Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the intercellular organization of the two muscular systems in the adult salmonid heart, the compact and the spongy myocardium. | the ventricle of the salmonid heart consists of an outer compact layer of circumferentially arranged cardiomyocytes encasing a spongy myocardium that spans the lumen of the ventricle with a fine arrangement of muscular trabeculae. while many studies have detailed the anatomical structure of fish hearts, few have considered how these two cardiac muscle architectures are attached to form a functional working unit. the present study considers how the spindle-like cardiomyocytes, unlike the more rec ... | 2009 | 19627390 |
| langerin/cd207 positive dendritic-like cells in the haemopoietic tissues of salmonids. | the presence of dendritic cells in fish is studied with immunohistochemistry using a commercially available antibody developed against langerin/cd207 present in human langerhans cells. langerin/cd207, a protein known to be associated with the development of birbeck granules in human and murine systems, was found to be expressed within the cytoplasm of spleen and head kidney cells of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). reactivity was also observed within a few n ... | 2009 | 19630133 |
| selenite causes cytotoxicity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes by inducing oxidative stress. | selenium is an essential micronutrient to freshwater fish, but can be very toxic at slightly above the threshold level. the liver is known to be the major site of selenium accumulation and metabolism in fish. recent evidence from mammalian systems suggests that oxidative damage is an important mechanism of selenium toxicity; however this phenomenon has not been investigated in-depth in fish, either in vivo or in vitro. therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether selenium (as ... | 2009 | 19651203 |
| use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an immunostimulant for the control of aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) for the prevention of infection by aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) fingerlings. | 2010 | 19674184 |
| comparison of the susceptibility of brown trout (salmo trutta) and four rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strains to the myxozoan tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd). | differences in susceptibility to the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd), between four strains of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were evaluated. fish were exposed to water enzootic for the parasite in the field for 5 days and were subsequently transferred to the laboratory. relative parasite load was determined after 2, 3 and 4 weeks post-exposure (wpe) by quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) ... | 2009 | 19683396 |
| comparison of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content in atrial and ventricular myocytes of three fish species. | ryanodine (ry) sensitivity of cardiac contraction differs between teleost species, between atrium and ventricle, and according to the thermal history of the fish. the hypothesis that variability in ry sensitivity of contraction is due to species-specific, chamber-specific, and temperature-related differences in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) ca(2+) content, was tested by comparing steady-state (ss) and maximal (max) ca(2+) loads of the sr in three teleost fish, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykis ... | 2009 | 19692664 |
| outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) in seawater-farmed rainbow trout in norway caused by vhs virus genotype iii. | we describe the finding of a novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genotype iii strain that caused disease of both a neurological and septicaemic nature in seawater-farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in storfjorden, norway. in november 2007, an outbreak of vhs associated with slightly elevated mortality was confirmed at a seawater site rearing rainbow trout (90 to 440 g). within 3 to 4 mo, the disease was recognised in 3 neighbouring sea sites with ongrowing rainbow trout. the ... | 2009 | 19694169 |
| chemokine transcription in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is differently modulated in response to viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). | chemokines not only act as chemoattractants for immune cells, but also exert immunomodulatory actions, thus modulating the immune functions of their target cells. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), twenty-four chemokines have been identified to date. even though their sequences have been reported, their biological role has been scarcely elucidated and the role that these chemokines have on the antiviral response in fish has been poorly studied. in this sense, in the current work, we have de ... | 2009 | 19699800 |
| the first report of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 (platyhelminthes, monogenea) on italian cultured stocks of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). | the monogenean gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 is considered one of the most important parasites of wild salmonids in the european community due to the heavy ecological and economical damage it has inflicted on atlantic salmon (salmo salar) parr populations. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is susceptible to g. salaris and can act as a suitable carrier host and, consequently, its trade in eu territory is restricted in relation to the status of "recognized free" zones. despite the economic ... | 2009 | 19700245 |
| challenge studies of european stocks of redfin perch, perca fluviatilis l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus. | a challenge model for comparison of the virulence of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) to european stocks of redfin perch, perca fluviatilis l., and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was tested. the model investigated intraperitoneal (ip), bath and cohabitation routes at 10, 15 and 20 degrees c for 5-6 g fish and 15 degrees c for 20 g perch. in the ip challenges of perch, significant mortality occurred at 15 degrees c and 20 degrees c. in challenge trials for rainbow tro ... | 2009 | 19702625 |
| efficiency of hemoglobin from rainbow trout, cod, and herring in promotion of hydroperoxide-derived free radicals. | hemoglobin (hb) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic cod (gadus morhua), and herring (clupea harengus) were evaluated in terms of capacity to generate hydroperoxide-derived free radicals in aqueous solution at ph 6.8. cumene hydroperoxide (cumooh) was used as a model for preformed lipid hydroperoxides, and free radicals were monitored by stabilizing with the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone (pobn) and further detection by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. ... | 2009 | 19705833 |
| effects of insulin-like growth factor-i on non-specific immune functions in rainbow trout. | in-vitro effects of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) on superoxide production in phagocytic head kidney leucocytes (hkl) and in-vivo effects on plasma lysozyme levels were examined in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in-vitro administration of salmon igf-i (sigf-i), human igf-i, and human igf-ii increased superoxide production in zymosan-stimulated hkl. a significant effect of sigf-i on superoxide production in hkl was observed from 0.1 to 100 nm, and was equipotent to that of salmon ... | 2009 | 19715503 |
| an experimental vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | a candidate vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was developed using a bacterial lysate. to test the strength of protection, a. hydrophila challenge models were compared using injection into both the intraperitoneal (ip) cavity and the dorsal sinus (ds) with selected doses of live bacteria washed in saline or left untreated. unlike the ip route, injection into the ds with either saline washed or unwashed cells resulted in consistent cumulative mortality and ... | 2010 | 19732266 |
