to date. because of the lack of analytical methods available for this purpose, this manuscript deals, for the first time, with the enantioselective analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen in freshwater fish. the method was based on the microextraction of nsaids from f ... | 2015 | 25869485 |
| β-defensin in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus): sequence, tissue expression, and anti-bacterial activity of synthetic peptides. | beta-defensins (β-defensins) are small cationic amphiphilic peptides that are widely distributed in plants, insects, and vertebrates, and are important for their antimicrobial properties. in this study, the β-defensin (onβ-defensin) gene of the nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) was cloned from spleen tissue. onβ-defensin has a genomic dna sequence of 674 bp and produces a cdna of 454 bp. sequence alignments showed that onβ-defensin contains three exons and two introns. sequence analysis of th ... | 2015 | 25871516 |
| interactions of highly and low virulent flavobacterium columnare isolates with gill tissue in carp and rainbow trout. | the interactions of flavobacterium columnare isolates of different virulence with the gills of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) were investigated. both fish species were exposed to different high (hv) or low virulence (lv) isolates and sacrificed at seven predetermined times post-challenge. histopathological and ultrastructural examination of carp and rainbow trout inoculated with the hv-isolate disclosed bacterial invasion and concomitant destruction of ... | 2015 | 25889257 |
| immune responses to oral pcdna-vp2 vaccine in relation to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus carrier state in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the vp2 gene of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, encoded in an expression plasmid and encapsulated in alginate microspheres, was used for oral dna vaccination of fish to better understand the carrier state and the action of the vaccine. the efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by measuring the prevention of virus persistence in the vaccinated fish that survived after waterborne virus challenge. a real-time rt-qpcr analysis revealed lower levels of ipnv-vp4 transcripts in rainbow trout surv ... | 2015 | 25892368 |
| the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1) replication in tissues of experimentally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | salmon pancreas disease (spd) is one of the most commercially significant viral diseases of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in europe. in this study, the potential for dietary mitigation of the disease using different polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) profiles was assessed in rainbow trout. we experimentally infected fish with salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1), the causative agent of spd. these fish were fed two diets with different n-3/n-6 pufa r ... | 2015 | 25935121 |
| use of cell lines and primary cultures to explore the capacity of rainbow trout to be a host for frog virus 3 (fv3). | the capacity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, to be a host for frog virus 3 (fv3) was evaluated at the cellular level. cell cultures from this species were tested for their ability to express fv3 major capsid protein (mcp) gene, to develop cytopathic effect (cpe), and to produce fv3. after fv3 addition, mcp transcripts were detected in six of six cell lines and in primary macrophage cultures. cpe developed in all cell culture systems, except primary lymphocytes. for the macrophage cell lin ... | 2015 | 25948044 |