| enteric co-innervation of esophageal striated muscle fibers: a phylogenetic study. | enteric co-innervation of striated muscle fibers in the esophagus occurs in several mammalian species including humans. however, the functional significance is still unknown. phylogenetic data may be instrumental in gaining further insight. we examined the bat glossophaga soricina and the shrew suncus murinus as representatives for phylogenetically old mammals. as ruminants the antelope tragelaphus imberbis, the he-goat capra falconeri and the sheep ovis aries were selected. as non-mammals the c ... | 2009 | 19748835 |
| in vitro kinetics of hepatic albendazole sulfoxidation in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), tilapia (oreochromis sp.), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and induction of erod activity in abz-dosed channel catfish. | liver microsomes from market-size (n = 6) rainbow trout, channel catfish and tilapia were used to investigate in vitro biotransformation kinetics of albendazole (abz). abz was transformed to a single metabolite, abz sulfoxide (abz-so). catfish displayed the highest maximal velocity (v(max) = 264.0 +/- 58.6 pmols abz-so/min/mg protein) followed by tilapia (112.3 +/- 8.2) and rainbow trout (73.3 +/- 10.3). v(max) in catfish was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other two species. michael ... | 2009 | 19754908 |
| cloning of a novel interleukin (il)-20-like gene in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss gives an insight into the evolution of the il-10 family. | a novel il-20-like (il-20l) gene has been analyzed in rainbow trout. it has a six exon/five intron gene organisation and is translated into 181 amino acids (aa) with a signal peptide of 25aa and a mature peptide of 156aa. the trout il-20l translation shares highest identities to other il-20l molecules from fish and to il-20 in mammals. phylogenetic analysis showed that the fish il-20l molecules form an independent clade but cluster with the group containing the il-19, il-20 and il-24 molecules f ... | 2010 | 19755128 |
| modulation of antioxidant defence system in brain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after chronic carbamazepine treatment. | we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to cbz on the antioxidant system in brain tissue of rainbow trout. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cbz (1.0 microg/l, 0.2mg/l or 2.0mg/l) for 7, 21, and 42 days. oxidative stress indices (lpo and cp) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (sod, cat, gpx and gr) in fish brain were measured. in addition, non-enzymatic antioxidant (gsh) was determined after 42 days exposure. carbamazepine exposure at 0.2mg/l led to significant increas ... | 2010 | 19778632 |
| molecular analysis of intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to evaluate different molecular tools based on the 16s rrna gene, internal transcribed spacer, and the rpob gene to examine the bacterial populations present in juvenile rainbow trout intestines. dna was extracted from both pooled intestinal samples and bacterial strains. genes were pcr-amplified and analysed using both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. because of the high cultivability of the ... | 2010 | 19780831 |
| identification, characterization and genetic mapping of tlr7, tlr8a1 and tlr8a2 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense but there is limited understanding of how teleost fish recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlr) 7 and 8 bind single-stranded rna of viral origin and are activated by synthetic anti-viral imidazoquinoline compounds. herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tlr7 and tlr8 gene orthologs and their mrna expression. two tlr7/8 loci were id ... | 2010 | 19825389 |
| measurement of total zn and zn isotope ratios by quadrupole icp-ms for evaluation of zn uptake in gills of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | this study evaluates the potential use of stable zinc isotopes in toxicity studies measuring zinc uptake by the gills of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the use of stable isotopes in such studies has several advantages over the use of radioisotopes, including cost, ease of handling, elimination of permit requirements, and waste disposal. a pilot study using brown trout was performed to evaluate sample preparation methods and the ability of a quadrupole inducti ... | 2009 | 19836537 |
| use of garlic, allium sativum, to control aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | garlic, allium sativum, which was fed at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g per 100 g of feed for 14 days to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), led to control of experimental infection with aeromonas hydrophila. at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g garlic per 100 g of feed, there was a reduction in mortalities to 4% compared with the controls (88%). moreover, there was a significant increase in growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency. there was stimulation of the number of erythrocytes and leuco ... | 2009 | 19843196 |
| use of dietary ginger, zingiber officinale roscoe, as an immunostimulant to control aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | ginger, zingiber officinale, which was fed at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g per 100 g of feed for 14 days to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), led to control of experimental infection with aeromonas hydrophila. at 0.5 g ginger per 100 g of feed, there was a reduction in mortalities to 0% compared with the controls (64%). moreover, there was a significant increase in growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency. there was proliferation in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and lym ... | 2009 | 19843197 |
| changes in white muscle transcriptome induced by dietary energy levels in two lines of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for muscle fat content. | energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of muscle fat content in most animals, including man. we combined genetic selection and dietary energy supply to study the metabolic pathways involved in genetic and nutritional control of fat deposition in the muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two experimental lines of rainbow trout, selected for lean (l) or fat (f) muscle, were fed with diets containing either 10 or 23 % lipids from the first feeding, up to 6 months. at t ... | 2010 | 19874644 |
| oxidative damage in trout erythrocyte in response to "in vitro" copper exposure. | the oxidative action of copper on different trout oncorhynchus mykiss erythrocyte components was studied. the results indicate that: --cupric ions differently influence the oxidative status of two trout hemoglobin components i and iv (hbi and hbiv) having different structural and functional properties; --reactive oxygen species (ros) production associated with hemoglobins autoxidation is not influenced by the presence of copper sulfate; --the susceptibility to hemolysis increases in the presence ... | 2010 | 19880173 |
| responses of antioxidant status and na+-k+-atpase activity in gill of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, chronically treated with carbamazepine. | in recent years, chemical pollution by the residual pharmaceuticals has been increasingly important issue due to its widely present in the aquatic environment. however, the toxicological effects of residual pharmaceuticals on fish have not been adequately researched. the aim of this work is to investigate the toxic effect of cbz, an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in aquatic environment, on antioxidant status and na+-k+-atpase in gill of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal cbz (1.0 microg l( ... | 2009 | 19889442 |
| expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), in two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to myxobolus cerebralis. | the present endeavor was conducted to evaluate the role of activated macrophage in the susceptibility of two different rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strains, a susceptible american (t) and a more resistant german (h), to infection with myxobolus cerebralis. arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) genes were used as references to the alternative and classical pathway of macrophage activation. the expression level of both genes was measured using quantitative real-time polymera ... | 2010 | 19894064 |
| disparate infection patterns of ceratomyxa shasta (myxozoa) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) correlate with internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence variation in the parasite. | ceratomyxa shasta is a virulent myxosporean parasite of salmon and trout in the pacific northwest of north america. the parasite is endemic in the klamath river, oregon/california, where a series of dams prevent movement of fish hosts between the upper and lower parts of the basin. ceratomyxa shasta exhibits a range of infection patterns in different fish species above and below the dams. we hypothesised that the variations in infection and disease are indicators that different strains of the pa ... | 2010 | 19895812 |
| effects of ceratomyxa shasta dose on a susceptible strain of rainbow trout and comparatively resistant chinook and coho salmon. | ceratomyxa shasta infects salmon and trout, causing ceratomyxosis, a disease characterized by parasite proliferation in the intestine and death. we used laboratory challenges to investigate the infective dose for 3 fish species: a susceptible strain of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and comparatively resistant chinook o. tshawytscha and coho salmon o. kisutch. for susceptible rainbow trout, we determined the outcome of infection under conditions of varying parasite dose, fish size, and parasi ... | 2009 | 19899347 |
| a comparative molecular study of the presence of "candidatus arthromitus" in the digestive system of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), healthy and affected with rainbow trout gastroenteritis. | observations were made using histopathological techniques in conjunction with a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol for the specific detection of "candidatus arthromitus" on dna extracted from wax-embedded tissues and fresh digestive contents of rainbow trout. samples positive for "candidatus arthromitus" dna included fish with rainbow trout gastroenteritis (rtge), clinically normal cohabiting fish, and apparently healthy controls from rtge positive and rtge negative sites. the resul ... | 2010 | 19912454 |
| cellular components of probiotics control yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | subcellular components of the probiotics aeromonas sobria gc2 and bacillus subtilis jb-1, when administered to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, conferred protection against a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri. thus, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection of rainbow trout with cell wall proteins (cwps), outer membrane proteins (omps), lipopolysaccharides (lps), whole cell proteins (wcps) and live cells followed by challenge on day 8 with y. ruckeri led to 80-100% survival compared with 10% ... | 2010 | 19912460 |
| expression profiling of rainbow trout testis development identifies evolutionary conserved genes involved in spermatogenesis. | spermatogenesis is a late developmental process that involves a coordinated expression program in germ cells and a permanent communication between the testicular somatic cells and the germ-line. current knowledge regarding molecular factors driving male germ cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates is still limited and mainly based on existing data from rodents and human. fish with a marked reproductive cycle and a germ cell development in synchronous cysts have proven to be choice ... | 2009 | 19925684 |
| kocuria sm1 controls vibriosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | to develop probiotics for the control of vibriosis caused by vibrio anguillarum and vibrio ordalii in finfish. | 2010 | 19929950 |
| control of branchial artery tone in fish: effects of environmental temperature and phylogeny. | branchial artery vasoreactivity and nerve density were measured in teleosts of different phylogenetic relatedness from cold (-1.86 degrees to +1 degrees c) and temperate ( approximately 13 degrees c) environments. polar notothenia coriiceps and temperate paranotothenia angustata are closely related southern hemisphere nototheniids, and polar boreogadus saida and temperate myoxocephalus scorpius are northern hemisphere species that are phylogenetically distant from each other and the nototheniids ... | 2010 | 19938979 |
| identification of multi-drug resistance associated proteins mrp1 (abcc1) and mrp3 (abcc3) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the mrps (multi-drug resistance associated proteins; abcc subfamily) are members of the atp binding cassette (abc) superfamily of transport proteins and act as cellular efflux transporters of a wide variety of substrates, in particular glutathione, glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of diverse compounds. together with p-gp (p-glycoprotein; mdr1; abcb1) and bcrp (breast cancer resistance protein, abcg2) the mrps are highly important as cellular defense against toxicants and confer multixenobioti ... | 2010 | 19963264 |
| immersion exposure of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry to wildtype flavobacterium psychrophilum induces no mortality, but protects against later intraperitoneal challenge. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rtfs or rainbow trout fry syndrome, causes high mortality among hatchery reared rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry in europe and the usa. despite several attempts, no efficient vaccines have yet been developed, the main obstacle being that the fry have to be vaccinated very early, i.e. around 0.2-0.5 g, where rtfs usually starts to give problems in the fish farms. consequently, only oral or bath vaccines are relevant. immersion of fry in ... | 2010 | 20004722 |
| intracellular diffusion restrictions in isolated cardiomyocytes from rainbow trout. | restriction of intracellular diffusion of adenine nucleotides has been studied intensively on adult rat cardiomyocytes. however, their cause and role in vivo is still uncertain. intracellular membrane structures have been suggested to play a role. we therefore chose to study cardiomyocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), which are thinner and have fewer intracellular membrane structures than adult rat cardiomyocytes. previous studies suggest that trout permeabilized cardiac fibers also ... | 2009 | 20017912 |
| acute aquatic toxicity of western juniper (juniperus occidentalis) foliage and port orford cedar (chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood oils. | recently, interest has developed for using essential oils from western juniper (juniperus occidentalis) foliage and port orford cedar (chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood in commercial products such as pest repellents and cosmetics. in order to gauge the relative toxicological risk that these oils pose to freshwater and marine organisms, the acute aquatic toxicity of these oils was evaluated using oppts guidelines to the cladoceran daphnia magna, the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and the gre ... | 2010 | 20033284 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. | the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ... | 2006 | 20035483 |
| development and validation of a short-time cell culture and multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in mexican farm-sampled rainbow trout. | the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) affects several species of freshwater and marine fish. in mexico, ipnv has an important impact on farming of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss; however, ipnv distribution in mexico is unclear. the diagnosis of ipnv is laborious; usually it is based on isolation tests in cell culture followed by immunological identification using techniques of serum neutralization, immunofluorescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it has recently been demons ... | 2009 | 20043402 |
| studies on the possibility of vertical transmission of norwegian salmonid alphavirus in production of atlantic salmon in norway. | disease associated with salmonid alphavirus (sav) infection is a significant problem for farm production of salmonids in europe. the sav subtype 3 (sav3) is a norwegian subtype present exclusively in production systems for atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in western norway. it has been suggested that sav3 is transmitted through smolt transport from the main area for sav disease in western norway to as far as northern norway. one explanation for this type of sprea ... | 2009 | 20043403 |
| relationships between growth and disease resistance in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | rainbow trout from 23 families were evaluated for growth and resistance to the bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd) caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum and infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn) caused by ihn virus. average family weights were between 161 and 263 g with an average of 225 g at 213 days post-fertilization with specific growth rates ranging from 2.37 to 2.88. per cent survival of fish challenged with f. psychrophilum was between 18% and 100%, while for those challenged with ihnv ... | 2010 | 20059633 |
| comparative transcriptomic analysis of follicle-enclosed oocyte maturational and developmental competence acquisition in two non-mammalian vertebrates. | in vertebrates, late oogenesis is a key period during which the oocyte acquires its ability to resume meiosis (i.e. maturational competence) and to develop, once fertilized, into a normal embryo (i.e. developmental competence). however, the molecular mechanisms involved in these key biological processes are far from being fully understood. in order to identify key mechanisms conserved among teleosts and amphibians, we performed a comparative analysis using ovarian tissue sampled at successive st ... | 2010 | 20059772 |
| the znuabc operon is important for yersinia ruckeri infections of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify genes essential for survival of yersinia ruckeri in its natural host, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. a mini-tn5-km2 signature-tagged mutant, c6-1, was missing from rainbow trout kidney at 7 days after an immersion challenge. the transposon insertion in c6-1 was in a homologue of the znua gene of escherichia coli that encodes znua, a zinc-binding periplasmic protein of the high-affinity zinc transporter znuabc. further sequencing of the c6-1 ... | 2010 | 20070462 |
| the garlic component, allicin, prevents disease caused by aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | allicin was fed at 0 (= control), 0.5 and 1.0 ml of allimed liquid 100 g(-1) of feed for 14 days to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), fingerlings before infection with aeromonas hydrophila with a resultant reduction in mortalities from 80% in the controls to 8% [relative percentage survival (rps) = 90%] and 0% (rps = 100%) among the treated fish. allicin was strongly antibacterial compared to the control, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of >400 microl ml(-1) of allimed ... | 2010 | 20082660 |
| viral hemorrhagic septicemia and infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses replicate differently in rainbow trout gonad and induce different chemokine transcription profiles. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) are two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pathogens. while ipnv is known to be vertically transmitted to the next generation through the oocyte, vhsv is known to replicate in the ovary and be transmitted horizontally through the ovarian fluid. in this work, we wanted to study whether these differences had an effect on the immune response triggered in the ovary, with a focus on the chemokine response. we h ... | 2010 | 20096727 |
| use of lupin, lupinus perennis, mango, mangifera indica, and stinging nettle, urtica dioica, as feed additives to prevent aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | feeding rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with 1% lupin, lupinus perennis, mango, mangifera indica, or stinging nettle, urtica dioica, for 14 days led to reductions in mortality after challenge with aeromonas hydrophila. in addition, there was significant enhancement in serum bactericidal activity, respiratory burst and lysozyme activity in the treatment groups compared to the controls. use of lupin and mango led to the highest number of red blood and white blood cells in recipient f ... | 2010 | 20102439 |
| characterization of a vhs virus genotype iii isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhychus mykiss) at a marine site on the west coast of norway. | norwegian production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been without any outbreaks of vhs for many years until the disease emerged in a farm in western norway in november 2007. the fish were, in addition to vhs virus, positive for gill chlamydia-like bacteria, flavobacterium psychrophilum, and a microsporidian. a new vhs virus genotype iii was isolated from the fish in rtgill-w1 cells and the complete coding region (11,065 nucleotides) was sequenced. this virus was also used in a challen ... | 2010 | 20102597 |
| probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus influences the blood profile in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | this paper reports the effect of feeding probiotic diets on blood profiles in rainbow trout. two experiments were performed: in the first, fish of average weight 75 g were offered either a commercial feed or the same incorporated with 10(9) cfu g(-1) of lactic acid bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus for 30 days; in the second study performed for a similar duration, fish of average weight 126 g were offered formulated diets that either contained the same bacteria in heat-killed or freeze-dried form ... | 2010 | 20127411 |
| response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in skin and fin tissue during infection with a variant of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | response mechanisms of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), experimentally infected with a danish strain of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 were investigated using molecular tools (qpcr) and immunohistochemistry. expression of ten immune-relevant genes and reactivity with five different antibodies in the epidermis of skin and fin tissue were analysed in susceptible but responding rainbow trout. rainbow trout were susceptible with regard to the parasite strain which initially colonise ... | 2009 | 20128237 |
| effects of drift- and benthic-foraging fish on the drift dispersal of three species of mayfly nymphs in a japanese stream. | differences in the effects of two common predatory fishes, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and freshwater sculpin (cottus nozawae), on drift dispersal of the nymphs of three mayfly species, baetis thermicus, cinygmula sp., and paraleptophlebia chocorata, were examined by manipulative field experiments using stream enclosures in a northern japanese stream. the diel periodicity of prey consumption rate differed considerably between the two fishes; the prey consumption of the drift-foraging tro ... | 1999 | 20135165 |
| identification, characterization and genetic mapping of tlr1 loci in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | induction of innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-microbial defense but there is limited understanding of how teleosts recognize microbial molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlr) 1 and 2 form a heterodimer involved in recognizing peptidoglycans and lipoproteins of microbial origin. herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tlr1 gene ortholog and its mrna expression. two tlr1 loci were identified from a rainbow trout ... | 2010 | 20153434 |
| viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus ivb experimental infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and fathead minnow, pimphales promelas (rafinesque). | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the great lakes has had a dramatic impact on fish husbandry because of the implications of the presence of a reportable disease. experimental infections with vhsv ivb were conducted in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and fathead minnows, pimphales promelas (rafinesque), to examine their susceptibility and the clinical impact of infection. triplicate groups of rainbow trout (n = 40) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100 microl ... | 2010 | 20158580 |
| assessment of cytochrome p450 fluorometric substrates with rainbow trout and killifish exposed to dexamethasone, pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile, rifampicin, and beta-naphthoflavone. | cytochrome p450s (cyps) are important xenobiotic metabolizing proteins. while their functions are well understood in mammals, cyp function in non-mammalian vertebrate systems is much less defined, with function often inferred from mammalian data, assuming similar function across vertebrate species. in this study, we investigate whether in vivo treatment with known mammalian cyp inducers can alter the in vitro catalytic activity of fish microsomes using eleven fluorescent cyp-mediated substrates. ... | 2010 | 20167382 |
| fibroblasts express immune relevant genes and are important sentinel cells during tissue damage in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | fibroblasts have shown to be an immune competent cell type in mammals. however, little is known about the immunological functions of this cell-type in lower vertebrates. a rainbow trout hypodermal fibroblast cell-line (rthdf) was shown to be responsive to pamps and damps after stimulation with lps from e. coli, supernatant and debris from sonicated rthdf cells. lps was overall the strongest inducer of il-1beta, il-8, il-10, tlr-3 and tlr-9. il-1beta and il-8 were already highly up regulated afte ... | 2010 | 20174584 |
| enzymatic alterations and rna/dna ratio in intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, induced by chronic exposure to carbamazepine. | we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to carbamazepine (cbz) on the enzymatic alterations and rna/dna ratio in intestine tissue of rainbow trout. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cbz (1.0 microg/l, 0.2 or 2.0 mg/l) for 42 days. digestive enzymes (proteolytic enzymes and amylase) and energy metabolic enzyme (na(+)-k(+)-atpase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [sod], catalase [cat], glutathione peroxidase [gpx], and glutathione reductase [gr]) in fish intest ... | 2010 | 20174868 |
| effects of exposure to sublethal propiconazole on intestine-related biochemical responses in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effect of long-term (30 days) exposure to pcz (0.2, 50, and 500 microg l(-1)) on intestine-related biochemical markers in rainbow trout was investigated. multiple biomarkers were measured, including digestive enzymes (proteolytic enzymes and amylase), antioxidant responses (tbars, cp, sod, cat, gr and gpx) and energy metabolic parameters (rna/dna ratio, na(+)-k(+)-atpase). exposure to 500 microg l(-1) pcz led to significantly inhibited (p<0.01) proteolytic enzyme and amylase activity. activi ... | 2010 | 20193671 |
| generic parameterization for a pharmacokinetic model to predict cd concentrations in several tissues of different fish species. | in the present work, a set of generic parameters was proposed for a pharmacokinetic model, with the objective of predicting cd concentration in the tissues of diverse fish species under different environmental conditions. cd concentrations in a number of tissues of oncorhynchus mykiss and cyprinus carpio were estimated by a structurally identifiable multicompartmental model (unique solution). the 13 generic parameters of the model comprised exchange rates, tissue-blood partition coefficients, an ... | 2010 | 20202672 |
| yersinia ruckeri genes that attenuate survival in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) are identified using signature-tagged mutants. | to identify genes that enable the enteric redmouth disease bacterium, yersinia ruckeri, to persist in salmonid fish, 1056 signature-tagged mini-tn5km2 transposon mutants of a serotype 1 strain of y. ruckeri, rs1154, were screened in rainbow trout by immersion infection. two rounds of screening in fish identified 25 mutants that were not re-isolated from the kidney, 7 days post-infection. six mutants were tested a third time in fish, in 1:1 competitive challenges with the parent strain; 4 failed ... | 2010 | 20202763 |
| a prospective longitudinal study of "candidatus arthromitus"-associated rainbow trout gastroenteritis in the uk. | rainbow trout gastroenteritis (rtge) is an emerging disease of farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) reported in croatia, france, italy, spain and the uk. the impact of rtge at the site-level varies, and daily mortalities of 0.5-1% are common. gross lesions include severe enteritis with congestion and oedema, and the segmented filamentous bacterium "candidatus arthromitus" has been suggested as a possible aetiological agent. this paper presents findings from a prospective longitudinal epide ... | 2010 | 20207037 |
| parasite-induced aggression and impaired contest ability in a fish host. | abstract: | 2010 | 20226098 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 (irf-4 and irf-8) in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | mammalian interferon regulatory factor (irf)4 (pip, lsirf, and icsat) and irf8 (icsbp) are known to be critical in regulating a spectrum of functional and developmental processes in lymphomyeloid cell lineages either through direct binding to irf-e motifs in target gene promoters or indirectly by binding to composite motifs recognized by ets family members, pu.i and sp.i. here we report, for the first time in fish, the sequencing and characterization of full-length cdna homologues of rainbow tro ... | 2010 | 20298789 |
| peptidoglycan, not endotoxin, is the key mediator of cytokine gene expression induced in rainbow trout macrophages by crude lps. | in rainbow trout macrophages, phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations stimulate proinflammatory cytokine gene expression but ultrapure preparations of lps are inactive. crude lps preparations could potentially have a number of contaminants including peptidoglycans (pgns), nucleic acids and lipoproteins. thus, in the current study we individually tested potentially contaminating pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages to det ... | 2010 | 20304498 |
| the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interferon response in the ovary. | immune responses in the ovary are tightly regulated to provide protection for the developing germ cells, which are very sensitive to inflammatory responses. this characteristic immune response is often used by viral pathogens to evade the immune system, replicate and be transmitted to other specimens through the ovary. taking into account that in teleost fish, the innate immune system is considered crucial to the outcome of viral infections and the interferon (ifn) system is considered as the fi ... | 2010 | 20356627 |
| the placement of gyrodactylus salmonis (yin & sproston) in the molecular phylogeny of studied members of the gyrodactylus wageneri-group parasitizing salmonids. | the molecular phylogeny of gyrodactylus salmonis from brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, cutthroat trout, o. clarkii, and atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in canada is presented using sequences from its-rdna and the mitochondrial cox 1 gene. sequence variation among g. salmonis specimens from the different north american hosts was consistent with within-species variation reported for other gyrodactylus. sequence data are compared to those from other members of t ... | 2010 | 20367738 |
| development of protection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) to vibrio anguillarum following use of the probiotic kocuria sm1. | probiotic kocuria sm1, which was part of the allochthonous gut microbiota of rainbow trout, was administered to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings as dietary supplement at approximately 10(8) cells g(-1) for two weeks. the fish were challenged with vibrio anguillarum and innate immunity determined over the following 5 weeks. the probiotic-fed fish survived (mortalities = 10-28%; p < 0.05) better than the controls (mortalities = 73-92%) for 5 weeks after stopping administration of ko ... | 2010 | 20371293 |
| viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genotype ii isolated from european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in finland during surveillance from 1999 to 2008. | we examined the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the main spawning stocks of wild european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in the rivers of finland from 1999 to 2008. pooled samples of internal organs (kidney, liver and heart or brain) from 2621 lampreys were examined for the presence of vhsv by standard virological techniques. vhsv was isolated from 5 samples from the rivers lestijoki and kalajoki, which flow from finland into the bothnian bay of the baltic sea. t ... | 2010 | 20377008 |
| altered thyroxine metabolism in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd). | hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) is an additive flame retardant used in consumer and industrial applications. our earlier work suggested that fish exposed to hbcd exhibited an increase in the rate of turnover of thyroxine (t4), the precursor molecule to the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (t3). to examine this further, juvenile rainbow trout were held in the laboratory and fed diets containing environmentally relevant concentrations of the individual alpha, beta or gamma isomers. thirty-two ... | 2010 | 20378152 |
| invasion of ceratomyxa shasta (myxozoa) and comparison of migration to the intestine between susceptible and resistant fish hosts. | the myxozoan parasite ceratomyxa shasta infects salmonids causing ceratomyxosis, a disease elicited by proliferation of the parasite in the intestine. this parasite is endemic to the pacific northwest of north america and salmon and trout strains from endemic river basins show increased resistance to the parasite. it has been suggested that these resistant fish (i) exclude the parasite at the site of invasion and/or (ii) prevent establishment in the intestine. using parasites pre-labeled with a ... | 2010 | 20385137 |
| insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is co-ordinately regulated by liver and muscle during acute and chronic insulin stimulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the relative glucose intolerance of carnivorous fish species is often proposed to be a result of poor peripheral insulin action or possibly insulin resistance. in the present study, data from aortic cannulated rainbow trout receiving bovine insulin (75 miu kg(-1)) injections show for the first time their ability to clear glucose in a very efficient manner. in another set of experiments, mrna transcripts and protein phosphorylation status of proteins controlling glycaemia and glucose-related meta ... | 2010 | 20400628 |
| sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region reveals a novel clade of ichthyophonus sp. from rainbow trout. | the mesomycetozoean parasite ichthyophonus hoferi is most commonly associated with marine fish hosts but also occurs in some components of the freshwater rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture industry in idaho, usa. it is not certain how the parasite was introduced into rainbow trout culture, but it might have been associated with the historical practice of feeding raw, ground common carp cyprinus carpio that were caught by commercial fisherman. here, we report a major genetic division b ... | 2010 | 20402235 |
| in vivo and in vitro mixed-function oxygenase activity and vitellogenin induction in fish and in fish and rat liver cells by stilbenes isolated from scotch pine (pinus sylvestris). | many types of pulp and paper mill effluents have the ability to induce mixed-function oxygenase (mfo) activity and vitellogenin (vtg) protein in exposed male fish. the search for the compounds responsible for mfo induction has led to several classes of compounds, among them retene and stilbenes. the objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of candidate stilbene compounds. three stilbenes, 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (pinosylvin; p1), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene (p2), and 3, ... | 2011 | 20464549 |
| inflammatory and regenerative responses in salmonids following mechanical tissue damage and natural infection. | locale responses in muscle tissue against either a sterile tissue damage or infection were compared in salmonid fish in order to examine the inflammatory responses and regeneration of tissue. from higher vertebrates both damage and infection are known to cause inflammation since damps released from injured cells as well as pamps from the surface of pathogens are immunogenic. to examine this in salmonid fishes, atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were infected with moritella viscosus, the causative age ... | 2010 | 20472069 |
| the uvry response regulator of the bara-uvry two-component system contributes to yersinia ruckeri infection of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | to identify virulence-associated genes of a fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri, we screened a total of 1056 mini-tn5-km2 signature-tagged mutants in rainbow trout by immersion challenge. of 1056, 25 mutants were found survival-defective as they could not be re-isolated from fish kidney 7 days after infection. mutated gene in f2-4 mutant, one of the 25 mutants, was homologous to uvry that encodes uvry response regulator of bara-uvry two-component system (tcs). mutant f2-4 was significantly more sensi ... | 2010 | 20480360 |
| structural comparison of promoter and coding sequence of type i collagen alpha 1 chain gene duplicates between zebrafish and flounder/fugu lineages. | alpha 1 chain (colalpha1(i)) and alpha 2 chain (colalpha2(i)) are universal components of type i collagen in tetrapods, but rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (danio rerio) have a third: alpha 3 chain (colalpha3(i)). this study tests whether colalpha3(i) is a duplicate of colalpha1(i) by whole-genome duplication (wgd) that occurred early in the ray-fin fish lineage. we also examine how their promoter sequence was modified after wgd. we cloned colalpha1(i), colalpha2(i) and colalph ... | 2006 | 20483231 |
| hormonal and ion regulatory response in three freshwater fish species following waterborne copper exposure. | we evaluated effects of sublethal copper exposure in 3 different freshwater fish: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). in a first experiment we exposed these fishes to an equally toxic cu dose, a cu level 10 times lower than their 96 h lc50 value: 20, 65, and 150 microg/l cu. in a second series we exposed them to the same cu concentration (50 microg/l). na+/k+-atpase activity in gill tissue was disturbed differently in rai ... | 2010 | 20488257 |
| biological effects of high molecular weight lignin derivatives. | a number of high molecular weight (hmw) lignin derivatives possessing varied chemical properties were screened for their biological effects in order to obtain more information on the possible structural features of hmw lignin-related effects. the studied compounds were both commercial and in-house extracted lignin derivatives. bioassays used include reverse electron transport (ret), vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna, and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. the studied lignin d ... | 2010 | 20494440 |
| molecular characterization of prr13 and its tissue-specific expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the proline-rich protein 13 (prr13) is reported to be a key regulator of the resistance to cytostatica by decreasing the copy number of the proapoptotic gene thrombospondin-1. we isolated and characterized the complete prr13 gene sequence of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the gene comprises four exons and three introns, the latter of comparatively short lengths (100-811 bp). the full-length prr13 cdna consists of 1,101 nucleotides, including an open reading frame of 563 bp, which is predic ... | 2010 | 20526670 |
| priming of host resistance to protect cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss against eye flukes and parasite-induced cataracts. | in the present study, immunologically naive rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were experimentally exposed to a low-level diplostomum spathaceum (trematoda) infection to stimulate acquired resistance and, along with unexposed controls, were subsequently exposed to natural infection for 8 weeks. the priming of the host resistance, designed to simulate a procedure applicable in aquaculture, decreased the number of establishing parasites compared to untreated controls by the end of the experiment. t ... | 2010 | 20537029 |
| antiviral dna vaccination in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) affects the immune response in the ovary and partially blocks its capacity to support viral replication in vitro. | dna vaccination has proved a very effective method for controlling viral infections in fish, especially those provoked by rhabdovirus such as viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). recently, an effective dna vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) that codes for the viral polyprotein, and exerts its activity through a different mode of action than rhabdoviral vaccines has been developed. despite their known protective capacity, whether dna vaccines completely protect fis ... | 2010 | 20538063 |
| deep divergence and apparent sex-biased dispersal revealed by a y-linked marker in rainbow trout. | y-chromosome and mitochondrial dna markers can reveal phylogenetic patterns by allowing tracking of male and female lineages, respectively. we used sequence data from a recently discovered y-linked marker and a mitochondrial marker to examine phylogeographic structure in the widespread and economically important rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two distinct geographic groupings that generally correspond to coastal and inland subspecies were evident within the y-marker network while the mtdna ... | 2010 | 20546904 |
| endohelminth parasites from salmonids in intensive culture from southern chile. | a total of 228 salmonids (90 oncorhynchus mykiss, 48 oncorhynchus kisutch, and 90 salmo salar) from 8 intensive aquaculture centers in the south of chile were examined for endohelminths parasites between december 2008 and may 2009. the body cavities of 2 o. mykiss were infected by diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoids (prevalence: 6.7%, mean intensity: 1.0, mean abundance: 0.07) from the lake tarahuin hatchery on the south of chiloé island. also, tetraphyllidean plerocercoids (prevalence: 3.3%, mea ... | 2010 | 20557217 |
| exposure of fish to high-intensity sonar does not induce acute pathology. | this study investigated immediate effects of intense sound exposure associated with low-frequency (170-320 hz) or with mid-frequency (2.8-3.8 khz) sonars on caged rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and hybrid sunfish lepomis sp. in seneca lake, new york, u.s.a. this study focused on potential effects on inner ear tissues using scanning electron microscopy and on non-auditory tissues using gross and histopathology. fishes were exposed to low-frequency sounds fo ... | 2010 | 20557634 |
| evaluation of methane-utilising bacteria products as feed ingredients for monogastric animals. | bacterial proteins represent a potential future nutrient source for monogastric animal production because they can be grown rapidly on substrates with minimum dependence on soil, water, and climate conditions. this review summarises the current knowledge on methane-utilising bacteria as feed ingredients for animals. we present results from earlier work and recent findings concerning bacterial protein, including the production process, chemical composition, effects on nutrient digestibility, meta ... | 2010 | 20578647 |
| phase variation in flavobacterium psychrophilum: characterization of two distinct colony phenotypes. | four 'smooth' and 4 'rough' colony phenotypes of the gram-negative fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were characterized using biochemical, physiological, molecular and virulence tests to better understand the pathogenesis of the bacterium. biochemically, the 2 cell types did not react significantly differently. physiologically, the 2 phenotypes had distinct characteristics, and, when grown in broth, the smooth cells were found to be autoag ... | 2010 | 20597429 |
| identification of suppressor of cytokine signalling (socs) 6, 7, 9 and cish in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and analysis of their expression in relation to other known trout socs. | four new members of the socs family of molecules in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), cish and socs6, 7 and 9, are described for the first time in this species. the genes had a wide tissue distribution in trout, and were detected in gills, skin, muscle, liver, spleen, head kidney, intestine and brain, with brain having the highest expression levels. stimulation of a rainbow trout leucocyte cell line, rts-11, (mononuclear/macrophage-like cells) with lps or poly i:c had no effect on the express ... | 2010 | 20600958 |
| temporal and pathogen-load dependent changes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response traits following challenge with biotype 2 yersinia ruckeri. | rainbow trout infected with yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (erm), produce a pro-inflammatory and acute-phase response attributed in part to the innate recognition of bacterial-produced flagellin. recently, variants of y. ruckeri have been identified that lack flagella and associated motility. these strains are classified as biotype 2 (bt2) y. ruckeri and these are considered an emerging problem in salmonid aquaculture. little is known about the salmonid immune ... | 2010 | 20600959 |
| molecular characterization of atrogin-1/f-box protein-32 (fbxo32) and f-box protein-25 (fbxo25) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation. | the characteristic increase in protein catabolism during muscle atrophy is largely the result of an increase in e3 ubiquitin ligase expression, specifically that of atrogin-1, or fbxo32, which functions to polyubiquitinate proteins. in rainbow trout, the cdna sequences of two e3 ubiquitin ligase f-box proteins, fbxo32 and fbxo25, were characterized and their expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation was determined. the cdna sequence for fbxo32 encodes a protein 355 amino acids lo ... | 2010 | 20601059 |
| ecotoxocological effects of short-term exposure to a human pharmaceutical verapamil in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | verapamil (vrp) is a calcium channel blocker that is a highly prescribed compound and commonly present in aquatic environment, but the ecotoxicological effects of this pharmaceutical in fish have not been fully documented. in this study, the toxic effects of vrp were studied in juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by acute static bioassay. in the acute test, the median lethal concentration (lc50, 2.72 mg/l) was evaluated and the behavioral changes were obviously intensified with increasi ... | 2010 | 20601120 |
| growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | somatic growth is a complex process that involves the action and interaction of genes and environment. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtl) previously identified for body weight and condition factor in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and two other salmonid species, were used to further investigate the genetic architecture of growth-influencing genes in this species. relationships among previously mapped candidate genes for growth and their co-localization to identified qtl regions are ... | 2010 | 20609225 |
| sequence and expression analysis of two t helper master transcription factors, t-bet and gata3, in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and analysis of their expression during bacterial and parasitic infection. | the polarization of naïve cd4+ t cells to t helper (th)1 or th2 cells is specified by two master transcription factors, t-bet and gata3, and is an essential feature of mammalian adaptive immune responses to pathogens and the development of long-lasting immunity. we report here the cloning of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss t-bet and gata3, to allow the future evaluation of the existence of th1 and th2 cells in salmonid fish. the trout t-bet translation shares high amino acid identities to othe ... | 2010 | 20633655 |
| control of vitellogenin genes expression by sequences derived from transposable elements in rainbow trout. | in most of oviparous animals, vitellogenins (vtg) are the major egg yolk precursors. they are produced in the liver under the control of estrogens. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the vtg genes cluster contains an unusually large number of almost identical gene copies. in order to identify the regulatory elements in their promoters, we used a combination of reporter plasmids containing genomic sequences including putative estrogen response elements (eres) and we performed transient trans ... | 2010 | 20637911 |
| the putative rxlr effector protein sphtp1 from the fish pathogenic oomycete saprolegnia parasitica is translocated into fish cells. | the fish pathogenic oomycete saprolegnia parasitica causes the disease saprolegniosis in salmonids and other freshwater fish, resulting in considerable economic losses in aquaculture. very little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the infection process of fish pathogenic oomycetes. in order to investigate the interaction in detail, an in vitro infection assay using an oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) cell line (rtg-2) was developed. in a zoospore/cyst cdna library ... | 2010 | 20659163 |
| a multivariate comparison of the stress response in three salmonid and three cyprinid species: evidence for inter-family differences. | the response of six species of freshwater fishes, from the families cyprinidae (common carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus and chub leuciscus cephalus) and salmonidae (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta and arctic charr salvelinus alpinus), to a standardized stressor was evaluated. a 6 h period of confinement resulted in changes to plasma cortisol, glucose, amino acid and lactate levels compared with unconfined controls. there were significant differences in the ... | 2010 | 20666900 |
| roles of nitric oxide, nitrite and myoglobin on myocardial efficiency in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus): implications for hypoxia tolerance. | the roles of nitric oxide synthase activity (nos), nitrite and myoglobin (mb) in the regulation of myocardial function during hypoxia were examined in trout and goldfish, a hypoxia-intolerant and hypoxia-tolerant species, respectively. we measured the effect of nos inhibition, adrenaline and nitrite on the o(2) consumption rate and isometric twitch force development in electrically paced ventricular preparations during hypoxia, and measured o(2) affinity and nitrite reductase activity of the pur ... | 2010 | 20675545 |
| plasma free amino acid kinetics in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using a bolus injection of 15n-labeled amino acids. | to gain insight into the metabolic design of the amino acid carrier systems in fish, we injected a bolus of (15)n amino acids into the dorsal aorta in mature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the plasma kinetic parameters including concentration, pool size, rate of disappearance (r(d)), half-life and turnover rate were determined for 15 amino acids. when corrected for metabolic rate, the r(d) values obtained for trout for most amino acids were largely comparable to human values, with the exce ... | 2011 | 20676903 |
| identification of two foxp3 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with differential induction patterns. | foxp3 is a master transcription factor for the development and function of regulatory t cells in mammals, but little is known about this molecule in fish. two paralogues of mammalian foxp3 that share 83.9% identity at the amino acid level have been identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the c-terminal region containing a zn_c2h2 domain, a leucine zipper-like domain and a forkhead (fh) domain important for dimerization, nuclear translocation, and dna binding, is well conserved between ... | 2010 | 20684994 |
| interactions of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics on hepatic pregnane x receptor and cytochrome p450 3a signaling pathway in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the pregnane x receptor (pxr) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor (nr) superfamily and is commonly described as a xenophore or a pharmacophore, as it can be activated by a wide array of xenobiotics, including numerous pharmaceuticals and other environmental pollutants. the pxr regulates expression of e.g. cytochrome p450 3a (cyp3a) and the p-glycoprotein (p-gp) that are involved in excretion of lipophilic xenobiotics and endobiotics. a full length pxr cdna was isolated from rainbow trout liv ... | 2010 | 20719396 |
| effect of flavobacterium columnare inoculation, antibiotic treatments and resident bacteria on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss eyed egg survival and external membrane structure. | this study was conducted to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of the bacterium flavobacterium columnare on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss eyed eggs. survival to hatching was unaffected by the inclusion in the incubation water of either 300 colony-forming units (cfu) ml(-1) or 3000 cfu ml(-1) of f. columnare at either 10 or 12 degrees c in either mcconaughy or shasta strain eyed eggs. bacterial numbers, obtained via scanning electron microscopy or culture, and external membrane morphology w ... | 2009 | 20735580 |
| swimming in four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes: understanding functional design and performance employing artificially selected forms. | four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement of paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet ('common like' but with a long, deeply forked caudal fin), fantail (short, deep body with twinned caudal and anal fins) and eggfish (similar to the fantail but lacking a dorsal fin) were compared. drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast-start performance, stability in yaw and roll and propulsive muscle ultrastructural char ... | 2009 | 20738559 |
| the role of free amino acids in semen of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and carp cyprinus carpio. | the present study investigated (1) the free amino acid (faa) composition in semen of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and carp cyprinus carpio, (2) enzyme systems involved in amino acid metabolism and (3) the effect of amino acids on sperm viability under in vitro storage conditions. in the seminal plasma of o. mykiss, the main faas were arginine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, methionine and proline, in spermatozoa cysteine, arginine and methionine. in the seminal plasma of c. carpio, the ... | 2009 | 20738581 |